新世纪以来女性作家的家庭叙事——以姚鄂梅《家庭生活》为中心

女性与家庭的关系是文学作品中经久不衰的主题。新世纪以来,中国女性作家的家庭叙事中呈现出清晰的女性主体性叙事的倾向。姚鄂梅的中篇小说集《家庭生活》聚焦中国女性的家庭生活场域,塑造了因家庭主义放弃个人发展的牺牲者、被剥夺了社会性母亲身份的无望的救赎者,以及为情感殉道的另类第三者形象。其将女性的欲望叙事内蕴于家庭叙事的结构之中,小说通过有关生育的事件进行倒叙,勾连人物的身体记忆,揭露了女性围绕生育产生的耻感与隐痛是父权制家庭政治的恶果。同时,作者超越以往女性主义作家通过身体写作批判父权制度的层面,揭示了家庭内感情危机背后的物质主义的弊病,探讨了女性不平等地位的经济根源,反思了单向度理念化的家庭已有的权力关系。因此,应当从加强个体责任意识与完善社会制度的角度寻找应对家庭危机的出路。

Caregiver burden:A concept analysis

Objective:Caregiver burden is used frequently within the nursing literature.It has not yet been clearly defined as there are different opinions regarding this concept.The purpose of this paper is to provide clarity surrounding the concept caregiver burden.Methods:An electronic search of MEDLINE,CINAHL,Health Source Nursing/Academic Edition and Academic Search Complete(ASC)of EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Google Scholar were searched with a limit of 10 years and published in the English or Chinese language.The paper adopted the framework by Walker and Avant.The attributes,antecedents,consequences and uses of the concept were identified.Results:At total of 33 articles were included.The three attributes of caregiver burden were identified as self-perception,multifaceted strain,and over time.The antecedents included insufficient financial resources,multiple responsibility conflict,lack of social activities.The consequences of caregiver burden resulted in negative change which included decreased care provision,decrease in quality of life,physical and psychological health deterioration.Conclusion:A definition of caregiver burden was developed.Tools to measure caregiver burden were identified.The findings from this analysis can be used in nursing practice,nursing education,research and administration.

Wifehood and Silent Separatist Policy in Alan Paton＇ s Cry, The Beloved Country

The paper presents abandonment, loneliness, and desolation, which defaced wifehood institution in South African polity. The disruption of family life and lack of opportunity for personal development turned women desolate and children delinquent. The problem is the non-liberal practices in South Africa in spite of the struggle of people like Alan Paton. The objective of this paper is to study the South African society as presented by Alan Paton in line with his Liberalist Theory in order to make freedom and development achievable. The main factual points are that racism still exists; most black homes are separated; most black women are not empowered; colour segregation hinder development. The methodology adopted is the interpretation discourse of Alan Paton＇s Cry My Beloved Country in line with South African society. The Silent Separatist Policy, Survival and Family; Societal Plague and Women; Apartheid： Implication for Development; and Way Forward are discussed. The outcome revealed the difficulty of transforming South Africa into a complete liberal society due to racism and the need to empower women. The conclusions are： Education should be made accessible to all; Women empowered and total freedom restored.

Martin Luther on Marriage and Family

This paper describes and analyzes Martin Luther＇s views on marriage and family primarily from his own writings. Luther elevated marriage and family life to a place of respect and honor in the church and society at a time when singleness and celibacy were celebrated as ways of reaching a higher state of spirituality. Martin Luther＇s teachings were so radically different from the traditional Catholic views of his days that the church became furious with him and tried almost everything in their power to silence him. Although Luther is known primarily for his views on Justification, but it is his teachings on marriage and family that has been more consequential. Many in the West who have never heard the name of Martin Luther, today enjoy a more biblical view on marriage and family because of his influence. He advocated divorce according to biblical principles, at a time when divorce was almost impossible; he encouraged priests to marry by showing that there was no conflict between their calling and marriage; he denounced celibacy, blaming it for encouraging lust rather than aiding chastity; he restored marriage and family life back to the arena of spirituality and respectability in society. Luther lived out his own advice by getting married and living an exemplary married life. What made Luther so effective was the passionate intensity with which he advocated these reforms. He wrote and spoke with such power and backed up his words with such a bold and courageous life, although living in the shadow of constant threats, that centuries after his death, the power and conviction of his ideas still resonate.

Popular Catholicism Based on Sensory Engagement and Corporeal Perception

Pat Mora＇s House of Houses is a collection of memories about a Southwestern Mexican immigrant family. She develops multilayered meanings of the house in terms of psychological, spiritual, and sensory influences on both her private and communal life. She deploys sensory signiflers to portray religious and spiritual memories in a picturesque or performative way. The book reveals that the primacy of the senses as a perceptual device transforms the habitual religious rituals of popular Catholicism into the unconscious. This book shows how sensory perception is engaged in appropriating mystical space/time and interiorizing spiritual objects of family life. Thus, the paper investigates how the sensory agencies contribute to exploring culturally plural ways of experiencing the divine. It also illustrates how Mora＇s deployment of corporeality is related to her reassessment of femaleness and understanding of a meaning of the divine, which is distinctively embodied through 1o cotidiano. In effect, it focuses on Mora＇s treatment of the sensible body in connection with spiritual and religious connotations.

Household Income Based on a Broad View of Production

This paper considers the real value of unpaid work. Actual living satisfaction depends not only on market income measured using the current concept of GDP, but also on unpaid household production. We try to estimate broad household income in Japan based on 2011 government estimates. We assume three household life stages, each of which consists of three cases categorized by the spouse＇s type of work. The results show that income differences between the three cases were very small and women worked longer hours than men in all household life stages. This reveals a different possible view of income distribution and poverty, in which women are overburdened.

Balancing Between the New Family Law and Religious Practices and Its Impact on Moroccan Women＇s Lives

The present paper seeks to shed light on the main factors lying behind the non-implementation of Article 20 of the New Moroccan Family Law reformed in 2004 which is concerned with legal minimum age of marriage for both sexes, 18 years old for both. This study aims at investigating why the number of marriages of young girls continue to increase despite the establishment of the Law. The author takes the region of Fez as a case in point to explore this social behavior in Moroccan society. A qualitative approach has been adopted by interviewing 10 persons including Family Affairs Judges, lawyers and University Professors of Islamic studies at the University of Fez. Added to this, the technique of observation has equally been utilized to have everyday life concrete experiences of young girls ＂marriages＂. It has been argued that a unilateral approach to this social phenomenon cannot succeed to understand the complex nature of this bad social habit that is still predominant among rural areas and marginalized urban districts. A rather global approach taking into account the economic, socio-cultural, and legal dimension of the issue under investigation proves to be much more adequate to explore the intricate nature of this problems in which a number of diverse variables interact. The paper ends up with a conclusion and a number of recommendations on how to reduce this social act.

Research and Analyze the Factors Affecting to the Formation of the Economy Area of Fresh Vegetables Cultivation at Ho Chi Minh City Suburb

Vietnam＇s economy is developing more and more rapidly, people＇s income are increasing, and the living condition is better. Today, consumer are increasingly aware of the quality of products, especially fresh food, but they have a little opportunity to choose the products which satisfy the needs, because they are limited to the product information and product origin. Fresh vegetables are one of the essential foods in the family living. The selection of fresh vegetables is not only to serve the basic needs as eating and drinking, but also to include the need for safety. Currently, consumer demand for fresh vegetable are great, especially when the living standards are becoming higher and people pay more attention to their health, especially for the consumer of Ho Chi Minh City. How fresh is vegetable market in Ho Chi Minh City today like.＇？ What is consumers＇ awareness of fresh vegetable？ What factors impact the fresh vegetable buying behavior of consumers？ Why does the development of fresh vegetable market in Ho Chi Minh City currently face many difficulties？ This study surveys the research, analyzes the factors affecting the economic area formation of fresh vegetable plantation at suburb of rio Chi Minh City.

Urban Transformation and Nostalgia in Merdivenkoy, Istanbul

In this paper the author will try to discuss the experiences and narratives of three different categories of families living in Merdivenkoy, Fikirtepe, the oldest settlement and suburban area of the Anatolian side of Istanbul, on the backdrop of urban transformation that will change the area soon. In life story narratives, these three examples give us information about the history, economic linkage, and life styles of neighboring families. The first category basically consists of the families that live in the area for a very long time, over some decades or more. Even one of them mentioned that, their family is living there for hundreds of years. The second category, which represents the biggest group living in the area, consists of families migrated from Sivas, a central Anatolian city, in the 1950s. Third category consist of Kurds migrated from eastern Anatolian villages and cities such as Mardin. Each category has different kinds of nostalgia about the past. Interviewees from the first category talk about family narratives related to the small village Merdivenk6y, Fikirtepe and the area. Mostly, they have a story of a ＂well off＂ family, structured and detailed narratives about the family history, including relations with the Ottoman Palace such as doing some sort of production for it. They seem very sensitive about the local cultural characteristics and what＇s going on in the area; realistic about and reconciled with what will happen as a result of slum clearance. Interviewees from the second category mostly emphasize the hardship of settling in a muddy suburban area, where once ＂muddy lands＂ now turned out to become valuable urban properties on which new and modem neighborhoods, shopping malls and office buildings will be built. They are expecting to get maximum gain out of the exchange of their small property, since they are desperately in need, because of the financial crisis situation. Although their houses with small gardens near the small industrial area are small, old, and neglected for years, they expect the most. Relatively newcomers, Kurdish people in the area talk about the good old days on the one hand and the painful stories about migration and settling on the other hand. They do not think about going back to their native lands, since here it is easier for them to find jobs in the informal economy as they live very close to central parts of the city. As a part of a larger research study focused on the experience of urban transformation, we made more than 50 interviews, trying to make a general outlook of the area, working on the dynamics of change before and after the urban transformation that had been started in June 2010. By using oral history research techniques and social science methodology, we conducted in-depth interviews with the people living in the neighborhood, made observations in the neighborhood and took photographs. The author＇s work is about the reflections of nostalgia in their family histories and experiences of different categories of families living in the area referring life story narratives. As far as the author can see in each group he works on, there are different contradictions related to their position in the city and conception of the area. The urban transformation presented and is perceived as a fortune for all of them, but it will have contradictory outcomes in reality for each as indicated in other examples in the world.

A Longitudinal Study of Job Satisfaction Among Flemish Professional Journalists

The focus of this paper is on the job satisfaction among the population of professional Flemish journalists by means of two surveys conducted in 2003 （N = 1,026） and 2008 （N = 682）. Both surveys focus on intrinsic and extrinsic variables linked to job satisfaction as well as on several predictors of job satisfaction such as type of contract, job function, age, and gender. The longitudinal perspective allows us to identify any evolutions or differences in satisfaction between 2003 and 2008. By taking into consideration previous mentioned predictors also the influence of external elements on job satisfaction can he researched. The 2003 and 2008 surveys suggest that the ＂average＂ Flemish professional journalist is fairly satisfied with the job content. However, we observe a slightly negative but non-significant shift occurring in 2008. The degree of job satisfaction seems to he related to the type of contract （freelance or employed on a permanent basis） and the job function. We noticed also a clear gender element in the discussion： Female journalists are not less satisfied but state to have more difficulties to combine the journalistic job with a private and family life.

Religious Experiences of Life After Death in Buha and Unyamwezi Cosmologies, Western Tanzania

Ideas of life after death dominate African religious practices in the societies. The people of Buha and Unyamwezi in Western Tanzania maintained the relationship with the departed ancestors to address issues arising from the living members of the family, clan and the society at large. With exception of theologians and cultural anthropologists, ideas on life after death have not attracted attention of African historians. In this paper I envisage the ideas of life after death from a historical perspective using Buha and Unyamwezi as illustrative cases. I argue that issues of life after death are historically grounded and involve the interplay of natural and human-induced forces. This study relies on both archival and oral sources that I collected between 2011 and 2012. I employ a comparative approach to provide an account of how issues on life after death have had impacts on the lives of the people in Western Tanzania.

Family Lifestyle and Housing Preferences during the Process of Globalization： The Case of Turkey

Although the fundamental physical role of housing is safety and sheltering for individuals, it is in fact the collection of places that hold the family together. Due to globalization and changes in the world, housing is no longer only a structure that provides sheltering but is also a factor that provides mutual interaction in formation of life style and quality. The elements such as the increase in the effect of consumption preferences and life style on selections, the changes in family structure, and urban structures also influence the residences used and housing preferences. The purpose of this study is to determine the general situation of housing preferences while taking into account the family life style in Turkey and at the same time to make an evaluation based on international publications.

On the Differences of Sino-US Views on Family From Pushing Hands

Nowadays, multinational marriages are more and more widespread, especially between China and the West. However, a prevailing phenomenon is that due to the differences of China-West family values, it has caused irreconcilable conflicts of culture, which undoubtedly becomes the stumbling block of cross-cultural communication. Pushing Hands （1991） is a typical movie reflecting the cultural conflicts of Sino-US families, from which we can see all kinds of inadaptations in family life caused by cultural differences. Combined with Pushing Hands, this paper compares the differences of Sino-US views on families and analyzes the causes for these differences. Such an analysis will reinforce the English learners＇ understanding of cultural differences and improve their ability of cross-cultural communication.

读者之声

不能为猎奇而失实1987年10月24日《四川日报》《天府周末》的《神秘的430公里处》一文,最初刊登在1987年4月18日《中国交通报》上。据《中国交通报》8月5曰载,此文刊登后引起了人们的关注,纷纷写信问原因,对行驶在"兰新"公路上的司机造成心理恐惧。并刊登了郑炜航《"430"之谜子虚乌有,过往司机请放心》,全面介绍了430公里处的情况,揭示了430公里处并没有什么"神秘"之处,也未发生"神"文中描绘的那些"车毁人亡","三天内有二十四五辆车在这一带公路上倾覆"的事。使"430"真相大白。《家庭与生活报》1987年9月22日也转登了《神秘的"430"》,后来作了必要的更正。《四川日报》又再次刊登这篇失实的文章。一篇不实的文章为何能受到如此多编辑的青睐,关键该文的"奇",编辑的猎奇。

Partnerships for Success： An Evaluation of Head to Toe, a Family Centered Childhood Obesity Intervention that Partners with an Obesity Clinic

The prevalence of childhood obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States and as of 2014 its prevalence among children ages two to 19 was 17.0%. Without intervention, obese children are at risk for negative health consequences and for the increased likelihood of staying obese through adulthood. St. Louis Children＇s Hospital provides HTT （Head to Toe）, an interactive 12-session fimess, nutrition, and social well-being class focuses on adopting healthier lifestyles through daily exercise, and proper nutrition. One program referral method is through a partnership with the hospital＇s HSC （Healthy Start Clinic）, a multi-disciplinary obesity clinic. Pretest and posttest assessments are used to measure changes in body metrics, health behaviors, knowledge, readiness to change, and self-concept. Between August 2011 and May 2016, 485 children and at least one parent or guardian with them were enrolled in the program, and up to 235 children completed at least one pretest- or post-assessment. Analysis determined multiple statistically significant improvements in body metrics, health behaviors, knowledge, including questions related to nutrition and food guidelines, readiness to change assessment, and self-concept. Total knowledge increased by 22%; questions related to nutrition increased by 28.2%, social emotional by 18.9% and physical activity by 17.8%. Findings suggest that the Head to Toe program is effective in improving nutrition, physical activity, social emotional knowledge and behaviors among participants. Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic and creating a relationship with a pediatric obesity clinic can increase the total number of children and teens that are introduced to weight management programs.

Cities Make Life Better:Hukou and Household Satisfaction about Life

This paper examines the relationship between a change of hukou and househoM satisfaction about life based on large-sample China Family Panel Studies （CFPS） data. As horizontally shown by cross-section data, significant hukou identity differences exist in the subjective happiness of households reflected in life satisfaction. However, the traditional view that ＂rural residents are subjectively happier than urban residents＂ is not verified in this study. From a vertical perspective of tracing data, the estimation results of the DID model and the PSM model indicate that a change of hukou identity for rural residents has a significantly positive effect on their subjective happiness, lending credence to the saying that ＂cities make life better＂.

Research on the mental health condition of the elderly under the institution for the aged

After entering the aging society, the pension problem of the elderly population has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current and future social life of our country. The rapid growth of the elderly population will inevitably bring about changes in the family structures, which leads to the inevitable development trend of the old-age pension institutions for the elderly. With the progress of the society, the needs of the elderly for the old-age pension are not only satisfied with their life care, but also with the spiritual needs. Based on the planning contents of the 13th Five-Year Plan for the elderly, on the basis of the Maslow＇s demand level theory, this paper analyzes the present status of the services of the institutions for the elderly to the elderly psychological health, and concludes that the needs of the emotions of the elderly, the needs of their self-esteem, the needs of their self-realization and their physiological needs of the elderly and their security needs are equally important.

The Scenes of the Obscene in Contemporary Turkish Art

In contemporary Turkish art, topics or items considered obscene by society are being carried out by a number of artists with protest, agitation, anti-propaganda, or strike purposes. Issues that are often seen in social life such as domestic violence, honour killings, rape, gender discrimination, intolerance against minority groups generate some artists＇ main theme in their work. Certain circles do not show any reaction to such social wounds, or even support. These circles that have no discomfort in the existence of these wounds get disturbed when they face these social realities through artistic activities. These artists are subject to threats or even physical attacks by such groups. In this paper, Turkish artists, namely Sukran Moral, Taner Ceylan, and Nezaket Ekici who make use of such obscene scenes in their works, will be analyzed including their performances, reactions, and attitudes toward threats and attacks.

Empathic Design： A Study of Media Information Concept Design and The Virtual Home

This research tried to propose possible ways to resolve the paper over-consumption issues. The nature resources have been over used all the time. How we used the technologies to solve environmental problems has become an essential issue. How we could develop a prosperous vision for the future is even critical to solving design problems. The research methods used are literature reviews and conception design with empathy. This paper also tried to discuss various issues from different aspects. Nowadays, we have been influenced by technologies in our daily life. Even our cultures, life styles, and behavior, etc. are deeply changed. However, there are few ways we need to think what will happen in the future and how we could imagine possible ways to solve all of these problems. This research has proposed The Virtual Home （T.V.H.）, which is a way to change the mass media dissemination and information control. The T.V.H. designed with some functions is trying to centralize all kind of mass media and help save natural resources.