论普鲁塔克的叙述立场——以《对传·菲洛波埃蒙与弗拉米尼努斯传》为中心

普鲁塔克《对传》叙述中展现着较为明显的希腊立场,尤以《菲洛波埃蒙与弗拉米尼努斯传》为典型。这篇传记主要取材于希腊史家波利比奥斯的相关著述,但对两位传主形象的塑造表达了更强烈的希腊文化认同和民族立场。普鲁塔克这一有别于波利比奥斯的叙述倾向,是罗马帝国初期希腊知识分子乡愁意识与民族情怀的真实写照,也呈现出当时希腊知识阶层对希腊文化和罗马统治的认知与心态变化。

A Multifunctional Chiral Metasurface with Asymmetric Transmission and Linear-Polarization Conversion

In this paper,a multifunctional chiral metasurface is presented to achieve asymmetric transmission(AT)and linear-polarization conversion(LPC).The designed metasurface consists of a cross swords-like shape and two holes in the lower side of the unit cell.In the frequency band from 8.3 GHz to 10.4 GHz,AT is realized with more than 90%efficiency and the same chiral metasurface transforms linear polarized wave into its orthogonal counterpart with high efficiency.For LPC,the polarization conversion ratio(PCR)is greater than 95%.The proposed metasurface is stable against the incident angles of striking electromagnetic(EM)waves up to 60°for both operations of AT and LPC.

Pollination Biology of Ficus hispida in the Tropical Rainforests of Xishuangbanna, China

Ficus hispida L. (Moraceae) is a remarkable species in the ecosystem of tropical rainforests in Xishuangbanna, China. The figs and fig_pollination wasps (Chalcidoidae: Agaonidae) are highly co_evolved mutualists that depend completely on each other for propagating descendants. Pollination of all fig species is done by fig wasps; their unique symbiotic associates, the fig wasps, cannot develop in anywhere except in the fig syconia. The present paper reports on the biology and flowering phenology of F. hispida , as well as the propagation character and pollination behavior of the fig wasps (Ceratosolen solmsi marchali Mayr) based on our observations in the rainforests of Xishuangbanna, southern Yunnan of China. F. hispida is a dioecious tree that annually blossoms and bears fruits 6-8 times, with four to five fruit_bearing peaks. The male trees produce pollen and provide fig wasps with reproductive havens, while the female trees produce fig seeds after pollination by the female wasps. Pollen of F. hispida cannot escape from the dehiscent anthers until they are disturbed by fig wasps. The female wasps open the anthers and collect pollen with their antennal scrapes, mandibles and legs, and then carry pollen to the female receptive syconia where fertilization takes place. Meanwhile, some of the female wasps lay eggs in the male receptive syconia. It takes about 3-67 min to search for the receptive syconia for pollination, and 15-23 h to enter the female receptive syconia. The number of female wasps entering a syconium has close relation with the impregnation and seed_bearing rate of female flowers, as well as the oviposition and reproduction rate of the fig wasps themselves. F. hispida is endowed with a relatively high level of seed bearing (54.1%-82.5%, average 73.8 %). The wasp oviposition rate on the male flowers is between 72.3% and 93.8% with a mean of 84.4%.

Solid-phase sintering process and forced convective heat transfer performance of porous-structured micro-channels

A solid-phase sintering process for the low-cost fabrication of composite micro-channels was developed. Three kinds of composite micro-channels with metallic porous structures were designed. The sintering process was studied and optimized to obtain porous-structured micro-channels with high porosity. The flow resistance and heat transfer performance in the composite micro-channels were investigated. The composite micro-channels show acceptable flow resistance, significant enhancement of heat transfer and dramatic improvement of flow boiling stability, which indicates a promising prospect for the application in forced convective heat transfer.

Reference information time delay estimation and compensation in transfer alignment

To reduce the error in transfer alignment caused by reference information delay,a time delay estimation method is developed based on least-squares curve fitting of the angular rate integration.First,the gyro sensor measurements of the main strapdown inertial navigation system（M-SINS） and the slave strapdown inertial navigation system（S-SINS） are recorded for a few seconds and the integration of the data is calculated.Then,the possible maximum range of the delay value is defined and the points of the curve at different intervals are moved.The square of the differences between the corresponding points are calculated.Finally,the delay estimation can be acquired by the least-squares curve fitting of the M-SINS and the S-SINS.A delay compensation method by local data shifting is also presented.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of delay estimation and indicate that the estimation accuracy is independent of the delay value.And the local data shifting compensation method can effectively reduce the errors of the transfer alignment caused by the reference information delay.

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF AXIAL SYMMETRICAL WALL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION FOR HOLLOW CYLINDER

Using the variable transformation method,the formulae of the axial symmetrical wall temperature distribution during steady heat conduction of a hollow cylinder are derived in this paper.The wall temperature distribution and the wall heat flux distribution in both axial and radial direction can be calculated by the temperature distribution of the liquid medium both inside and outside the cylinder with temperature changing in axial direction.The calculation results are almost consistent with the experience results.The applicative condition of the formulae in this paper consists with most of practice.They can be applied to the engineering calculation of the steady heat conduction.The calculation is simple and accurate.

Estimates of Heritability and Genetic Correlations for Growth Traits in Chinese Shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

[Objective] The aim was to estimate the heritability and genetic correlations of growth traits of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis so as to provide basis and technical parameters for the breeding and selecting of Chinese shrimp.[Method] 51 full-sib families（including 35 half-sib families）of the Chinese shrimp F.chinensis were obtained by artificial insemination.Four growth traits of these families were measured,including body length,cephalothorax length,abdorminal segment length and body weight.According to quantitative genetics theory,the heritability of each growth trait,genetic and phenotypic correlation among these traits was statistically studied.[Result] The heritability was 0.36-0.51 for body length,0.14-0.24 for cephalothorax length,0.25-0.50 for abdominal segment length,and 0.04-0.29 for body weight.High and positive genetic correlations were obtained among growth traits.The genetic correlation between body weight and abdominal segment length was the highest（0.92）,followed by body length and abdominal segment length（0.91）,body length and body weight（0.88）,body weight and cephalothorax length（0.87）,abdominal segment length and cephalothorax length（0.86）,while the genetic correlation between body length and cephalothorax length was the lowest（0.83）.[Conclusion] The phenotypic correlation of body length,cephalothorax length,abdorminal segment length and body weight of Chinese shrimp F.chinensis were from 0.80 to 0.90 with extremely significant difference（P0.01）among the four growth traits by t-test.

VIRTUAL TARGET DIFFERENTIAL GAME MIDCOURSE GUIDANCE LAW FOR HYPERSONIC CRUISE MISSILE BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK

For the high altitude cruising flight phase of a hypersonic cruise missile （HCM）, a relative motion mod- el between the missile and the target is established by defining virtual target and combining the theory of the dif- ferential geometry with missile motion equations. Based on the model, the motion between the missile and the tar- get is considered as a single target differential game problem, and a new open-loop differential game midcourse guidance law （DGMGL） is deduced by solving the corresponding Hamiltonian Function. Meanwhile, a new struc- ture of a closed-loop DGMGL is presented and the training data for back propagation neural network （BPNN） are designed. By combining the theory of BPNN with the open-loop DGMGL obtained above, the law intelligence is realized. Finally, simulation is carried out and the validity of the law is testified.

Initial Alignment Technique for SINS of Vehicles in the Moving State

An initial alignment technique for the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) of vehicles in the moving state is researched. By selecting an odometer as the system’s external sensor, the mathematical model for the alignment in the moving state is established and the observability of the system is analyzed. The results show that the SINS can successfully achieve the precision alignment in 10 min when the vehicle is moving toward the prearranged place after its staying for several seconds to perform the coarse alignment. The precision of alignment can also be improved in the moving state compared with that in the static state.

Experimental Study of Fouling on Heat Transfer Surface During Forced Convective Heat Transfer

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the fouling process of calcium carbonate on the heat transfer surface, during forced convective heat transfer. The dynamic monitoring apparatus of fouling resistance was set up for the present experiments. The fouling behavio（s were examined under different factors including fluid velocity, hardness,alkalinity, solution temperature, and wall temperature. Asymptotic fouling curves varying with time were obtained. The fouling rate and asymptotic fouling resistance increased and the induction periods were shortened with the fluid velocity decreasing, hardness andalkalinity increasing, and solution temperature and heat transfer surface temperature increasing. Thecomponents of fouling that formed on the heat transfer surface included crystallization fouling and particulate fouling. The thermal performance parameter of fouling,ρfhf, varied from 380 to 2600 kg·W·（m^4·K）^-1, increasing with growing velocity and decreasing solution temperature, hardness or alkalinity. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of fouling, λf, varied from 1.7 to 2.2 W·（m·K）^-1 .

NUMERICAL STUDY ON NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER INSIDE RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE FILLED WITH ANISOTROPIC POROUS MEDIA

Natural convection heat transfer inside horizontal rectangular enclosure filled with the anisotropic porous media, with isothermally heated bottom and cooled top while the vertical walls are adiabatic, is analyzed numerically by applying the Brinkman model-a modified form of Darcy model giving consideration to the viscous effect. The results show that: (1)the permeability ratio (K*=Ky/Kx) is an important factor affecting natural convection heat transfer in the porous media. As K' decreases, the circulation intensity of the natural convectioncells increase significantly, resulting in an enhancement of heat transfer coefficient; (2)the increase of Darcy number (aa=Ky/H2) implies that the viscous effect is more significant. As Da≥10-, there exists a certain difference between the Darcy model and the Brinkman model. It is more significant at a lower permeability ratio. In particalar, with K*≤0. 25, the Nusselt number for Da=10-3 would differ form that of Darcy model up to an amount of 30K. The Darcy flow as depicted by Darcy model is no longer existing and an analysis neglecting the viscous effect will inevitably be of considerable error.

Controlled Teleportation of Multi-qudit Quantum Information by Entanglement Swapping

In this paper, we present a scheme for teleporting multi-qudit quantum state, from the sender Alice to the receiver Charlie via many controllers Bobs, whose control parameters are obtained using entanglement swapping of maximally d-dimensional EPR pair. In our scheme, Yang＇s qutrit controlled teleportation protocol [Commun. Theor. Phys. 49 （2008） 338] based on Bell-state entanglement swapping is generalized to the qudit case. The scheme of multi-qudit owns the advantage of having higher code capacity and better security than that of multi-qutrit.

Heat transfer analysis and experimental study of unequal diameter twin-roll casting process for fabricating Cu/Al clad strips

Unequal diameter twin-roll casting(UDTRC)can improve the formability,surface conditions,and production efficiency during the fabrication of clad strips.Using Fluent software,a numerical simulation is used to study the asymmetric heat transfer characteristics of Cu/Al clad strips fabricated by UDTRC.The effects of roller velocity ratio,Cu strip thickness,and inclination angle on the kissing point position,as well as the entire temperature distribution are obtained.The heat transfer model is established,and the mechanism is discussed.The Cu strip and rollers are found to be the main causes of asymmetric heat transfer,indicating that the roller velocity ratio changes the liquid zone proportion in the molten pool.The Cu strip thickness determines the heat absorption capacity and the variations in thermal resistance between the molten Al and the big roller.The inclination angle of the small roller changes the cooling time of big roller to molten Al.Moreover,the microstructure of Al cladding under different roller velocity ratios is examined.The results show significant grain refinement caused by the shear strain along the thickness direction of Al cladding and the intense heat transfer at the moment of contact between the metal Al cladding and Cu strip.

Probabilistic Teleportation of n-Particle State via n Pairs of Entangled Particles

The teleportation of an arbitrary n-particle state is proposed when n pairs of entangled particles are utilized as quantum channels. It can be successfully realized with a certain probability which is determined by the smallest coefficients of n entangled pairs. Using a Latin square of order 2n, explicit expressions of two unitary operations corresponding to different Bell-basis measurements performed by Alice can be obtained at the end of Bob.

Thermal performance analysis of building construction with insulated walls in summer days and nights

In the present study,the insulation mechanism of building walls during the summer days and nights is investigated with a realistic approach to enhance their performance.A fiber layer,as a porous medium with air gaps,is used along the wall layers to decrease the energy loss.Meanwhile,the radiation heat flux variation during five days in a row has been considered for each side of the building,and it is tried to reach the optimum values for geometrical factors and find suitable insulation for each side of the building.A lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) based code is developed to simulate the actual chain of the heat transfer which consists of radiation,conduction,forced and natural convection combination within wall layers including fiber porous insulation.The results indicate that for the current insulation model,the effect of natural convection on the heat transfer is not negligible and the existence of the porous layer has caused a positive impact on the heat loss reduction by decreasing the circulation speed.Also,by using the optimum location and thickness for the insulation layer,it is showed that each side of the building has different rates of energy loss during a day,and for the appropriate insulation,they need to be evaluated separately.

Mixed convective heat and mass transfer analysis for peristaltic transport in an asymmetric channel with Soret and Dufour effects

The present investigation addresses the simultaneous effects of heat and mass transfer in the mixed convection peristaltic flow of viscous fluid in an asymmetric channel. The channel walls exhibit the convective boundary conditions. In addition, the effects due to Soret and Dufour are taken into consideration. Resulting problems are solved for the series solutions. Numerical values of heat and mass transfer rates are displayed and studied. Results indicate that the concentration and temperature of the fluid increase whereas the mass transfer rate at the wall decreases with increase of the mass transfer Biot number. Furthermore, it is observed that the temperature decreases with the increase of the heat transfer Biot number.

ZResponse to selection,heritability and genetic correlations between body weight and body size in Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

To quantify the response to selection, heritability and genetic correlations between weight and size ofLitopenaeus vannamei, the body weight （BW）, total length （TL）, body length （BL）, first abdominal segment depth （FASD）, third abdominal segment depth （TASD）, first abdominal segment width （FASW）, and partial carapace length （PCL） of 5-month-old parents and of offspring were measured by calculating seven body measurings of offspring produced by a nested mating design. Seventeen half-sib families and 42 full-sib families ofL. vannamei were produced using artificial fertilization from 2-4 dams by each sire, and measured at around five months post-metamorphosis. The results show that heritabilities among various traits were high： 0.515±0.030 for body weight and 0.394±0.030 for total length. After one generation of selection, the selection response was 10.70% for offspring growth. In the 5th month, the realized heritability for weight was 0.296 for the offspring generation. Genetic correlations between body weight and body size were highly variable. The results indicate that external morphological parameters can be applied during breeder selection for enhancing the growth without sacrificing animals for determining the body size and breed ability; and selective breeding can be improved significantly, simultaneously with increased production.

A Secure Trust Model for P2P Systems Based on Trusted Computing

Trust is one of the most important security requirements in the design and implementation of peer-to-peer （P2P） systems. In an environment where peers＇ identity privacy is important, it may conflict with trustworthiness that is based on the knowledge related to the peer＇s identity, while identity privacy is usually achieved by hiding such knowledge. A trust model based on trusted computing （TC） technology was proposed to enhance the identity privacy of peers during the trustworthiness evaluation process between peers from different groups. The simulation results show that, the model can be implemented in an efficient way, and when the degree of anonymity within group （DAWG） is up to 0.6 and the percentage of malicious peers is up to 70%7 the service selection failure rate is less than 0.15.

Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Rectangular Flat Plate by an Impinging Jet in Cross Flow

Experiments were carried out to study the heat transfer performance of an impinging jet in a cross flow.Several parameters including the jet-to-cross-flow mass ratio(X=2%-8%), the Reynolds number(Red=1434-5735)and the jet diameter(d=2-4 mm) were explored. The heat transfer enhancement factor was found to increase with the jet-to-cross-flow mass ratio and the Reynolds number, but decrease with the jet diameter when other parameters maintain fixed. The presence of a cross flow was observed to degrade the heat transfer performance in respect to the effect of impinging jet to the target surface only. In addition, an impinging jet was confirmed to be capable of enhancing the heat transfer process in considerable amplitude even though the jet was not designed to impinge on the target surface.