Members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP 15), have crucial roles in fecundity of sheep. Our previous investigation c...Members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP 15), have crucial roles in fecundity of sheep. Our previous investigation confirmed that the fecundity mutations of sheep presented in highly prolific White goat individuals of Guizhou province. To illuminate other polymorphisms in Bmpl5 and Gdfl) genes and the relationship of these mutations with function, we cloned and characterized the coding region of Bmp15 and Gdfl). Molecular models of BMP15 and GDF9 mature peptide of White goat were constructed based on the homology of human BMP7 experimental tertiary structure. Two exons encoded prepropeptide of 394 amino acids in BMPI5 and 453 residues in GDF9, respectively. Apart from the FecXs mutation (S99I) in BMP15 and V791 mutation in GDF9 confirmed in White goat previously, other seven and three polymorphism sites were detected from BMP15 and GDF9 mature peptides, respectively. S32G, N66H, S99I/P99I and G107R in BMP15 could be important for the binding of dimer to receptors. Changes of P78Q and V79I in GDF9 might affect the binding of dimer to receptor type t. Comparing the length of BMP 15 and GDF9 prepropeptide in vertebrates, an increase in length of BMP 15 presented along with the protein evolution from fish to mammal and the divergence of the N-terminus residues in matured BMP15 peptide might contribute to the sensitive control on the fertility of animal species with low ovulation rate. These findings gave a valuable explanation for the correlation of mutations in Bmpl5 and Gdfl) genes with the control on fecundity of White goat and supported the notion that they were the pivotal factors in female fertility of White goat in Guizhou province.展开更多
Surveys was conducted to study the population density and habitat utilization of the ibex (Capra ibex) in Tomur National Nature Reserve during October- December 2005. The results are as follows: ① The mean group s...Surveys was conducted to study the population density and habitat utilization of the ibex (Capra ibex) in Tomur National Nature Reserve during October- December 2005. The results are as follows: ① The mean group size of the ibex in Tomur Nature Reserve is 8.43 and the population density is 269.76/100 km^2; ② The ibex prefer areas with steep slope (between 30° -45°), broken substrates and cliffs nearby ( 〈 100 m). They avoid grasslands and fiat hillsides; ③The probable reason for this habitat selection is serf-protection.展开更多
Daytime activity budgets of feral goats ( Capra hircus ) were studied in 1981, 1982 and 2000 on the Isle of Rum, northwest Scotland. This paper analyzes the influence of key weather variables (temperature and rainf...Daytime activity budgets of feral goats ( Capra hircus ) were studied in 1981, 1982 and 2000 on the Isle of Rum, northwest Scotland. This paper analyzes the influence of key weather variables (temperature and rainfall) and seasonal variations in daylength on daytime activity budgets. This study showed that the percentage of daytime spent in feeding by feral goats on Rum Island decreased with average monthly temperature, while the percentage of daytime spent in lying increased and rainfall had no significant effects on the percentage daytime spent in feeding or lying. The daylength varied greatly from January to December with the longest daylength being in June and July, and the shortest one in December and January. The amount of daytime spent feeding decreased from summer to winter, although the percentage of daytime spent feeding increased greatly from summer to winter. The seasonal variations in daylength seem to be an important factor in constraining feral goats' activity, especially in the cold and wet winters when forage biomass and quality are both at their lowest level. We discuss the influence of such constraining effects on the forage intake of these goats and their winter survival rate, as well as its implication for population regulation of these goats.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to investigate the prevalence of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae in Qinghai Province. [Method] By using indirect hemagglutination test kit for detecting Mycoplasma capricolum subsp...[Objective] The aim was to investigate the prevalence of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae in Qinghai Province. [Method] By using indirect hemagglutination test kit for detecting Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae,208 goat serums were detected. [Result] The positive rate of goat sera was 16.3%,and the positive rate of sera from different regions ranged from 6.7% to 24.3%. [Conclusion] The infection rate of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae was high in Qinghai Province,so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of this disease.展开更多
Three Epimedium species, E. pubescens Maxim., E. sagittatum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim., and E. wushanense T. S. Ying, which are sympatrically distributed in the western Hubei Province, have been used in traditional Chi...Three Epimedium species, E. pubescens Maxim., E. sagittatum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim., and E. wushanense T. S. Ying, which are sympatrically distributed in the western Hubei Province, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for about 2,000 years. Genetic variability and population genetic structure of 11 natural populations of these Epimedium species were investigated using isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide slab gels. Of the 22 enzyme systems prescreened, six coding for 13 loci and 45 alleles were resolved, which were used for analyzing genetic diversity and population structure at both intraspecific and interspecific levels. The results showed that: l) high levels of genetic diversity were observed in all three species (A = 2.6-3.2, P = 69.2%-84.6%, Ho= 0.274-0.377, HE= 0.282-0.369), which were higher than that of other herbaceous and aulmal-pollinated species with similar life-history characteristics; 2) there was significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, with one half of the loci showing heterozygote excess and the other homozygote excess, in all populations, suggesting the complicated breeding system of Epimedium species; 3) the low level of intraspecific and interspecific genetic differentiation (GST= 0.0246-0.0409 and 0.0495-0.1213, respectively) indicated a high level of gene flow among populations and close genetic relationship among the three species; and 4) UPGMA cluster analysis further showed that E. pubescens was more closely related to E. sagittatum than to E. wushanense, which was in good agreement with the morphological characters and the recent phylogenetic analysis of these species. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the mixed breeding system, long-lived perennial life form, ancient evolutionary history, and seed dispersal by ants in Epimedium are responsible for the genetic variation and population structure of these species.展开更多
Introducing the 1S^1 chromosome of Aegilops longissima into wheat genome can significantly improve wheat grain quality and contents of iron and zinc. Therefore, the development of molecular markers specific to 1S^1 ch...Introducing the 1S^1 chromosome of Aegilops longissima into wheat genome can significantly improve wheat grain quality and contents of iron and zinc. Therefore, the development of molecular markers specific to 1S^1 chromosome of A. longissima is of important significance for breeding high-quality wheat with high contents of iron and zinc in grains. In this study, nine molecular markers specific to 1S^1 chromosome of A. longissima were developed, including two 1S^1S specific markers,six 1S^1L specific markers and one 1S^1 specific marker which was located on both short and long arms. The practicability of these molecular markers were verified using hybrid population as materials. The results showed that hybrid population could be effectively screened and identified, which indicated that the developed 1S^1 chromosome-specific molecular markers could be used for screening and identification of hybrid population and could be used in marker-assisted breeding of high-quality wheat with high contents of Fe and Zn in grains.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30560104)~~
文摘Members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP 15), have crucial roles in fecundity of sheep. Our previous investigation confirmed that the fecundity mutations of sheep presented in highly prolific White goat individuals of Guizhou province. To illuminate other polymorphisms in Bmpl5 and Gdfl) genes and the relationship of these mutations with function, we cloned and characterized the coding region of Bmp15 and Gdfl). Molecular models of BMP15 and GDF9 mature peptide of White goat were constructed based on the homology of human BMP7 experimental tertiary structure. Two exons encoded prepropeptide of 394 amino acids in BMPI5 and 453 residues in GDF9, respectively. Apart from the FecXs mutation (S99I) in BMP15 and V791 mutation in GDF9 confirmed in White goat previously, other seven and three polymorphism sites were detected from BMP15 and GDF9 mature peptides, respectively. S32G, N66H, S99I/P99I and G107R in BMP15 could be important for the binding of dimer to receptors. Changes of P78Q and V79I in GDF9 might affect the binding of dimer to receptor type t. Comparing the length of BMP 15 and GDF9 prepropeptide in vertebrates, an increase in length of BMP 15 presented along with the protein evolution from fish to mammal and the divergence of the N-terminus residues in matured BMP15 peptide might contribute to the sensitive control on the fertility of animal species with low ovulation rate. These findings gave a valuable explanation for the correlation of mutations in Bmpl5 and Gdfl) genes with the control on fecundity of White goat and supported the notion that they were the pivotal factors in female fertility of White goat in Guizhou province.
文摘Surveys was conducted to study the population density and habitat utilization of the ibex (Capra ibex) in Tomur National Nature Reserve during October- December 2005. The results are as follows: ① The mean group size of the ibex in Tomur Nature Reserve is 8.43 and the population density is 269.76/100 km^2; ② The ibex prefer areas with steep slope (between 30° -45°), broken substrates and cliffs nearby ( 〈 100 m). They avoid grasslands and fiat hillsides; ③The probable reason for this habitat selection is serf-protection.
文摘Daytime activity budgets of feral goats ( Capra hircus ) were studied in 1981, 1982 and 2000 on the Isle of Rum, northwest Scotland. This paper analyzes the influence of key weather variables (temperature and rainfall) and seasonal variations in daylength on daytime activity budgets. This study showed that the percentage of daytime spent in feeding by feral goats on Rum Island decreased with average monthly temperature, while the percentage of daytime spent in lying increased and rainfall had no significant effects on the percentage daytime spent in feeding or lying. The daylength varied greatly from January to December with the longest daylength being in June and July, and the shortest one in December and January. The amount of daytime spent feeding decreased from summer to winter, although the percentage of daytime spent feeding increased greatly from summer to winter. The seasonal variations in daylength seem to be an important factor in constraining feral goats' activity, especially in the cold and wet winters when forage biomass and quality are both at their lowest level. We discuss the influence of such constraining effects on the forage intake of these goats and their winter survival rate, as well as its implication for population regulation of these goats.
基金Supported by Special Program of National Science and Technology Basic Work (2008FY210200)Special Program of Gansu Agricultural Biotechnology (GNSW-2005-16)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigate the prevalence of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae in Qinghai Province. [Method] By using indirect hemagglutination test kit for detecting Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae,208 goat serums were detected. [Result] The positive rate of goat sera was 16.3%,and the positive rate of sera from different regions ranged from 6.7% to 24.3%. [Conclusion] The infection rate of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae was high in Qinghai Province,so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of this disease.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30570171), 100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 05045112), and Wuhan Chenguang Project (No. 20055003059-45).
文摘Three Epimedium species, E. pubescens Maxim., E. sagittatum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim., and E. wushanense T. S. Ying, which are sympatrically distributed in the western Hubei Province, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for about 2,000 years. Genetic variability and population genetic structure of 11 natural populations of these Epimedium species were investigated using isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide slab gels. Of the 22 enzyme systems prescreened, six coding for 13 loci and 45 alleles were resolved, which were used for analyzing genetic diversity and population structure at both intraspecific and interspecific levels. The results showed that: l) high levels of genetic diversity were observed in all three species (A = 2.6-3.2, P = 69.2%-84.6%, Ho= 0.274-0.377, HE= 0.282-0.369), which were higher than that of other herbaceous and aulmal-pollinated species with similar life-history characteristics; 2) there was significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, with one half of the loci showing heterozygote excess and the other homozygote excess, in all populations, suggesting the complicated breeding system of Epimedium species; 3) the low level of intraspecific and interspecific genetic differentiation (GST= 0.0246-0.0409 and 0.0495-0.1213, respectively) indicated a high level of gene flow among populations and close genetic relationship among the three species; and 4) UPGMA cluster analysis further showed that E. pubescens was more closely related to E. sagittatum than to E. wushanense, which was in good agreement with the morphological characters and the recent phylogenetic analysis of these species. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the mixed breeding system, long-lived perennial life form, ancient evolutionary history, and seed dispersal by ants in Epimedium are responsible for the genetic variation and population structure of these species.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31201203)Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-03-1-8)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013T60850)Program for Youth Talent of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1-18-024)Seed Industry Foundation Grant to Taishan ScholarAgricultural Improved Variety Industrialization Project of Shandong Province(2-B-08)~~
文摘Introducing the 1S^1 chromosome of Aegilops longissima into wheat genome can significantly improve wheat grain quality and contents of iron and zinc. Therefore, the development of molecular markers specific to 1S^1 chromosome of A. longissima is of important significance for breeding high-quality wheat with high contents of iron and zinc in grains. In this study, nine molecular markers specific to 1S^1 chromosome of A. longissima were developed, including two 1S^1S specific markers,six 1S^1L specific markers and one 1S^1 specific marker which was located on both short and long arms. The practicability of these molecular markers were verified using hybrid population as materials. The results showed that hybrid population could be effectively screened and identified, which indicated that the developed 1S^1 chromosome-specific molecular markers could be used for screening and identification of hybrid population and could be used in marker-assisted breeding of high-quality wheat with high contents of Fe and Zn in grains.