公民伦理与革命伦理的“道德商谈”——从小说《官司》到电影《集结号》

与传统现实主义革命悲剧不同,中国当代作家杨金远的短篇小说《官司》(2002)与当代导演冯小刚执导的红色大片《集结号》(2007)深刻揭示了后革命时代公民伦理与革命伦理之间的道德商谈。电影《集结号》对小说《官司》的改编采用了保留、增添、改变和删除等手法。电影文本与小说文本的不同主要体现在号声真相的探询、残酷战争的展现以及象征仪式的出场三个方面。通过改编,电影《集结号》有力地强化了公民伦理与革命伦理在真诚性和生命观两个层面的剧烈冲突,以及二者通过修复共识而又相互依存的悲剧性关系。

罗明坚编绘《中国地图集》所依据中文原始资料新探

意大利来华传教士罗明坚绘制了一部《中国地图集》,整理者认为此图集是依据中国明代罗洪先《广舆图》所编纂。《中国地图集》稿本中夹有一幅中文原刻版书本式单页地图——《辽东边图》,仔细研究此图的来源,应该是《大明一统文武诸司衙门官制》,这才是探讨《中国地图集》所依据底本的关键所在。将此书与《中国地图集》的文字和地图进行比较,可以发现罗氏的地图集不是根据《广舆图》编绘,而主要是依据《大明一统文武诸司衙门官制》一书所编绘。

Determinants of Joint Venture Performance in Cambodia

This study reviews important variables related to joint venture performance and identifies the key determinants of joint venture performance in Cambodia. A model of joint venture performance in Cambodia is proposed and tested. Finally guidelines for successful joint venture performance in Cambodia are proposed. Based on a study of 62 firms and interviews with 19 joint venture mangers and government officers, it was found that the most important factors driving the formation of a joint venture included access to an emerging new market, utilization of abundant and cheap labor, and existence of government incentives. The most serious obstacles to joint venture performance in Cambodia were corruption, lack of physical infrastructure, bureaucracy, and competition from a black market and smuggling. For the results indicate there are significant correlations between performance and trust, control, commitment, and ownership. Suggested guidelines to improve joint venture performance in Cambodia are proposed.

曹魏正始五年《石门铭》所见职官释证

曹魏正始五年《石门铭》所见郎中、司徒从掾位,即魏晋史籍中被称为王官、司徒吏的群体。王官、司徒吏与九品中正制没有直接关系,这一群体应该渊源于汉代察举与辟召制下的三署郎、公府掾。魏晋时期,伴随着自身原有职掌的丧失,他们常受命承担一些临时性职使,活跃于地方军政事务中。由于具备了虚衔化的特征,王官、司徒吏又常被最高统治者用作赐官,由此人数急剧膨胀,成为官僚体系末端的一个特殊群体。木工司马一职是曹魏时期伴随着材官校尉而创设的,当时又存在着以都匠冠于官衔之前的职衔组合,《石门铭》所见都匠木工司马恰反映了这一点;当部匠军司马则是隶属于军队系统的工匠。这两类职官的存在表明,当时对工匠的管理引入了军事化建制,一如屯田系统。《石门铭》所见诸职体现出的时代特征,有助于从微观层面观察汉魏之际地方行政模式变革。

Converts vs Ordinary Villagers in Late Qing Civil Trials,and the Rise of the Boxers

Village civil cases in the Qing Dynasty mainly dealt with households and marriage,land,and debts,etc.It was not uncommon for village disputes to end up in court,which functioned as a vent to release the sense of grievance felt by the disputants.Seemingly trivial cases were thus not trivial at all for those concerned.Prefectural or county officials’mishandling of a petty civil case could spark village conflicts.As a consequence,such trials were seen as a sensitive issue in rural governance.After the 1860s,the unequal treaties had allowed Western missionaries to proselytize deep into the North China countryside,offering“political protection”for their converts in an attempt to maximize their number.The missionaries interfered extensively in village judicial actions,taking the side of their converts in civil lawsuits that pitted church members against ordinary people.This led to a general situation of“deceitful converts against honest men,”making the latter feel they were the victims of injustice.The channels that would have allowed the ordinary villagers to vent their grievances via litigation were thus blocked up.Their accumulated resentment burst its barriers and finally exploded in the violence of the Boxer Uprising.