《学案》教学法的认识与实践

数学教学的改革正在深入发展,各种教法层出不穷,但有一个共同原则,那就是“三个为主”:教师为主导,学生为主体,练习为主线.如何将这三者有机结合,是每一个数学教育工作者追寻的目标.笔者经长期思考,实施了《学案》教学法.在实践中,逐步体会到《学案》教学法是博采众长,又富有特色的新教法.它集中了如自学讨论法、诱思探究法、自学程序法、自学提纲法等的长处,又有所突破、创新.《学案》教学法是“三个为主”理想结合的产物.

《学案》教学法在物理教学中的认识与实践

物理教学方法的改革正在深入发展，各种教学教法层出不穷，但有一共同原则，那就是“三个为主”，教师为主导，学生为主体，练习为主线，同时注重实验。如何将这几方面有机的结合起来，是每一个教学教育工作者追寻的目标。笔者长期从事物理教学工作，在物理教学中，实施了《学案》教学法，在实践中，体会到《学案》教学是博采众长，又富有特色的教学方法。

《学案》给我的反思

《学案》，顾名思义，是与教案相对应的一个概念，教案重视教师的教，学案重视学生的学。《基础教育课程改革纲要》提出：“改变课程过于注重知识传授的倾向，强调形成积极主动的学习态度，

《学案小识》与《四库全书总目》关系考

《四库全书总目》(本文简称《总目》)是唐鉴《学案小识·经学学案》的主要史源。唐鉴基本保留了《总目》经部清代正目的人物框架,同时,他有意从《总目》存目中遴选宋学家入传,另外,他又在多方面删改《总目》扬汉抑宋的文字。他经过精心部署,《经学学案》扬宋抑汉的学术宗旨与《总目》背道而驰。虽然《经学学案》的学术宗旨没有得到认可,但它仍作为史料被后世使用。

理科教学中的科学探究

学生进行科学探究,绝不仅仅是为了获得一个科学探究的结论。但现实教学中,不少教师使用《科学探究手册》、《科学探究学案》等教学资料,过分地对学生的科学探究进行＂指导＂,这些以教师视角编写的《手册》或《学案》,让学生依既定步骤＂按方抓药＂,阻碍了学生科学探究能力的发展。

“学讲方式”下语文课堂激疑问难摭谈

“学讲方式”下的语文课堂，要求学生在“自主先学”的基础上能够“质疑拓展”。因此上课之前要求学生依据《学案》自主先学，并圈画出文章中不懂的地方，然后以小组为单位，统计疑难问题，以便在课堂上“合作释疑”。

论祁寯藻与晚清理学:以同治朝修国史《循吏传》为中心

程朱理学在晚清的复兴久为学界关注,如倭仁等代表性人物已得到许多讨论。但是,理学复兴仍有复杂面相值得开掘,存在着时势、人事和制度等多种因素的交互。晚清其他朝廷重臣与理学复兴的关系不可忽视,如祁寯藻同治初年位居帝师,其施政作为有倡导理学之意。他于同治二年上奏澄清吏治,请求清廷纂修国史《循吏传》,并影响到该传的写作。祁氏影响下的国史《循吏传》取材理学著作《学案小识》,表彰具有理学思想背景的地方官员,体现出祁寯藻倡导理学的用心。祁氏学兼汉宋,同治初在朝与倭仁等理学名臣多有交往,呼应清廷上下推动理学的时势,以修史为举措,希望用理学振兴地方吏治。祁寯藻奏请纂修国史《循吏传》一事,提供了理解晚清理学复兴在实际政治层面运作的具体例证。

Study on the Mechanism of Nanopatterning in Printed Electronics Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation

In order to research the feasibility of using the selective adsorption principle to achieve automatic shaping of nano patterns,in this study,using the liquid gallium as the conductive ink and graphene as the printing plate surface,by changing the surface wettability of patterned areas on the nanoscale of graphene printed boards,the automatic formation of liquid gallium patterns on the graphene printed plate surface was simulated.The results indicated that liquid gallium can achieve automatic patterning on the surface of graphene patterned areas;the greater the interaction energy between gallium and carbon atoms,the clearer the pattern;gallium liquid is prone to remain in complex local positions of the pattern,making it difficult to shape the pattern;if the spacing between adjacent pattern lines is too large or too small,it will result in residual gallium liquid between the lines;increasing the thickness of the gallium film will cause the pattern to expand beyond the boundary,but increasing the thickness of the gallium film can also enhance the thickness and uniformity of the pattern lines.In summary,the principle of selective adsorption can be used to achieve the automatic formation of nano patterns,and the pattern formation effect is influenced by factors such as atomic interaction energy and pattern configuration.

A hybrid ventilation scheme applied to bidirectional excavation tunnel construction with a long inclined shaft

The breakage and bending of ducts result in a difficulty to cope with ventilation issues in bidirectional excavation tunnels with a long inclined shaft using a single ventilation method based on ducts.To discuss the hybrid ventilation system applied in bidirectional excavation tunnels with a long inclined shaft,this study has established a full-scale computational fluid dynamics model based on field tests,the Poly-Hexcore method,and the sliding mesh technique.The distribution of wind speed,temperature field,and CO in the tunnel are taken as indices to compare the ventilation efficiency of three ventilation systems(duct,duct-ventilation shaft,duct–ventilated shaft-axial fan).The results show that the hybrid ventilation scheme based on duct-ventilation shaft–axial fan performs the best among the three ventilation systems.Compared to the duct,the wind speed and cooling rate in the tunnel are enhanced by 7.5%–30.6%and 14.1%–17.7%,respectively,for the duct-vent shaft-axial fan condition,and the volume fractions of CO are reduced by 26.9%–73.9%.This contributes to the effective design of combined ventilation for bidirectional excavation tunnels with an inclined shaft,ultimately improving the air quality within the tunnel.

Chunk approach for English teaching

This paper suggests a chunk approach to solve the plateau problem among advanced English learners. The paper first discusses the extant problems and then provides a definition of the chunk approach. Based on some research results in cognitive psychology, it analyses the important role that chunks play in language acquisition and production and thus provides a cognitive foundation for implementing the chunk approach in English teaching. The paper also offers a set of classroom activities which can be easily adopted or adapted by other teachers.

《南雷学案》纠谬一则

清季民初，黄宗羲七世族孙黄嗣艾纂辑《南雷学案》（以下简称《学案》），欲“不坠其学”，亦“冀自警策”，故甚矜慎，嗣艾自谓“寻源索本”（《学案自序》，正中书局，1947年），王葆心亟称“不苟作也”（《学案序》二），黄侃更以为“是编也，允可为《？日作》、《洪范》之嗣响。”（《学案序》三）虽然，《南雷学案》卷四“先正·监臣黄明立先生”条凡二百八十五言，谬误竟至七、八事，故不可不辨。兹特适录之：

Acute acalculous cholecystitis in children

Acute acalculous cholecystitis(AAC) is the inflammatory disease of the gallbladder in the absence of gallstones. AAC is estimated to represent at least 50% to 70% of all cases of acute cholecystitis during childhood. Although this pathology was originally described in critically ill or post-surgical patients, most pediatric cases have been observed during several infectious diseases. In addition to cases caused by bacterial and parasitic infections, most pediatric reports after 2000 described children developing AAC during viral illnesses(such as Epstein-Barr virus and hepatitis A virus infections). Moreover, some pediatric cases have been associated with several underlying chronic diseases and, in particular, with immune-mediated disorders. Here, we review the epidemiological aspects of pediatric AAC, and we discuss etiology, pathophysiology and clinical management, according to the cases reported in the medical literature.

School-to-Work Transition in Saudi Arabia： A Case Study of Youth Cohorts

The paper addresses the youth＇s perception towards jobs and career opportunities in Saudi Arabia, based on the school-to-work transition model. The study is based on a sample survey covering 600 youth cohorts in Yanbu and Jeddah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study reveals that school-to-work transition is not a smooth one and is influenced by the perception of youth towards employment and its various dimensions along with the ambitions towards career improvement. The 14 indicators framed in the paper reveal that essentiality, confidence to get a job that satisfies the needs, job availability, and qualifications are found to be important determinants of youth＇s attitude towards work; whereas, willingness to do any job did not get much acclaim. Job selection of youth is determined by location （especially hometown job）, sectoral preferences, training options, and work environment.

Equipping the Public Primary Schools in Puebla： The Case of the Enciclomedia System in the State of Puebla, Mexico

The primary school system in Mexico is affected by serious shortfalls in the installation of related information and communication technologies resources in the teaching-learning process. This lack of resources has an impact of the context of the digital divide as well as in joining the knowledge society. The present article will deal with the outfitting of classrooms with the enciclomedia system in the 5tb and 6th grade in the State of Puebla. It will demonstrate important findings, demonstrating the deepening digital divide between the state capital and the rest of the municipalities in this state. In fact, the furthest （300 km far away from Puebla city） the less primary school equipped with the enciclomedia system. We will also demonstrate the resource distribution by school-type and inhabitants. Another finding is the influence in resource distribution by political party. This study should provide public policy decision-makers with valuable information for the apportionment of resources in all municipalities of the State of Puebla.

Cultural Literacy and World Literature： A Case Study

How much more can be gained from a piece of World Literature when the reader is semiotically literate in the culture that produced the work？ What are the implications of introducing the element of cultural literacy into the teaching of world literature, and how might culturally contextualizing the narrative enhance the reading experience for those who may not be familiar with the national culture that produced the work？ This paper examines these questions using as a case study The Tale of Genji （n.d.）, a novel from llth century Japan and ＂La Troisi6me Jeunesse de Madame Prune＂ （1905）, a French text set in Japan at the turn of the 20th century. Using examples taken from each writer＇s text, the author will show how a knowledge of both the target culture and the time period in which the work was produced can serve as a critical tool for analyzing the text; the former text shall be used to argue for an integration of a cultural anthropology element into the teaching of world literature, while the latter example shall be used to argue for the importance of contextualizing a text within its historical creation period. In concluding, the author shall examine the ways in which including an element of cultural literacy can lead to a truly interdisciplinary, trans-national, and trans-linguistic understanding of a particular literary text.

Boolean operations of STL models based on edge-facet intersection

For the data processing of the Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing, Boolean operation can offer a versatile tool for editing or modifying the STL model, adding the artificial construction, and creating the complex assistant support structure to meet the special technical requests. The topological structure of STL models was built firstly in order to obtain the neighborhood relationship among the triangular facets. The intersection test between every edge of one solid and every facet of another solid was taken to get the intersection points. According to the matching relationship of the triangle index recorded in the data structure of the intersection points, the intersection segments array and the intersection loop were traced out. Each intersected triangle was subdivided by the Constrained Delaunay Triangulations. The intersected surfaces were divided into several surface patches along the intersection loops. The inclusion prediction between the surface patch and the other solid was taken by testing whether the candidate point was inside or outside the solid region of the slice. Detecting the loops for determination of the valid intersection lines greatly increases the efficiency and the reliability of the process.

Community Soil Resources Management for Sub-Saharan West Africa： Case Study of the Gourma Region in Burkina Faso

A study on community soil fertility management concepts and practices was conducted through rapid and participatory method of research in 15 villages of the Gourma region in Eastern part of Burkina Faso. These investigations aimed at determining farmers＇ knowledge on soil resources： local soil taxonomy and indicators of soil degradation, soil fertility management practices, and capacity for adoption of new technologies in soil fertility management. The results of the study showed that the main parameter for soil classification for all the investigated villages was soil texture composition; soil degradation was evaluated according to crops yield decrease and the development Striga sp. in 100% of the investigated villages; the use of organic manure and long term fellow were the main practices for soil fertility management; concerning the villages where modem technologies of soil fertility management were introduced, the lack of tools and capacity building were the main limiting factors of the adoption of these improved practices at small scale farmers＇ level. Even if discordance between scientific and local soil taxonomy were revealed by our investigations; significant similarities between indigenous and scientific indices of soil degradation were noticed. With regard to the actual magnitude of soil degradation; the local techniques of soil fertility management need to be improved and accessible to a big number of farmers.

The potential for liquid biopsies in the precision medical treatment of breast cancer

Currently the clinical management of breast cancer relies on relatively few prognostic/predictive clinical markers(estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2), based on primary tumor biology. Circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) or circulating tumor cells(CTCs) may enhance our treatment options by focusing on the very cells that are the direct precursors of distant metastatic disease, and probably inherently different than the primary tumor's biology. To shift the current clinical paradigm, assessing tumor biology in real time by molecularly profiling CTCs or ctDNA may serve to discover therapeutic targets, detect minimal residual disease and predict response to treatment. This review serves to elucidate the detection,characterization, and clinical application of CTCs and ctDNA with the goal of precision treatment of breast cancer.

Commonly Used Motivational Strategies in Middle School EFL Classroom

Following Dornyei and Csize r＇s （1998） theoretical hamework of motivational strategies in the L2 classroom, this paper, through a case study, looks into the common use of motivational strategies in Chinese middle school EFL classroom.

D-Transposition of Great Arteries in a Primigravida of 35 Years Old-Case Report and Literature Review

This is a case report with discussion of the maternal-fetal outcome of pregnant women with uncorrected transposition of the great arteries （TGA） associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension and a large ventricular septal defect. This case draws attention to the severity of the pathology and maternal symptoms prior to gestation, and how an adequate clinical management of both obstetrics and cardiology can provide a favorable outcome for mother and fetus.