The challenge to increase the efficiency in food production level in Nigeria appears to be more urgent now than it has ever been in the history of the country. This is in view of the rapidly increasing population, the...The challenge to increase the efficiency in food production level in Nigeria appears to be more urgent now than it has ever been in the history of the country. This is in view of the rapidly increasing population, the imminent decline in international economic and food aid and the need to conserve foreign exchange earnings through the production of raw materials to feed the growing industrial sector calls for urgent attention. The study was carded out in Ogun State. The descriptive statistics was used to determine the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. The stochastic frontiers production analysis was applied to estimate the technical, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency among the fish farmers in the state. The results of economic efficiency revealed that fish farming is economically efficient with a range of between 55% and 84% efficiency level suggesting a favourable hope for the agro-allied industry such as poultry and cottage industries etc in the state. The result of hypothesis of inefficiency sources models showed that years of experience of fish farmers is significant at 1% probability level indicating the factor contributing to the fish farming experience in the state. Thus, the efficiency is due to the fact that farmers are experienced and fairly educated. On the basis of findings, policy is suggested to be directed towards the encouragement of entrepreneurs in fish farming in the state by providing enabling environment like credit facilities, public enlightenment programme and provision of social amenities like feeder roads, pipe-born water etc and given the fact that an increase in the level of formal education variable leads to less inefficiency, government policy should be focused on adopting the best technology （e.g. fast growing species and equipment ） so as to improve the level of efficiency and investment which shall eventually lead to growth in output of fish fanning and a lead to the establishment of agro-allied industries in the state.展开更多
The research aimed to determine the effect of feed supplements of cassava （Manihot esculenta Crantz） leaves, gliricidia （Gliricidia sepeum） leaves and katuk （Sauropus androgynus （L.） Merr.） leaves on the hemat...The research aimed to determine the effect of feed supplements of cassava （Manihot esculenta Crantz） leaves, gliricidia （Gliricidia sepeum） leaves and katuk （Sauropus androgynus （L.） Merr.） leaves on the hematology of lactating buffalo. Four lactating buffaloes in Kanagarian Pamatang Panjang, Sijunjung district, West Sumatera, Indonesia were studied. The experiment used a Latin square design with four treatments and four replications/block. The treatments were control （without supplementary foliage, A）, with cassava leaves （B）, with gliricidia leaves （C） and with katuk leaves （D） each at 5 kg/haead/day. The hematology variables measured were erythrocytes and leucocytes counts, as well as levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. The results showed that supplementary foliage of 5 kg/head/day of cassava, gliricidia or katuk as leaves significantly increased the erythrocytes count and hemoglobin level, but did not affect the number of leucocytes in lactating buffalo.展开更多
This application note discusses the preliminary results of paleomagnetics studies of several incisions of the Paleozoic period the territory of Armenia and neighboring regions （Minor Caucasus）. It is supposed that b...This application note discusses the preliminary results of paleomagnetics studies of several incisions of the Paleozoic period the territory of Armenia and neighboring regions （Minor Caucasus）. It is supposed that before the Permian period the Armenian-lranian Mezocontinent was uniform with Afro-Arabia and only at the end of the late Paleozoic the formed Mesozoic ocean separated these areas from each other. A result of application of the complex laboratory investigations were identified from samples of primary magnetization the direction of which corresponds to the time of formation of the studied rocks. On the basis of paleomagnetic researches of Triassic, Permian, Devonian, Carbonian rocks a preliminary conclusion has been made about the dipole configuration of the geomagnetic field throughout Paleozoic. The comparison of the obtained data to paleomagnetic definitions of African, Arabian plates, Europe and the Siberian platform leads to the conclusion that the Minor Caucasus existed separately from the present general lithosphere blocks of Greater Caucasus and Europe.展开更多
The Niagara Escarpment,a 440-million-year-old landform,cuts through a property owned by the University of Toronto in Caledon,Ontario in Canada.The property juxtaposes impacts from historical quarrying activity which b...The Niagara Escarpment,a 440-million-year-old landform,cuts through a property owned by the University of Toronto in Caledon,Ontario in Canada.The property juxtaposes impacts from historical quarrying activity which burrowed directly into the Escarpment’s slope,the greater context of the region’s urban development demands,and the Escarpment’s identity as an ancient geological formation,ecological refugium,and old-growth forest housing ancient species such as Thuja occidentalis.This project explores the university’s responsibility in advocating for the protection of the Escarpment’s unique ecologic conditions,including the distinct cliff ecosystems and the novel successional plant communities evolving on sites of former quarry activities.Interventions on the trail system,cave bridges and lookouts,and the boardwalk and path system,along with guidance of signage and trail markers,will bring visitors to areas where former quarry activities sculptured the Escarpment’s limestone faces and are now reclaimed by a system of lush novel wetlands and habitats in evolutionary stages.Connecting to a system of existing public trails,this project leverages the university’s educational and recreational objectives to form new strategic partnerships with local conservancy groups,aiming at monitoring and managing access and habitat protection.展开更多
文摘The challenge to increase the efficiency in food production level in Nigeria appears to be more urgent now than it has ever been in the history of the country. This is in view of the rapidly increasing population, the imminent decline in international economic and food aid and the need to conserve foreign exchange earnings through the production of raw materials to feed the growing industrial sector calls for urgent attention. The study was carded out in Ogun State. The descriptive statistics was used to determine the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. The stochastic frontiers production analysis was applied to estimate the technical, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency among the fish farmers in the state. The results of economic efficiency revealed that fish farming is economically efficient with a range of between 55% and 84% efficiency level suggesting a favourable hope for the agro-allied industry such as poultry and cottage industries etc in the state. The result of hypothesis of inefficiency sources models showed that years of experience of fish farmers is significant at 1% probability level indicating the factor contributing to the fish farming experience in the state. Thus, the efficiency is due to the fact that farmers are experienced and fairly educated. On the basis of findings, policy is suggested to be directed towards the encouragement of entrepreneurs in fish farming in the state by providing enabling environment like credit facilities, public enlightenment programme and provision of social amenities like feeder roads, pipe-born water etc and given the fact that an increase in the level of formal education variable leads to less inefficiency, government policy should be focused on adopting the best technology （e.g. fast growing species and equipment ） so as to improve the level of efficiency and investment which shall eventually lead to growth in output of fish fanning and a lead to the establishment of agro-allied industries in the state.
文摘The research aimed to determine the effect of feed supplements of cassava （Manihot esculenta Crantz） leaves, gliricidia （Gliricidia sepeum） leaves and katuk （Sauropus androgynus （L.） Merr.） leaves on the hematology of lactating buffalo. Four lactating buffaloes in Kanagarian Pamatang Panjang, Sijunjung district, West Sumatera, Indonesia were studied. The experiment used a Latin square design with four treatments and four replications/block. The treatments were control （without supplementary foliage, A）, with cassava leaves （B）, with gliricidia leaves （C） and with katuk leaves （D） each at 5 kg/haead/day. The hematology variables measured were erythrocytes and leucocytes counts, as well as levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. The results showed that supplementary foliage of 5 kg/head/day of cassava, gliricidia or katuk as leaves significantly increased the erythrocytes count and hemoglobin level, but did not affect the number of leucocytes in lactating buffalo.
文摘This application note discusses the preliminary results of paleomagnetics studies of several incisions of the Paleozoic period the territory of Armenia and neighboring regions （Minor Caucasus）. It is supposed that before the Permian period the Armenian-lranian Mezocontinent was uniform with Afro-Arabia and only at the end of the late Paleozoic the formed Mesozoic ocean separated these areas from each other. A result of application of the complex laboratory investigations were identified from samples of primary magnetization the direction of which corresponds to the time of formation of the studied rocks. On the basis of paleomagnetic researches of Triassic, Permian, Devonian, Carbonian rocks a preliminary conclusion has been made about the dipole configuration of the geomagnetic field throughout Paleozoic. The comparison of the obtained data to paleomagnetic definitions of African, Arabian plates, Europe and the Siberian platform leads to the conclusion that the Minor Caucasus existed separately from the present general lithosphere blocks of Greater Caucasus and Europe.
文摘The Niagara Escarpment,a 440-million-year-old landform,cuts through a property owned by the University of Toronto in Caledon,Ontario in Canada.The property juxtaposes impacts from historical quarrying activity which burrowed directly into the Escarpment’s slope,the greater context of the region’s urban development demands,and the Escarpment’s identity as an ancient geological formation,ecological refugium,and old-growth forest housing ancient species such as Thuja occidentalis.This project explores the university’s responsibility in advocating for the protection of the Escarpment’s unique ecologic conditions,including the distinct cliff ecosystems and the novel successional plant communities evolving on sites of former quarry activities.Interventions on the trail system,cave bridges and lookouts,and the boardwalk and path system,along with guidance of signage and trail markers,will bring visitors to areas where former quarry activities sculptured the Escarpment’s limestone faces and are now reclaimed by a system of lush novel wetlands and habitats in evolutionary stages.Connecting to a system of existing public trails,this project leverages the university’s educational and recreational objectives to form new strategic partnerships with local conservancy groups,aiming at monitoring and managing access and habitat protection.
