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国家的文化相关性:一种人类学的国家解释路径——基于《尼加拉》的文本解读与理解
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作者 谷中原 李亚伟 《甘肃社会科学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第6期229-236,共8页
基于世界近现代史过程中西方国家所占据的支配地位,源于西方独特历史情境与文化脉络中的“现代国家”观念逐渐成为一种“普遍性知识”并形塑了大众对“国家”习以为常的理解。通过对格尔茨名著《尼加拉》的文本分析与解读,强调了国家在... 基于世界近现代史过程中西方国家所占据的支配地位,源于西方独特历史情境与文化脉络中的“现代国家”观念逐渐成为一种“普遍性知识”并形塑了大众对“国家”习以为常的理解。通过对格尔茨名著《尼加拉》的文本分析与解读,强调了国家在本体论层面所蕴含的文化逻辑——国家的形态、结构与特征“嵌入”于特定的社会文化脉络,国家本身就是一种“地方性文化”的具化表达。在这一认知框架下,“现代国家”不构成国家的唯一模板和标准,不同文化脉络中的国家会表现出多样化的形态、结构与特征。 展开更多
关键词 国家 文化逻辑 《尼加拉》 地方性知识
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《尼加拉:19世纪巴厘剧场国家》——文化的文本式阐释的一个范例 被引量:3
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作者 李昕 《西北第二民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》 CSSCI 2008年第2期114-118,共5页
《尼加拉:19世纪巴厘剧场国家》是阐释人类学家克利福德.格尔兹的经典之作,它是运用符号观点的文化定义对巴厘历史文化与现实所作的文本式阐释。它以一个容纳意义的文化符号系统解构巴厘文化,从而将巴厘古文明中的"尼加拉"在... 《尼加拉:19世纪巴厘剧场国家》是阐释人类学家克利福德.格尔兹的经典之作,它是运用符号观点的文化定义对巴厘历史文化与现实所作的文本式阐释。它以一个容纳意义的文化符号系统解构巴厘文化,从而将巴厘古文明中的"尼加拉"在现实的广阔图景中挖掘出来,全景式地再现于人类学家的民族志写作之中。 展开更多
关键词 《尼:19世纪巴厘剧场国家》 文化符号系统 文本式阐释
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历史学中的人类场域,人类学中的历史记忆——评《尼加拉:十九世纪巴厘剧场国家》
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作者 丁晓东 《西部学刊》 2021年第6期142-144,共3页
《尼加拉:十九世纪巴厘剧场国家》一直被认为是一部人类学世界名著,其实其既是人类学作品,也是历史学著作。从人类学角度反思,该著作的创作未完全遵循近距离经验宗旨,其采用深描法作为深层次观察与思考的切入方式,为解释19世纪巴厘岛上... 《尼加拉:十九世纪巴厘剧场国家》一直被认为是一部人类学世界名著,其实其既是人类学作品,也是历史学著作。从人类学角度反思,该著作的创作未完全遵循近距离经验宗旨,其采用深描法作为深层次观察与思考的切入方式,为解释19世纪巴厘岛上尼加拉王朝提供了人类学研究的路径指南;从历史学角度来看,该著作亦未单纯从历史研究视角出发,反而以人类学家的方式方法展开视野广阔的描述,把探讨推向历史现场,让我们切身去体会当年发生的一切人和事,俯察历史学中的人类场域。 展开更多
关键词 格尔茨 《尼:十九世纪巴厘剧场国家》 历史学 人类学
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格尔茨从“记”到“写”的民族志实践 被引量:3
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作者 宋红娟 《中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2014年第3期63-67,共5页
20世纪中后期,有关人类学民族志书写问题的讨论逐渐成为学科内热点话题之一,这实际上是在整个西方学术界认识论转向的影响下发生的。"记"和"写"代表民族志两种截然不同的写作概念,它们分别对应着两种认识论之下的... 20世纪中后期,有关人类学民族志书写问题的讨论逐渐成为学科内热点话题之一,这实际上是在整个西方学术界认识论转向的影响下发生的。"记"和"写"代表民族志两种截然不同的写作概念,它们分别对应着两种认识论之下的民族志写作模式。通过对格尔茨的两本民族志作品及其人类学理论的解读,可以清晰地看到人类学学科内的这种从"记"到"写"的民族志写作模式的转变。 展开更多
关键词 民族志 写作模式 “记” “写” 格尔茨 《爪哇的宗教》 《尼加拉》
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Soil seed bank assembly following secondary succession on abandoned agricultural fields in Nicaragua 被引量:3
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作者 Benigno González-Rivas Mulualem Tigabu +1 位作者 Guillermo Castro-Marín Per Christer Odén 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第4期349-354,I0006,共7页
The composition and density of seeds in soils of secondary forests derived on abandoned fields after 4, 9 and 14 years of aban- donment were quantified to examine whether the soil seed bank assembles during secondary ... The composition and density of seeds in soils of secondary forests derived on abandoned fields after 4, 9 and 14 years of aban- donment were quantified to examine whether the soil seed bank assembles during secondary succession as the plant communities assemble. A total of 18, 37 and 48 soil samples from 4-, 9- and 14-year old sites, respectively were collected in 15 cm × 15 cm plots up to 9 cm depth. A total of 3, 5 and 9 species were found on sites abandoned 4, 9 and 14 years ago, respectively, Among different life forms, trees were highly represented in the soil seed bank of 9-year (60%) and 14-year (33%) old sites compared to 4-year old site entirely dominated by non- woody flora. The total number of seeds ranged from 327 in the 4-year old site to 146 in the 14-year old site, and the corresponding density of viable seeds ranged from 141 seeds m^-2 in the 4- year old site to 26 seeds m^-2 in the 14-year old site with a consistent decreasing pattern in the chronosequence. The similarity between the soil seed flora and the standing woody vegetation was low for both 9- and 14-year old sites while complete dissimilarity was found for 4-year old site. We concluded that the species composition of soil seed banks assemble gradually during secondary succession, but the overall seed density is still low for natural regeneration of trees to rely on. To expedite the recovery of secondary forests on such abandoned fields, the seed bank needs to be supplemented by direct seeding, enrichment planting of desired species and installing artificial perches for facilitating seed dispersal. 展开更多
关键词 seed dispersal dry forest seed bank secondary succession RESTORATION Nicaragua
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Alarm cue induces an antipredator morphological defense in juvenile Nicaragua cichlids Hypsophrys nicaraguensis 被引量:2
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作者 Maria E.ABATE Andrew G. ENG Les KAUFMAN 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2010年第1期36-42,共7页
Olfactory cues that indicate predation risk elicit a number of defensive behaviors in fishes, but whether they are sufficient to also induce morphological defenses has received little attention. Cichlids are character... Olfactory cues that indicate predation risk elicit a number of defensive behaviors in fishes, but whether they are sufficient to also induce morphological defenses has received little attention. Cichlids are characterized by a high level of morphological plasticity during development, and the few species that have been tested do exhibit defensive behaviors when exposed to alarm cues released from the damaged skin of conspecifics. We utilized young juvenile Nicaragua cichlids Hypsophrys nicaraguensis to test if the perception of predation risk from alarm cue (conspecific skin extract) alone induces an increased relative body depth which is a defense against gape-limited predators. After two weeks of exposure, siblings that were exposed to conspecific alarm cue increased their relative body depth nearly double the amount of those exposed to distilled water (control) and zebrafish Danio rerio alarm cue. We repeated our measurements over the last two weeks (12 and 14) of cue exposure when the fish were late-stage juveniles to test if the rate of increase was sustained; there were no differences in final dimensions between the three treatments. Our results show that 1) the Nicaragua cichlid has an innate response to conspecific alarm cue which is not a generalized response to an injured fish, and 2) this innate recognition ultimately results in developing a deeper body at a stage of the life history where predation risk is high [Current Zoology 56 (1): 36-42, 2010]. 展开更多
关键词 Alarm substance Inducible defense Phenotypic plasticity CICHLID Chemical cue ANTIPREDATOR
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The reproductive biology of a Central American cichlid Neetroplus nematopus in Lake Xiloá ,Nicaragua 被引量:1
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作者 Kenneth R.McKAYE Jeremy HALE Eric P.van den BERGHE 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2010年第1期43-51,共9页
This study was conducted to provide a five-year database on the breeding seasonality and breeding biology of a Central American cichlid fish Neetroplus nematopus, a biparental substratum-spawning cichlid that cares fo... This study was conducted to provide a five-year database on the breeding seasonality and breeding biology of a Central American cichlid fish Neetroplus nematopus, a biparental substratum-spawning cichlid that cares for its eggs, wrigglers, and fry for up to six weeks. A total of 503 breeding pairs were monitored for breeding success. Breeding pairs of N. nematopus are sexually dimorphic in size, with females averaging 39% of male body mass. Fry emerged from 85% of nesting cavities. After three weeks, only 30% of the broods were present in the nesting cavity; these broods had a 30% survival rate, giving a 9% overall survival rate. Nineteen percent of the successful parents with three-week-old broods adopted foreign fry. A consistent unimodal breeding peak in December was observed for five years. This breeding peak differed dramatically from the bimodal breeding season 20 years found in the 1970s. The effects of extensive grenade fishing practices during the 1980s might have played a substantial role in the observed change. Grenade fishing stopped in 1991, and the number ofN. nematopus pairs increased by 136% from 1990 to 1995. With increased density of breeding fish, the breeding season for this species also expanded. The balance between divergent selection due to competition for breeding sites and stabilizing selection due to predation pressure on offspring is likely to mold the breeding season for N. nematopus and other cichlids of Lake Xilofi. We suggest that brood adoption and synchrony of breeding is a strategy to reduce predation on the parent's own young [Current Zoology 56 (1): 43-51 2010]. 展开更多
关键词 Nicaragua CICHLIDS BREEDING REPRODUCTION Synchrony SEASONALITY
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Natural regeneration dynamics of three dry deciduous forest species in Chacocente Wildlife Reserve, Nicaragua
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作者 Guillermo Castro Marin Mulualem Tigabu +1 位作者 Benigno Gonzalez Rivas Per Christer Oden 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第1期1-6,共6页
A study was conducted to examine the natural regeneration of three dry forest species, Lysiloma divaricatum (Jacq.), Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) and Lonchocarpus minimiflorus (Donn. Sin.) over a three-year period ... A study was conducted to examine the natural regeneration of three dry forest species, Lysiloma divaricatum (Jacq.), Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) and Lonchocarpus minimiflorus (Donn. Sin.) over a three-year period and to analyze heterogeneity of regeneration in relationship to topographic slope and incidence of light in Chacocente Wildlife Reserve in Nicaragua. Permanent sample plots were established in 2001, and all individuals with height as low as 10 cm and diameter as large as 10 cm were recorded for three consecutive years from 2001 to 2003. The results show that the density of naturally regenerated individuals varied significantly among species, as well as over time. L. minimiflorus and T. ochracea had higher densities compared with L. divaricatum, and the net change in population density was slightly positive for T. ochracea only. Regeneration was more abundant in the gentle and steep slopes under partial exposure of the crown to sunlight, thus resulting in aggregated pattern of distribution, especially for L. minimiflorus and T. ochracea. We concluded that natural regeneration alone is not sufficient to maintain the desired number of stocks of these species, and an immediate restoration measure should be taken to assist the natural regeneration process. 展开更多
关键词 Central America MORTALITY regeneration niche spatial pattern dry forest
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Economic efficiency in fish farming: hope for agro-allied industries in Niagara
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作者 R.O.KAREEM A.O.DIPEOLU +1 位作者 A.B.AROMOLARAN S.B.WILLIAMS 《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第1期104-115,共12页
The challenge to increase the efficiency in food production level in Nigeria appears to be more urgent now than it has ever been in the history of the country. This is in view of the rapidly increasing population, the... The challenge to increase the efficiency in food production level in Nigeria appears to be more urgent now than it has ever been in the history of the country. This is in view of the rapidly increasing population, the imminent decline in international economic and food aid and the need to conserve foreign exchange earnings through the production of raw materials to feed the growing industrial sector calls for urgent attention. The study was carded out in Ogun State. The descriptive statistics was used to determine the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. The stochastic frontiers production analysis was applied to estimate the technical, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency among the fish farmers in the state. The results of economic efficiency revealed that fish farming is economically efficient with a range of between 55% and 84% efficiency level suggesting a favourable hope for the agro-allied industry such as poultry and cottage industries etc in the state. The result of hypothesis of inefficiency sources models showed that years of experience of fish farmers is significant at 1% probability level indicating the factor contributing to the fish farming experience in the state. Thus, the efficiency is due to the fact that farmers are experienced and fairly educated. On the basis of findings, policy is suggested to be directed towards the encouragement of entrepreneurs in fish farming in the state by providing enabling environment like credit facilities, public enlightenment programme and provision of social amenities like feeder roads, pipe-born water etc and given the fact that an increase in the level of formal education variable leads to less inefficiency, government policy should be focused on adopting the best technology (e.g. fast growing species and equipment ) so as to improve the level of efficiency and investment which shall eventually lead to growth in output of fish fanning and a lead to the establishment of agro-allied industries in the state. 展开更多
关键词 Agro-allied industry EFFICIENCY stochastic production frontier Niagara
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The Hematology of Lactating Buffalo Fed Local Foliage as Feed Supplement
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作者 Elly Roza Salam Ningsih Aritonang Afriani Sandra 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2015年第10期839-845,共7页
The research aimed to determine the effect of feed supplements of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves, gliricidia (Gliricidia sepeum) leaves and katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) leaves on the hemat... The research aimed to determine the effect of feed supplements of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves, gliricidia (Gliricidia sepeum) leaves and katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) leaves on the hematology of lactating buffalo. Four lactating buffaloes in Kanagarian Pamatang Panjang, Sijunjung district, West Sumatera, Indonesia were studied. The experiment used a Latin square design with four treatments and four replications/block. The treatments were control (without supplementary foliage, A), with cassava leaves (B), with gliricidia leaves (C) and with katuk leaves (D) each at 5 kg/haead/day. The hematology variables measured were erythrocytes and leucocytes counts, as well as levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. The results showed that supplementary foliage of 5 kg/head/day of cassava, gliricidia or katuk as leaves significantly increased the erythrocytes count and hemoglobin level, but did not affect the number of leucocytes in lactating buffalo. 展开更多
关键词 Cassava leaves gliricidia leaves katuk leaves BUFFALO HAEMATOLOGY lactation.
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Some Results of Paleozoic Paleomagnetic Research
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作者 Minasyan Juliete 《Journal of Earth Science and Engineering》 2014年第11期703-708,共6页
This application note discusses the preliminary results of paleomagnetics studies of several incisions of the Paleozoic period the territory of Armenia and neighboring regions (Minor Caucasus). It is supposed that b... This application note discusses the preliminary results of paleomagnetics studies of several incisions of the Paleozoic period the territory of Armenia and neighboring regions (Minor Caucasus). It is supposed that before the Permian period the Armenian-lranian Mezocontinent was uniform with Afro-Arabia and only at the end of the late Paleozoic the formed Mesozoic ocean separated these areas from each other. A result of application of the complex laboratory investigations were identified from samples of primary magnetization the direction of which corresponds to the time of formation of the studied rocks. On the basis of paleomagnetic researches of Triassic, Permian, Devonian, Carbonian rocks a preliminary conclusion has been made about the dipole configuration of the geomagnetic field throughout Paleozoic. The comparison of the obtained data to paleomagnetic definitions of African, Arabian plates, Europe and the Siberian platform leads to the conclusion that the Minor Caucasus existed separately from the present general lithosphere blocks of Greater Caucasus and Europe. 展开更多
关键词 PALEOMAGNETIC magnetic field PALEOZOIC Afro-Arabian plates.
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Place in Movement:Tracing Human-Altered Landscapes Along the Niagara Escarpment
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作者 Adrienne MARIANO Jessica PALMER 《景观设计学(中英文)》 CSCD 2024年第4期94-100,共7页
The Niagara Escarpment,a 440-million-year-old landform,cuts through a property owned by the University of Toronto in Caledon,Ontario in Canada.The property juxtaposes impacts from historical quarrying activity which b... The Niagara Escarpment,a 440-million-year-old landform,cuts through a property owned by the University of Toronto in Caledon,Ontario in Canada.The property juxtaposes impacts from historical quarrying activity which burrowed directly into the Escarpment’s slope,the greater context of the region’s urban development demands,and the Escarpment’s identity as an ancient geological formation,ecological refugium,and old-growth forest housing ancient species such as Thuja occidentalis.This project explores the university’s responsibility in advocating for the protection of the Escarpment’s unique ecologic conditions,including the distinct cliff ecosystems and the novel successional plant communities evolving on sites of former quarry activities.Interventions on the trail system,cave bridges and lookouts,and the boardwalk and path system,along with guidance of signage and trail markers,will bring visitors to areas where former quarry activities sculptured the Escarpment’s limestone faces and are now reclaimed by a system of lush novel wetlands and habitats in evolutionary stages.Connecting to a system of existing public trails,this project leverages the university’s educational and recreational objectives to form new strategic partnerships with local conservancy groups,aiming at monitoring and managing access and habitat protection. 展开更多
关键词 Niagara Escarpment Industrial Heritage Abandoned Quarry Ecological Habitat GEOLOGY WETLAND Trail System
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