Database-oriented storage based on LMDB and linear octree for massive block model

Data organization requires high efficiency for large amount of data applied in the digital mine system. A new method of storing massive data of block model is proposed to meet the characteristics of the database, including ACID-compliant, concurrency support, data sharing, and efficient access. Each block model is organized by linear octree, stored in LMDB（lightning memory-mapped database）. Geological attribute can be queried at any point of 3D space by comparison algorithm of location code and conversion algorithm from address code of geometry space to location code of storage. The performance and robustness of querying geological attribute at 3D spatial region are enhanced greatly by the transformation from 3D to 2D and the method of 2D grid scanning to screen the inner and outer points. Experimental results showed that this method can access the massive data of block model, meeting the database characteristics. The method with LMDB is at least 3 times faster than that with etree, especially when it is used to read. In addition, the larger the amount of data is processed, the more efficient the method would be.

Ecological Environment Problems and Countermeasures of Small and Middle-sized Rivers in Shandong Province

Water uses in small and middle-sized rivers, and non-ecological treatment model has deteriorated local environment in Shandong. The research reviewed ecological environment status quo of small and middle rivers and concluded existing problems. Finally, ecological treatments were proposed based on treatments at home and abroad in order to improve eco-environment of rivers and build better Shandong.

Improvement of Lagrangian relaxation performance for open pit mines constrained long-term production scheduling problem

Constrained long-term production scheduling problem(CLTPSP) of open pit mines has been extensively studied in the past few decades due to its wide application in mining projects and the computational challenges it poses become an NP-hard problem.This problem has major practical significance because the effectiveness of the schedules obtained has strong economical impact for any mining project.Despite of the rapid theoretical and technical advances in this field,heuristics is still the only viable approach for large scale industrial applications.This work presents an approach combining genetic algorithms(GAs) and Lagrangian relaxation(LR) to optimally determine the CLTPSP of open pit mines.GAs are stochastic,parallel search algorithms based on the natural selection and the process of evolution.LR method is known for handling large-scale separable problems; however,the convergence to the optimal solution can be slow.The proposed Lagrangian relaxation and genetic algorithms(LR-GAs) combines genetic algorithms into Lagrangian relaxation method to update the Lagrangian multipliers.This approach leads to improve the performance of Lagrangian relaxation method in solving CLTPSP.Numerical results demonstrate that the LR method using GAs to improve its performance speeding up the convergence.Subsequently,highly near-optimal solution to the CLTPSP can be achieved by the LR-GAs.

THE APPLICATION OF ACOUSTIC LOGGING METHOD IN THE MODEL AND PARAMETERS IDENTIFICATION OF ROCK MASS

This paper describes the new method that is introduced into prediction of subsidence using system engineering method with acoustic logging and density logging. According to the result of acoustic logging, the real and complex rock beds are divided into a set of different bed groups and the equivalent mechanical model is to be built. Based on the modern control theory,according to the input data (convergence or settlement of the roof) and the output data (surface movement and deformation) of the system, the static parameters of equivalent rock beds can be derived from back calculation using the optimum method. Then the reqression relationship between the dynamic and static parameters can be built. So the prediction of rock and ground movements for other areas in the same district can be done, when using this relationship with the acoustic logging data and density logging data in situ.

The Impact of the Cognition of Landscape Experience on Tourist Environmental Conservation Behaviors

This article explores the relationship between the tourist's cognition of the landscape experience and the environmental conservation efforts at three distinct tourist sites in mountains of southwestern China. A total of 1500 on-site questionnaire surveys were distributed and 1142 valid questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. Results from multi-group path analysis showed that both cognition of the cultural landscape experience and cognition of the natural landscape experience had positive impacts on environmental conservation behaviors and behavior intentions of tourists. Results from comparative analysis among the three tourist sites indicated that cognition of the cultural landscape experience had a stronger power to predict senior environmental conservation behaviors and behavior intentions than cognition of the natural landscape experience, whereas cognition of the natural landscape experience had more power to predict general environmental conservation behaviors and behavior intentions than cognition of the cultural landscape experience. Furthermore, our findings benefit environmental management and sustainabilityat tourist sites.

Analytical and numerical modeling for the effects of thermal insulation in underground tunnels

The heat How generated from the infinite rock mass surrounding the underground tunnels is a major cause for the increasing cooling demands in deep mine tunnels.Insulation layers with lower thermal conductivities on tunnel walls and roof ceilings are believed to supply a thermo-barrier for heat abatement.However,it is found that no systematic theoretical investigations were made to predict and confirm the effectiveness of underground thermal insulation.Specifically,investigations on the underground insulation problems involving heat flows through the semi-infinite hot rock mass and insulation layer were not sufficient.Thus,in this paper,the thermal characteristics,accompanied with heat flow through the semi-infinite rock mass and the insulation layer,were modeled by both analytical and numerical methods with focus on underground mine tunnels.The close agreements between models have indicated that the thermal insulation applied on tunnel surfaces is able to provide promising heat abatement effects.

Sustainability and Public Engagement in Mining： The Role of Engineers

Social issues are increasingly recognized as significant inhibitors to mineral development projects. Increasingly, social risk is being recognized as a key factor determining the success of a mineral investment. Groups opposed to a mine for social or political reasons otten use environmental impacts, real or perceived, to prevent mine development. These risk factors depend largely on cultural perceptions of mining activities and must be understood as such in order to be appropriately managed. A first step to addressing social issues is inclusive, transparent and meaningful engagement of stakeholders. This process allows stakeholders to understand what the other parties value in order to collectively establish a common currency for development and the creation of mutual value. Expanding the scope of benefits and values a mine can bring is of increasing importance to mining companies who typically consult outside specialists remote from the mine site and late in the development timeline for this purpose. Training technical staff, engineers and geologists, who make initial and ongoing contact with local interests, in a holistic approach to mine development is crucial to successful and economic mineral development projects. Further extending this conversation to the genera/ public, media governments and non-govemmental organizations is a necessary step in developing a meaningful discourse on the benefit of mining activities.

Effects of Moisture Content on Cyclic Shear Properties of Soils during Epicentral Earthquakes

Numerous landslides occurred in hilly and mountainous areas during the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu Earthquake. Social problems developed when many towns became isolated because landslides cut offtraffic and public service lifelines. The hilly areas are composed mainly alternate layer of soft sandstone and mudstone deposited in quaternary or tertiary period. This geomorphology formed by folding presents a prominent landslide area in this region. This area has been utilized as rice terraces or carp breeding ponds because of plenty of water in the ground all the time. In addition, there was rainfall of more than 100 mm caused by Typhoon No. 23 two days before the earthquake in Chuetsu area. Block samples were extracted from the failure sites. The samples obtained were mainly low-cemented sandy soils. Triaxial tests of the samples under saturated and unsaturated conditions were conducted to examine the soils＇ strength properties and estimate the indices for slope stability.

山问

“仁者爱山，智者乐水”，登山前，这是脑海中一闪而过的句子。我不是仁者，也不是智者，走近你，只是为了感受你。

山问

千百年来 坚定自己的形象 为什么鸟儿 总高过我的身长

山问雨霁

云飞雨骤停，山色顿时清。 深谷彩虹见，蓬勃万物明。

Three-dimensional mode coupling around a seamount

A recently developed three-dimensional normal-mode model is adopted to investigate mode coupling around a seamount in a deep water environment. As indicated by the theoretical analysis and verified by the numerical results, strong mode coupling occurs at the edge of a seamount under certain conditions. Therefore, mode coupling is critical for the investigation of the acoustic field in the presence of a seamount. In addition, the issue regarding the number of sectors assuring convergence is also presented. This issue is important in a two-way coupled-mode approach, especially for solving three-dimensional problems, because the computational effort increases dramatically with the number of sectors in representing a varying bathymetry. The theoretical analysis as well as the numerical example in this paper shows that artificial diffraction lobes form in the event that uniform discretization is used with a horizontal step size greater than half of the acoustic wavelength. However, by using random discretization instead, such artificial diffraction lobes are diffused, resulting in a faster convergence rate.