Combining compensating customers and emergency sourcing,a type of dynamic mitigation strategy is proposed to deal with supply disruptions.When a stock-out occurs,the retailer can control backorders by the compensation...Combining compensating customers and emergency sourcing,a type of dynamic mitigation strategy is proposed to deal with supply disruptions.When a stock-out occurs,the retailer can control backorders by the compensation level,and meet demand through an emergency source along with a high price.The unsatisfied customers decide to backorder or quit orders depending on the compensation level,the waiting time,and the customers’patience.By dynamically capturing customers’post-disruption reactions,an optimal control model is formulated to minimize the cost incurred by the supply disruption.Solving the model,the optimal reactive strategy is proposed in six patterns:a pure sourcing,a pure compensation,a mixed policy,a mixed policy-pure sourcing,a mixed policy-pure compensation,and a pure compensation-mixed policy,mainly depending on the compensation cost,the disruption length,and the customers’patience.The strategies analytically indicate how to properly change the compensation level and sourcing quantity as the disruption continues.The conditions for effectively using each strategy are provided as well.展开更多
Based on the data of climate and Baidu Index, the temporal and spatial variation of climate comfort and toudsts9 network attention in Inner Mongolia was analyzed, and the effect of dimate comfort on tourists, net...Based on the data of climate and Baidu Index, the temporal and spatial variation of climate comfort and toudsts9 network attention in Inner Mongolia was analyzed, and the effect of dimate comfort on tourists, network attention. The results showed, tiiat ① Inner Mongolia had a summer-comfortable toudsm climate, and it was uncomfortable to visit Inner Mongolia in winter. With the decrease of latitude, the climate comfort index gradually rose in Inner Mongolia, with a distribution pattern of l"ow in the east and high in the west". There were three types of distribution of the climate comfort index: M-shaped, inverted U-shaped, and inverted V-shaped ② Toutasts5 network attention had certain dependence on the development level of tourism in wrious regions. The degree of network attention of regions with a high level of tourism development was also relatively high, and its distribution was more uniform. Monthly indexes of the tourists, network attention had three types: M-shaped, inverted U-shaped, and inverted V-shaped. ③ On the whole, climate comfort had a positive impact on the degree of network attention, butwith the improvement of the level of tourism development, the impact of climate comfort on the degree of attention of visitors would be weakened.④ The impact of climate comfort on the tourists, network.展开更多
Liu Pu, a visiting professor at Renmin University of China, Vice Chairman of Siehuan landscape, Chairman of Sichuan Chinese Society painting, and the Art Realm presented their works bring us spiritual shock visual exp...Liu Pu, a visiting professor at Renmin University of China, Vice Chairman of Siehuan landscape, Chairman of Sichuan Chinese Society painting, and the Art Realm presented their works bring us spiritual shock visual experience.展开更多
China received 21.53 million visitors from overseas in the first five moths of this year.up 10.1% on the same period last year according to the country's tourism chief.
Analysis is given to energy sources home and abroad, the employed and customer market in oceanographic engineering and necessity of its development. Risk out of system is put forward just after marine industry into oc...Analysis is given to energy sources home and abroad, the employed and customer market in oceanographic engineering and necessity of its development. Risk out of system is put forward just after marine industry into oceanographic engineering market. It also metions several influencing factors including politics, finance and ocean engineering materials.展开更多
This paper is built on the study of one key blog-Wang Xiaofeng's No Guess (2006-2011) to explore how a Chinese intellectual uses his satirical skills in the blogosphere, how his blog reshapes the form of political ...This paper is built on the study of one key blog-Wang Xiaofeng's No Guess (2006-2011) to explore how a Chinese intellectual uses his satirical skills in the blogosphere, how his blog reshapes the form of political culture, and how the blogosphere through such interventions proceeds in the development of political communications in China. Two key issues are addressed in the paper. Firstly, drawing on the concept of "blogging culture", the author argues that blogging has potentially reconfigured political information around people's everyday lives, offering alternative modes of "public talk". The case of Wang Xiaofeng shows that satire can be used to make fun of the state, policies, and established ideologies, improving a previously restricted communicative environment toward more open. Secondly, the rise in the value placed on individualism in China, and the rise of peer-to-peer media mean that bloggers who pursue self-expression simultaneously through such self-expression. In other words, Wang Xiaofeng's No Guess blog demonstrates that individual opinions across the blogosphere have implicitly challenged political discourse; however, they always have to struggle with an ongoing censorship, negotiate an unstable discursive space and thus, can only enjoy a limited success.展开更多
INTERNATIONAL travel is becoming fashionable in China and more people are beginning to explore the outside world.Many countries are trying to attract Chinese tourists.Many foreigners,however,have a somewhat love-hate ...INTERNATIONAL travel is becoming fashionable in China and more people are beginning to explore the outside world.Many countries are trying to attract Chinese tourists.Many foreigners,however,have a somewhat love-hate relationship with Chinese visitors.They love Chinese tourists’high level of consumption,and the economic benefits it brings.展开更多
Achieving competitiveness by a company requires the rejection of conservatism and immobility, or its constant adaptation to market conditions and consumer demands. This paper has proposed assessing the quality of food...Achieving competitiveness by a company requires the rejection of conservatism and immobility, or its constant adaptation to market conditions and consumer demands. This paper has proposed assessing the quality of food services in the President Restaurant performed by applying Servqual instrument designed on the basis of customer's expectations and perceptions on analyzed components. Over 70% of respondents have a favorable perception on the quality of services. However you can see a slight difference between perceptions and expectations regarding the serving speed, waiter's professionalism, hygiene of room service and inventory objects, the reason being related to the lack of staff.展开更多
Railway seat inventory control strategies play a crucial role in the growth of profit and train load factor. The railway passenger seat inventory control problem in China was addressed. Chinese passenger railway opera...Railway seat inventory control strategies play a crucial role in the growth of profit and train load factor. The railway passenger seat inventory control problem in China was addressed. Chinese passenger railway operation features and seat inventory control practice were analyzed firstly. A dynamic demand forecasting method was introduced to forecast the coming demand in a ticket booking period. By clustering, passengers' historical ticket bookings were used to forecast the demand to come in a ticket booking period with least squares support vector machine. Three seat inventory control methods: non-nested booking limits, nested booking limits and bid-price control, were modeled under a single-fare class. Different seat inventory control methods were compared with the same demand based on ticket booking data of Train T15 from Beijing West to Guangzhou. The result shows that the dynamic non-nested booking limits control method performs the best, which gives railway operators evidence to adjust the remaining capacity in a ticket booking period.展开更多
Increases in consumer requirements for both product and service efficiency and effectiveness have resulted in business process reengineering (BPR). The re-engineering of business processes is concerned with fundamen...Increases in consumer requirements for both product and service efficiency and effectiveness have resulted in business process reengineering (BPR). The re-engineering of business processes is concerned with fundamentally rethinking and redesigning business processes to obtain dramatic and sustaining improvements in quality, cost, service, lead-times, outcomes, flexibility and innovation (Hammer & Champy, 1993). Nowadays, banking industry has reduced structural barriers to competition in domestic markets by abolishing interest rates ceilings on deposits and lending by financial intermediaries in the world. Iran also has not been expected. According to the government's decision, the interest rate is going down to be around 9% (before: 22%, and right now: 15%), and this decision is very risky for the banks in Iran. On these reasons cited above, the banks should employ some strategies to solve their problems. It is because the customers have a vital and key role in this sector, and the banks are dependent to them, 13PR is one strategy to help them in this competitive situation. BPR implementation can provide them, to survive in this better customer service, as well as improvement and management of customer expectations satisfaction and loyalty (Winer, 2001). This study is a descriptive-correlation research to explain effect of BPR on strengthening of banking sector, focus on customer satisfaction as potential of I^PR. The focus of attention with such applications is customer satisfaction. In this research, a questionnaire was developed containing 18 items each items employed a 7-piont instrument developed to find existent relationship between BPR implementation and customer satisfaction, relationship between employee's productivity and efficiency and satisfaction level of customer and also effect of information technology on accomplishment of BPR. In order to validate the instrument, validity and reliability tests were performed and to get reliability. Alpha kronbakh has computed according a pilot study as shown in following items: r HI (with 5 factors) = 75.7%; r H2 (with 7 factors) = 75%; r H3 (with 5 factors) = 81%; R total: (with 17 factors) = 92%展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71771053,71371003)the Key Research and Development Plan(M odern Agriculture)of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2018385)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Combining compensating customers and emergency sourcing,a type of dynamic mitigation strategy is proposed to deal with supply disruptions.When a stock-out occurs,the retailer can control backorders by the compensation level,and meet demand through an emergency source along with a high price.The unsatisfied customers decide to backorder or quit orders depending on the compensation level,the waiting time,and the customers’patience.By dynamically capturing customers’post-disruption reactions,an optimal control model is formulated to minimize the cost incurred by the supply disruption.Solving the model,the optimal reactive strategy is proposed in six patterns:a pure sourcing,a pure compensation,a mixed policy,a mixed policy-pure sourcing,a mixed policy-pure compensation,and a pure compensation-mixed policy,mainly depending on the compensation cost,the disruption length,and the customers’patience.The strategies analytically indicate how to properly change the compensation level and sourcing quantity as the disruption continues.The conditions for effectively using each strategy are provided as well.
基金Sponsored by Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJSY17019)
文摘Based on the data of climate and Baidu Index, the temporal and spatial variation of climate comfort and toudsts9 network attention in Inner Mongolia was analyzed, and the effect of dimate comfort on tourists, network attention. The results showed, tiiat ① Inner Mongolia had a summer-comfortable toudsm climate, and it was uncomfortable to visit Inner Mongolia in winter. With the decrease of latitude, the climate comfort index gradually rose in Inner Mongolia, with a distribution pattern of l"ow in the east and high in the west". There were three types of distribution of the climate comfort index: M-shaped, inverted U-shaped, and inverted V-shaped ② Toutasts5 network attention had certain dependence on the development level of tourism in wrious regions. The degree of network attention of regions with a high level of tourism development was also relatively high, and its distribution was more uniform. Monthly indexes of the tourists, network attention had three types: M-shaped, inverted U-shaped, and inverted V-shaped. ③ On the whole, climate comfort had a positive impact on the degree of network attention, butwith the improvement of the level of tourism development, the impact of climate comfort on the degree of attention of visitors would be weakened.④ The impact of climate comfort on the tourists, network.
文摘Liu Pu, a visiting professor at Renmin University of China, Vice Chairman of Siehuan landscape, Chairman of Sichuan Chinese Society painting, and the Art Realm presented their works bring us spiritual shock visual experience.
文摘China received 21.53 million visitors from overseas in the first five moths of this year.up 10.1% on the same period last year according to the country's tourism chief.
文摘Analysis is given to energy sources home and abroad, the employed and customer market in oceanographic engineering and necessity of its development. Risk out of system is put forward just after marine industry into oceanographic engineering market. It also metions several influencing factors including politics, finance and ocean engineering materials.
文摘This paper is built on the study of one key blog-Wang Xiaofeng's No Guess (2006-2011) to explore how a Chinese intellectual uses his satirical skills in the blogosphere, how his blog reshapes the form of political culture, and how the blogosphere through such interventions proceeds in the development of political communications in China. Two key issues are addressed in the paper. Firstly, drawing on the concept of "blogging culture", the author argues that blogging has potentially reconfigured political information around people's everyday lives, offering alternative modes of "public talk". The case of Wang Xiaofeng shows that satire can be used to make fun of the state, policies, and established ideologies, improving a previously restricted communicative environment toward more open. Secondly, the rise in the value placed on individualism in China, and the rise of peer-to-peer media mean that bloggers who pursue self-expression simultaneously through such self-expression. In other words, Wang Xiaofeng's No Guess blog demonstrates that individual opinions across the blogosphere have implicitly challenged political discourse; however, they always have to struggle with an ongoing censorship, negotiate an unstable discursive space and thus, can only enjoy a limited success.
文摘INTERNATIONAL travel is becoming fashionable in China and more people are beginning to explore the outside world.Many countries are trying to attract Chinese tourists.Many foreigners,however,have a somewhat love-hate relationship with Chinese visitors.They love Chinese tourists’high level of consumption,and the economic benefits it brings.
文摘Achieving competitiveness by a company requires the rejection of conservatism and immobility, or its constant adaptation to market conditions and consumer demands. This paper has proposed assessing the quality of food services in the President Restaurant performed by applying Servqual instrument designed on the basis of customer's expectations and perceptions on analyzed components. Over 70% of respondents have a favorable perception on the quality of services. However you can see a slight difference between perceptions and expectations regarding the serving speed, waiter's professionalism, hygiene of room service and inventory objects, the reason being related to the lack of staff.
基金Project(2009BAG12A10)supported by the State Technical Support Program of ChinaProject(71201009)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(RCS2009ZT009)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing Jiaotong University,China
文摘Railway seat inventory control strategies play a crucial role in the growth of profit and train load factor. The railway passenger seat inventory control problem in China was addressed. Chinese passenger railway operation features and seat inventory control practice were analyzed firstly. A dynamic demand forecasting method was introduced to forecast the coming demand in a ticket booking period. By clustering, passengers' historical ticket bookings were used to forecast the demand to come in a ticket booking period with least squares support vector machine. Three seat inventory control methods: non-nested booking limits, nested booking limits and bid-price control, were modeled under a single-fare class. Different seat inventory control methods were compared with the same demand based on ticket booking data of Train T15 from Beijing West to Guangzhou. The result shows that the dynamic non-nested booking limits control method performs the best, which gives railway operators evidence to adjust the remaining capacity in a ticket booking period.
文摘Increases in consumer requirements for both product and service efficiency and effectiveness have resulted in business process reengineering (BPR). The re-engineering of business processes is concerned with fundamentally rethinking and redesigning business processes to obtain dramatic and sustaining improvements in quality, cost, service, lead-times, outcomes, flexibility and innovation (Hammer & Champy, 1993). Nowadays, banking industry has reduced structural barriers to competition in domestic markets by abolishing interest rates ceilings on deposits and lending by financial intermediaries in the world. Iran also has not been expected. According to the government's decision, the interest rate is going down to be around 9% (before: 22%, and right now: 15%), and this decision is very risky for the banks in Iran. On these reasons cited above, the banks should employ some strategies to solve their problems. It is because the customers have a vital and key role in this sector, and the banks are dependent to them, 13PR is one strategy to help them in this competitive situation. BPR implementation can provide them, to survive in this better customer service, as well as improvement and management of customer expectations satisfaction and loyalty (Winer, 2001). This study is a descriptive-correlation research to explain effect of BPR on strengthening of banking sector, focus on customer satisfaction as potential of I^PR. The focus of attention with such applications is customer satisfaction. In this research, a questionnaire was developed containing 18 items each items employed a 7-piont instrument developed to find existent relationship between BPR implementation and customer satisfaction, relationship between employee's productivity and efficiency and satisfaction level of customer and also effect of information technology on accomplishment of BPR. In order to validate the instrument, validity and reliability tests were performed and to get reliability. Alpha kronbakh has computed according a pilot study as shown in following items: r HI (with 5 factors) = 75.7%; r H2 (with 7 factors) = 75%; r H3 (with 5 factors) = 81%; R total: (with 17 factors) = 92%