苏北乡土文学创作的崛起——评叶炜的《富矿》《后土》

《富矿》、《后土》是新时期乡土题材创作的代表作,作品的"骨头"是农业文明与工业文明两种文明的冲突,"肉"是苏北农村的社会生活。两部作品明写农村的现代化,暗写农村现代化进程中社会生活的暗流、潜流,同时书写了现代化进程中农村生活的"常"与"变",以叶炜为代表的苏北乡土文学创作标志着新时期乡土文学创作的崛起。

乡土中国的第三种书写——论长篇小说《富矿》的思想内蕴和悲悯情怀

70后作家叶炜追寻着艺术的自觉,五年磨一剑,创作的长篇小说《富矿》成功入围第八届茅盾文学奖。本文从中国乡土的第三种状态的书写、独辟蹊径的切入视角和对生态文明及人性心灵的关照来探讨叶炜《富矿》中的思想内蕴和悲悯情怀。

命运的轮回——浅谈《富矿》的精神内涵

叶炜的长篇小说《富矿》以矿区历史兴衰巨变的书写,通过众多个性鲜明的女性形象的塑造,展现了现代文明对乡村文明的冲击及影响。其创作对社会转型期乡村现代化进程进行反思,对自然、人性进行了深入反省。论文在分析《富矿》女性形象的基础上,指出了叶炜《富矿》创作的精神指向。

Atmospheric oxygen-rich direct leaching behavior of zinc sulphide concentrate

The leaching behavior of main metallic sulphides in zinc concentrate under atmospheric oxygen-rich direct leaching conditions was studied through mineralogical analysis. The results show that the sulphides dissolve obviously except pyrite. Based on the relationship between elemental sulfur and the residual sulphides in the leaching residue, the dissolution of sphalerite, chalcopyrite, covellite and galena is assumed to follow the indirect oxidation reactions, where the acidic dissolution takes place firstly and then the released H2S transfers from the mineral surface into bulk solution and is further oxidized into elemental sulfur. The interface chemical reaction is further supposed as the controlling step in the leaching of these sulphides. The direct electrochemical oxidation reactions are assumed to contribute to the dissolution of pyrrhotite, which is controlled by the diffusion through elemental sulfur layer.

Theory analysis and vestigial information of surface relaxation of natural chalcopyrite mineral crystal

X-ray diffraction was used to measure the unit cell parameters of chalcopyrite crystal.The results showed that the chalcopyrite crystal is perfect,and the arrangement of its atoms is regular.A qualitative analysis of molecular mechanics showed that surface relaxation causes the chalcopyrite surface to be sulfur enriched.Atomic force microscope（AFM） was used to obtain both a microscopic three-dimensional topological map of chalcopyrite surface and a two-dimensional topological map of its electron cloud.The AFM results revealed that the horizontal and longitudinal arrangements of atoms on the chalcopyrite surface change dramatically compared with those in the interior of the crystal.Longitudinal shifts occur among the copper,iron and sulfur atoms relative to their original positions,namely,surface relaxation occurs,causing sulfur atoms to appear on the outermost surface.Horizontally,AFM spectrum showed that the interatomic distance is irregular and that a reconstruction occurs on the surface.One result of this reconstruction is that two or more atoms can be positioned sufficiently close so as to form atomic aggregates.The lattice properties of these models were calculated based on DFT theory and compared with the experimental results and those of previous theoretical works.On analyzing the results,the atomic arrangement on the（001） surface of chalcopyrite is observed to become irregular,S atoms move outward along the Z-axis,and the lengths of Cu—S and Fe—S bonds are enlarged after geometry optimization because of the surface relaxation and reconstruction.The sulfur-rich surface and irregular atomic aggregates caused by the surface relaxation and reconstruction greatly influence the bulk flotation properties of chalcopyrite.

Correlation Analysis between Quality Characteristics and Fruit Mineral Element Contents in 'Fuji' Apples

[Objective] The aims were to explore the relationship between the contents of fruit mineral elements and quality features of the ＇Fuji＇ apple, screen major mineral elements of the fruit affecting fruit quality features, and set up optimum proposals of fruit mineral elements for good fruit qualities, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable orchard soil and foliar fertilizer applications to increase fruit quality and reduce the physiological diseases related to the ＇Fuji＇ apple. [Methods] The fruit mineral elements and quality indicators of ＇Fuji＂ apples were in- vestigated and analyzed, which were collected from the 153 commercial apple or- chards of ＂Fuji＇ apple located in 51 counties. The variable importance for projection （VlP） of partial least squares regression （PLS） method was used to analyze the model effect and weight analysis impact of the fruit mineral element contents to fruit quality, screen out major factors of fruit mineral elements influencing the different fruit qualities, and set up the regression equation of the fruit qualities and major fruit mineral elements. Linear programming was used to obtain optimum proposals of the fruit mineral elements to achieve good ＇Fuji＇ apple qualities. [Results] The mineral elements content and quality characteristics in ＂Fuji＇ apple fruit had great differences in the different produce regions in which the maximum content of nitro- gen, iron, zinc and boron in the ＇Fuji＇ fruit were12.06, 6.17, 7.7, and 10.08 times greater than the minimum respectively, and the differences for titratable acid and the SSC/TA ratio were 2.33 and 2.16 times respectively. The correlation analysis between the fruit mineral element contents and qualities showed that the nitrogen content of fruit had a significantly negative correlation with the soluble solid content, SSC/TA ratio and red color area, while the calcium and iron contents in the fruit were in significantly positive correlation with the soluble solid content and SSC/TA ratio. The model effect and weight analysis showed that the content of nitrogen and iron in the fruit had a greater influence on the integral fruit quality, followed by phosphorus, potassium and calcium. The variable importance for projection （VlP） technology of PLS found that the mean fruit weight was primarily affected by nitro- gen, phosphorus and potassium, and the soluble solid was primarily affected by ni- trogen, calcium and iron, while the red color area was primarily affected by nitro- gen, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc. The regression equation between fruit quality and mineral element contents showed that the mean fruit weight had a greater pos- itive effect coefficient with the content of phosphorus and potassium, and a greater negative effect coefficient with the content of nitrogen in the fruit. Moreover, the sol- uble solid had the largest negative effect coefficient with nitrogen and largest posi- tive effect coefficient with calcium and iron in the fruit. [Conclusion] The maximum content of soluble solid and titratable acid were 1.5 times more than the minimum, and nitrogen, iron, zinc and boron were 6 times more than in the ＇Fuji＇ apple fruit in the different produce regions. Therefore, it is a key technological measure to improve the overall qualities of the ＂Fuji＇ apple by decreasing the content of nitrogen, and increasing the contents of iron, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in the fruit.

Enrichment and separation of iron minerals in gibbsitic bauxite residue based on reductive Bayer digestion

The mineralogical characteristics of three kinds of gibbsitic high-iron bauxite and the effects of various digestion conditions on the enrichment and separation of iron minerals were investigated. The results show that adding an appropriate organic reductant such as glycerol can promote the digestion of concomitant diaspore, boehmite and alumogoethite as well as the conversion of goethite to hematite in the reductive Bayer digestion. Processing Bauxite A with A/S of 25.41 can directly produce qualified iron concentrates(TFe>56%) by the reductive Bayer digestion, and thus realize the zero red mud discharge. For Bauxite B and Bauxite C with A/S of 7.82 and 3.35, the iron recoveries of 65.13% and 79.13% can be achieved with the corresponding TFe of 52.05% and 50.16% in the iron concentrates by gravity separation, respectively, resulting in the red mud discharge reduction of ~50% or above.

Diversity of microbial community at acid mine drainages from Dachang metals-rich mine, China

Two acid mine drainage(AMD)samples TS and WK,which were from the Dachang metals-rich mine in Guangxi province,China,were studied using PCR-based cloning approach.A total of 44 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were obtained from the two AMD samples.However,only three OTUs(GXDC-9,GXDC-19 and GXDC-50)detected in sample TS can also be observed in sample WK.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the bacteria in the two samples fell into four putative divisions,which were Nitrospira,Alphaproteobacteria,Gamaproteobacteria,and Acidobacteria.Organisms of genuses Acidithiobacillus and Leptospirillum,which were in gamaproteobacteria class and Nitrospira family,were dominant in two samples,respectively.In sample TS,which was characterized by low pH,high sulfate,high iron,and high arsenide,two species(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans)constituted 98.22% of the entire microbial community.Compared with sample TS,the microbial community in sample WK was more diversified according to the observation.Interestedly,the Legionella species,which was rarely observed in the low-pH environment,was detected in sample WK.This work helps us to further understand the diversity of microbial community living in extreme acid mine drainages with unique geochemistry and the tolerance capability of acidophiles to heavy metal.

Simultaneous electrogenerative leaching of chalcopyrite concentrate and MnO_2

In order to enhance the electrogenerative leaching rate of chalcopyrite concentrate reasonably, the principle of generative process was applied to simultaneous leaching of chalcopyrite concentrate and MnO2. The results show that Cu^2＋ and Mn^2＋ in addition to electrical energy could be acquired in the simultaneous electrogenerative leaching process. The leaching cell has the open circuit potential of about 1.0 V and gains quantity of electricity of about 700 C. The optimum leaching rates of Cu^2＋ and Mn^2＋ are 23.10% and 22.1%, respectively after electrogenera- tive leaching for about 10 h under the present conditions.

Obstacle performance of cobalt-enriching crust wheeled mining vehicle

A cobalt-enriching crust mining vehicle with four independent driven wheels was proposed. The influence of center-of-gravity position of mining vehicle on obstacle performance was studied. The results show that the mining vehicle has optimal obstacle performance with center-of-gravity position in the middle of suspension. A virtual prototype based on ADAMS software was built and its obstacle performance was simulated. Simulation results show that the mining vehicle with four independent driven wheels has excellent obstacle performance, the maximum climbing capacity is no less than 30°, the maximal ditch width and shoulder height are no less than wheel radius of mining vehicle. Thus wheeled mining vehicle is feasible for cobalt-enriching crust commercial mining.

Mixture of ilmenite and high phosphorus iron ore smelted by oxygen-enriched top-blown smelting reduction

In order to reasonably utilize the abundant resources of high-phosphorus iron ore and ilmenite in China, the technology of top-blown smelting reduction with oxygen enrichment was used to smelt the mixed ore of high-phosphorus iron and ilmenite. The effect, which is related to basicity, reduction temperature, carbon-oxygen ratio and time of ventilated oxygen to iron recovery, dephosphorization rate, content of iron, phosphorus, sulfur and titanium in pig iron, was investigated in the experiment. The results show that an ideal outcome can be gained in condition of 6：4 ration on Mengqiao concentrate and Huimin iron ore, temperature of 1 500℃, basicity of 1.3, 1.0 on molar ration of carbon to oxygen, time of 10 min on blowing-oxygen. The outcome is that there is no foamy slag in generation, a good separation of slag and iron, iron recovery with 91.41%, content of phosphorus with 0.27% and tilanium content less than 0.001%, The atmosphere of strong oxidizing in the upper of reduction container and high potential of oxygen in the composition of slag in this technique bring phosphorus, titanium and silicon into slag, which ensures less content of impurity in pig iron.

Thermodynamic simulation of complex Pb-Bi concentrate oxidative bath smelting process

The element partitioning in a Pb-Bi concentrate oxygen-rich bath smelting process was studied using thermodynamic equilibrium simulation method. Effects of oxygen to feed ratio(OFR) and sulfur dioxide partial pressure(pSO2) on the partitionings of Bi, Pb, As, Sb, Cu and Ag were analyzed and compared with industrial data. The results suggested that the optimal OFR was between 6.3 and 6.8 kmol/t to maximize Bi, Pb, Cu and Ag partitioning in the metal phase. Further increase of OFR led to the drop of metal partitioning and increase of slag liquidus temperature. High pSO2 led to high deportment of Bi and Pb in the gas phase mainly in the form of sulfides, suggesting that a low pSO2 was conducive for reducing the dust ratio.

Application of reflux classifier with closely spaced inclined channels in pre-concentrate process of fine antimony oxide particles

In this work,the reflux classifier with closely spaced inclined channels is used as the pre-concentration facility to improve the separation efficiency before the shaking table separation.Three operating parameters of reflux classifier(RC)to pre-concentrate fine(0.023−0.15 mm)tailings of antimony oxide were optimized by response surface methodology(RSM)using a three-level Box-Behnken design(BBD).The parameters studied for the optimization were feeding speed,underflow,and ascending water speed.Second-order response functions were produced for the Sb grade and recovery rate of the concentrate.Taking advantage of the quadratic programming,when the factors of feeding,underflow and ascending water are respectively 225,30 and 133 cm^3/min,a better result can be achieved for the concentrate grade of 2.31% and recovery rate of 83.17%.At the same time,70.48% of the tailings with the grade of 0.20% were discarded out of the feeding.The results indicated that the reflux classifier has a good performance in dealing with fine tailings of antimony oxide.Moreover,second-order polynomial equations,ANOVA,and three-dimensional surface plots were developed to evaluate the effects of each parameter on Sb grade and recovery rate of the concentrate.

Simulation of Cobalt-Rich Crust’s Crushing Process Based on ANSYS

It is a great concern in international oceanology to mine cobalt-rich crust. At present, spiral mining head is regarded as the best crushing scheme. Based on the dynamic model of spiral mining head, the of cobalt crust’s crushing process was simulated with the ANSYS software. The material model of Johnson and Cook Plasticity, maximal princi- pal stress failure criterion, and eroding contact arithmetic were selected. At the same time, the influence of cutting depth, feed speed, rotational speed of mining head on torque and force subjected by mining head was taken into account. At last a computer simulation model of crushing process of cobalt crust was established. By analyzing simulation results, the relationships among these controllable process parameters, torque and force can be obtained, which will provide a technical reference for practical mining system.

Occurrence characteristics and enrichment regularity of indium in pyrite: A case study of Dachang tin ore-field

To reveal the occurrence state and enrichment regularity of the dispersed element indium in pyrite, the petrology,mineralogy, geochemistry, and mineral physics were researched detailedly. The results suggest that the structure of pyrite is mainlycomposed of massive structure, disseminated structure, vein structure, reticular structure, comb structure and so on. Generally, thepyrite coexists with sphalerite, marmatite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, galena, and arsenopyrite. And the texture of pyrite primarilyconsists of the metasomatic texture, solid solution texture, idiomorphic?hypidiomorphic granular texture, and disseminated texture.The content of indium in pyrite ranges from 0.491×10?6 to 65.1×10?6 with an average value of 14.38×10?6. Yet, the indium content inthe Gaofeng deposit is higher than that in the Dafulou and Tongkeng deposit, showing a particularly significant supernormalenrichment. Besides, the cadmium content in pyrite is also higher than other dispersed elements, and similarly the abnormalenrichment of cadmium in the Gaofeng deposit is also very significant. An obvious positive correlation exists between In and Cd, orTl, but a negative correlation between In and Re. It is difficult to find out a positive or negative correlation between In and Ga. Theelement zinc is of great importance to the enrichment of indium, which can possibly facilitate to the migration and crystallization of dispersed element indium.

Ra's Abdah of the north Eastern Desert of Egypt:the role of granitic dykes in the formation of radioactive mineralization,evidenced by zircon morphology and chemistry

Syenogranitic dykes in the north of Egypt's Eastern Desert are of geological and economic interest because of the presence of magmatic and supergene enrichment of radioactive mineralization. Zircon crystal morphology within the syenogranitic dykes allows precise definition of sub-alkaline series granites and crystallized at mean temperature of about 637 °C. The growth pattern of the zircons suggest magmatic and hydrothermal origins of radioactive mineralization. Hydrothermal processes are responsible for the formation of significant zircon overgrowth; high U-zircon margins might have occurred contemporaneously with the emplacement of syenogranitic dykes which show anomalous uranium(e U) and thorium(e Th) contents of up to 1386 and 7330 ppm, respectively.Zircon chemistry revealed a relative increase of Hf consistent with decreasing Zr content, suggesting the replacement of Zr by Hf during hydrothermal activity.Visible uranium mineralization is present and recognized by the presence of uranophane and autunite.

Properties of boron-rich slag separated from boron-bearing iron concentrate

In the present paper,the fundamental research on the properties of boron-rich slag melting separated from boron-bearing iron concentrate was performed.The melting and fluidity of B2O3–MgO–SiO2–FeO slag system,crystallization of separated boron-rich slag and factors on the extraction efficiency of boron-rich slag were systematically investigated.B2O3 content would heavily affect the melting and fluidity property of boron-rich slag.Generally,FeO could improve the melting and fluidity property of boron-rich slag.Boron-containing crystalline phase mainly precipitated in temperature range from 1200°C to 1100°C.Higher smelting temperature and B2O3 reduction ratio were negative for the extraction of boron.The cooling rate of 10–20°C/min was better for the crystallization of boron-containing crystalline phase.Based on the obtained experimental results,the optimum operating parameters for the development of pyrometallurgical boron and iron separation process and further boron-rich slag cooling process were proposed.

Preconcentration of rare earth elements from Iranian monazite ore by spiral separator using multi-response optimization method

The present work dealt with the preconcentration of rare earth elements in Saghand ore(Yazd province,Iran)which was achieved by Humphrey spiral using orthogonal optimization method after scrubbing the sample at 45%solid pulp density for 30 min.The pulp was diluted and was fed to a Humphrey spiral for upgrading.The process parameters considered were feed size,feed solids and feed rate,and Taguchi’s L9(34)orthogonal array(OA)was selected for optimization of the process.The results show that the feed rate and feed size were more significant than the other operation parameters of the process.It was also found that under optimal conditions,the concentrate grade of rare earth elements increased from2860 10 6to 6050 10 6and recovery reached to 58%.

Experimental study and numerical simulation of spread law for fire on tunnel

In order to research spread law and distribution law of temperature nearby fire sources on roadway in mine, according to combustion theory and other basic, the theory model of temperature attenuation was determined under unsteady heat-exchange between wind and roadway wall. The full-size roadway fire simulation experiments were carried out in Chongqing Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corporation. The development processes of mine fire and flow pattern of high temperature gas were analyzed. Experimental roadway is seen as physical model, and through using CFD software, the processes of mine fire have been simulated on computer. The results show that, after fire occurs, if the wind speed is less than the minimum speed which can prevent smoke from rolling back, then the smaller wind speed can cause smoke to roll back easily. Hot plume will lead to secondary disasters in upwind side. Because of roadway wall, hot plume released from roadway fire zone has caused the occurrence of the ceiling jet, and the hot plume has been forced down. Whereas, owing to the higher temperature, buoyancy effect is more obvious. Therefore, smoke rises gradually along the roadway in the flow process, and the hierarchical interface appears wavy.Oxygen-enriched combustion and fuel-enriched combustion are the two kinds of combustion states of fire. The oxygen content of downwind side of fire is maintained at around 15% for oxygen-enriched combustion, and the oxygen content of downwind side of fire is maintained at around 2% for fuel-enriched combustion. Furthermore, fuel-enriched combustion can lead to secondary disasters easily.

Fractionation characteristics of rare earth elements(REEs) linked with secondary Fe, Mn, and Al minerals in soils

Soil secondary minerals are important scavengers of rare earth elements(REEs) in soils and thus affect geochemical behavior and occurrence of REEs. The fractionation of REEs is a common geochemical phenomenon in soils but has received little attention, especially fractionation induced by secondary minerals. In this study, REEs(La to Lu and Y) associated with soil-abundant secondary minerals Fe-, Al-, and Mn-oxides in 196 soil samples were investigated to explore the fractionation and anomalies of REEs related to the minerals. The results show right-inclined chondrite-normalized REE patterns for La–Lu in soils subjected to total soil digestion and partial soil extraction. Light REEs(LREEs) enrichment features were negatively correlated with a Eu anomaly and positively correlated with a Ce anomaly. The fractionation between LREEs and heavy REEs(HREEs) was attributed to the high adsorption affinity of LREEs to secondary minerals and the preferred activation/leaching of HREEs.The substantial fractions of REEs in soils extracted byoxalate and Dithionite-Citrate-Bicarbonate buffer solutions were labile(10 %–30 %), which were similar to the mass fraction of Fe(10 %–20 %). Furthermore, Eu was found to be more mobile than the other REEs in the soils, whereas Ce was less mobile. These results add to our understanding of the distribution and geochemical behavior of REEs in soils, and also help to deduce the conditions of soil formation from REE fractionation.