培养大学生创新意识和创新能力:《工科化学》课程教学的探索与实践

培养大学生创新意识和创新能力是当前高校教学的重点。作为高等工程教育中实施素质教育的必备课程,《工科化学》可以通过持续的教学的探索与实践,包括宣传创新、提高意识;课堂讲授、培养兴趣;实验操作、优化理论;科研训练、能力提升等环节,有效增强大学生的创新意识、能力与水平。

Top-cited Articles in Chemical Engineering in Science Citation Index Expanded:A Bibliometric Analysis

This study aimed to identify and to analyze characteristics of top-cited articles published in the Web of Science chemical engineering subject category from 1899 to 2011.Articles that have been cited more than 100 times were assessed regarding publication outputs,and distribution of outputs in journals.Five bibliometric indicators were used to evaluate source countries,institution and authors.A new indicator,Y-index,was created to assess quantity and quality of contribution to articles.Results showed that 3828 articles,published between 1931 and 2010,had been cited at least 100 times.Among them 54% published before 1991,and 49% top-cited articles originated from US.The top eight productive institutions were all located in US.The top journals were Journal of Catalysis,AIChE Journal,Chemical Engineering Science and Journal of Membrane Science.Y-index was successfully applied to evaluate publication character of authors,institutions,and countries/regions.

Development and Application of DCC Catalysts to Meet New Demands

The new generation of DCC catalysts, the DMMC/RMMC series catalysts developed by RIPP are introduced in this paper. The large molecule cracking ability is enhanced by increasing the portion of large pores; and the coke selectivity is improved by adjusting the acidity site density on the matrix surface, while the selective cracking reactions are increased. The sphericity of catalysts is improved by adopting new preparation method. The commercial application results have shown that applying DMMC/RMMC series catalysts with the mixed VGO, VGO plus AR, and hydrotreated VGO feed can increase the propylene yield by 2.43, 1.3 and 0.8 percentage points, respectively, as compared to the previous catalysts along with improvement in some products yields. The refining enterprises can make more profits after applying new series of DCC catalysts.

Development and Commercial Application of Third Generation Resid Hydrotreating Catalysts

Based on the mechanism of resid hydrotreating reaction by coordinating the catalyst activity and stability, the diffusion mechanism and catalyst reactivity, the cost and catalyst performance, and the production and application requirements, the third-generation series catalysts for residue hydrotreating have been developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC. The new series RHT catalysts possess higher activity for HDS, HDM and HDCCR performance as well as longer run length. The commercial results for application of these catalysts have demonstrated that the new catalyst system performs better than the reference ones.

Commercial Applications of Paraxylene Adsorbents RAX-2000A and RAX-3000

The RAX series paraxylene （PX） adsorbents RAX-2000A and RAX-3000, are developed by the Sinopec Re- search Institute of Petroleum Processing （RIPP） and manufactured by the Sinopec Catalyst Company. Performance test of RAX-2000A showed that the average purity of the PX product reached 99.81%, with an average PX yield of 98.6% per pass. The new generation of PX adsorbents, RAX-3000 not only retains most advantages of the adsorbent RAX-2000A, but also has higher selective adsorption capacity by at least 8%. The actual unit production capability of the adsorbent RAX- 3000 was increased by about 18%. The RAX series PX adsorbents exhibited good adaptability to unfavorable feedstock containing high ethyl benzene （EB） fraction besides their better mechanical strength. Preliminary test results indicated that compared to the adsorbent RAX-2000A, the A/Fa and D/F relating to the adsorbent RAX-3000 were notably decreased due to the hi^her selective adsorotion canacitv of the adsorbent RAX-3000.

Research and Commercial Application of CPP Technology for Producing Light Olefins from Heavy Oil

Catalytic pyrolysis process(CPP)producing ethylene and propylene from paraffin base atmospheric residue was developed by RIPP and its first in the world unit was put into commercial operation successfully.The results of performance test showed that the yield of ethylene and propylene reached 14.84% and 22.21% ,respectively,at a reaction temperature of610℃by using Daqing atmospheric residue as the feedstock under an operation mode of producing ethylene and propylene at the same time,and the aromatic content of cracked naphtha reached 82.46% .The successful operation of this unit has opened a novel route for producing light olefins and aromatics from heavy oil,which is also a good example symbolizing the integration of refining technology with petrochemical process.

The FCC Flue Gas SOx Transfer Additive RFS Developed by RIPP

The present paper introduces the development of FCC flue gas SOx transfer additives by RIPP with a brief discussion of SOx transfer mechanism. The second-generation SO transfer additives of the RFS series are RIPP＇s proprietary additives with significantly improved performances. The results of commercial tests indicate that the RFS additive can effectively control SO emission of the FCC regenerator while maintaining product yields and product quality when the additive is used in a proper concentra- tion range.

Development of RSDS-III Technology for Ultra-Low-Sulfur Gasoline Production

The 3rd generation catalytic cracking naphtha selective hydrodesulfurization(RSDS-III) technology developed by RIPP included the catalysts selective adjusting(RSAT) technology, the development of new catalysts and optimized process conditions. The pilot plant test results showed that the RSDS-III technology could be adapted to different feedstocks. The sulfur content dropped from 600 μg/g and 631 μg/g to 7 μg/g and 9 μg/g, respectively, by RSDS-III technology when feed A and feed B were processed to meet China national V gasoline standard, with the RON loss of products equating to 0.9 units and 1.0 unit, respectively. While the feed C with a medium sulfur content was processed according to the full-range naphtha hydrotreating technology, the sulfur content dropped from 357 μg/g in the feed to 10 μg/g in gasoline, with the RON loss of product decreased by only 0.6 units. Thanks to the high HDS activity and good selectivity of RSDS-III technology, the ultra-low-sulfur gasoline meeting China V standard could be produced by the RSDS-III technology with little RON loss.

Geoengineering: Basic science and ongoing research efforts in China

Geoengineering （also called climate engineering）, which refers to large-scale intervention in the Earth＇s climate system to counteract greenhouse gas-induced warming, has been one of the most rapidly growing areas of climate research as a potential option for tackling global warming. Here, we provide an overview of the scientific background and research progress of proposed geoengineering schemes. Geo- engineering can be broadly divided into two categories： solar geoengineering （also called solar radiation management, or SRM）, which aims to reflect more sunlight to space, and carbon dioxide removal （CDR）, which aims to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere. First, we review different proposed geoengineering methods involved in the solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal schemes. Then, we discuss the fundamental science underlying the climate response to the carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management schemes. We focus on two basic issues： 1） climate response to the reduction in solar irradiance and 2） climate response to the reduction in atmospheric COe. Next, we introduce an ongoing geoengineering research project in China that is supported by National Key Basic Research Program. This research project, being the first coordinated geoengineering research program in China, will systematically investigate the physical mechanisms, climate impacts, and risk and governance of a few targeted geoengineering schemes. It is expected that this research program will help us gain a deep understanding of the physical science underlying geoengineering schemes and the impacts of geoengineering on global climate, in particular, on the Asia monsoon region.

Indoor thermal environment of wooden-plank wall dwellings in summer in Chongqing

There are a large number of wooden-plank wall dwellings, a kind of traditional house with regional characteristics, existing in Chongqing area. We chose a typical house in Chongqing as the subject and measured it during summer to research the situation of the indoor thermal comfort of wooden-plank wall dwellings. Based on the particularity of local residents' living habit and the characteristics of the local buildings, we analyzed the data of the field measurement and evaluated the thermal environment with APMV. The results show that the indoor thermal comfort of wooden-plank wall dwellings in summer is improved mainly by natural ventilation.

Principal component analysis and cluster analysis based orbit optimization for earth observation satellites

This paper proposes a design optimization method for the multi-objective orbit design of earth observation satellites, for which the optimality of orbit performance indices with different units, such as: total coverage time, the frequency of coverage, average time per coverage and maximum coverage gap, etc. is required simultaneously. By introducing index normalization method to convert performance indices into dimensionless variables within the range of [0, 1], a design optimization method based on the principal component analysis and cluster analysis is proposed, which consists of index normalization method, principal component analysis, multiple-level cluster analysis and weighted evaluation method. The results of orbit optimization for earth observation satellites show that the optimal orbit can be obtained by using the proposed method. The principal component analysis can reduce the total number of indices with a non-independent relationship to save computing time. Similarly, the multiple-level cluster analysis with parallel computing could save computing time.

Effects of micro-parameter on solidification structure of ZG12MnMoV low-alloy steel based on CAFE model

Abstract： We mainly studied effects of nucleation parameters （ △Tv,max and △Ts,max ） and superheat on solidification structure of ZG12MnMoV low-alloy steel by integration of CAFE and experimentation. The result shows that grain dimension is not only related with nucleation parameters, but also with superheat. The smaller△Tv,max and △Ts,max get, the tinier grain turns. The lab experimentation on optimum parameter is conducted, the mean diameter of grain in lab test specimen is 153.2 lain, and the mean diameter calculated by CAFE model is 151.1 μm. The calculated solidification structure agrees with the experimental result in the main.

The effect of the planet's number on dynamic characteristics of planetary gear systems

Considering the effect of planet's number on the dynamic characteristics of the planetary gear system, a translationtorsion lumped-parameter model of 2K-H spur planetary gear system was established. Through the analysis of numerical solution, the results show that 1) When the planet's number is more than 3, the order of the natural frequency will become the same; 2) When the planet's number increases, the natural frequencies of planet mode remain invariant, but when it comes to rotational mode and translational mode, the higher order natural frequencies increase and the lower order natural frequencies decrease; 3) The planet's number has a great impact on the higher order natural frequencies and a little impact on the lower order natural frequencies; and 4) To avoid the resonance, we can appropriately increase or decrease the number of the planet.

Modelling and verification of a new Roots blower profile based on analysis of performance of different leaf contour

The rotor of a Roots blower is the key component relating to its capability, so the profile design of the rotor in a Roots blower is extremely important. We focused on the modelling and verification for a novel Roots blower tooth profile based on the performance analysis. By comparing the area utilization coefficient and the ratio of several traditional rotor profiles, we proposed a new rotor profile. Then, we further accomplished the mathematical modelling of the proposed rotor profile and the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation, and obtained the Roots blower outlet flow monitoring curves. Finally, we verified the characteristics by a physical experiment.

Scientific and Engineering Progress in CO_2 Minerali zation Using Industrial Waste and Natural Minerals

The issues of reducing CO_2 levels in the atmo-sphere, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources,and dealing with indus trial waste offer challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the environment. The latest advances in CO_2 mineralization technology involving natural minerals and industrial waste are summarized in this paper, with great emphasis on the advancement of fundamental science, economic evaluation, and engineering applications. We discuss several lead-ing large-scale CO_2 mineralization methodologies from a techn ical and engineering-science perspective. For each technology option, we give an overview of the technical parameters, reaction pathway, reactivity, procedural scheme, and laboratorial and pilot devices. Furthermore, we present a discussion of each technology based on experimental results and the literature. Finally, current gaps in knowledge are identified in the conclusion, and an overview of the challenges and opportunities for future research in this field is provided.

The Anthroposophy of Professor Radojcic

In this paper, we present life and scientific work of Dr. Milog Radojcic （1903-1975）, the professor of the University of Belgrade and corresponding member of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts. In the background of all of Radojcic＇s scientific works were the doctrine of anthroposophy and geometry as its essential part. It led him to, at the time, most contemporary problems in mathematics and mathematical physics. His interest in Medieval art reveals a personality capable to unify by itself artistic and scientific worldview. His published works were digitized in 2008 at the Mathematical Institute of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and exhibited as a part of the virtual library of the National Center for Digitization. Some of his papers, both published and unpublished ones, are extremly actual and their republishing could be very important not only for scientific but also for general public as well

RIPP Works on Crude Formulation Technique to Grapple with Refiners' Tough Problems

Currently ＂The Crude Formulation Technique＂ developed by the SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing（RIPP） has passed the technical review sponsored by the Sinopec Corp.This technique by means of adopting the advanced algorithm on the basis of the crude assay data bank and the large crude spectroscopic database can intelligently blend together different kinds of crude oils to obtain multiple crude formulations, the quality of which is quite close to the target crude in a bid to provide technical support to the refining enterprises in the area of crude procurement and sustained property stabilization of crude oils pro-cessed thereby.

Application of Coalescence Separation Technology in Manufacture of Nitrobenzene

The commercial application project for reducing the sodium content in raw nitrobenzene which was performed by the Research Institute of the SINOPEC Nanjing Chemical Company(NCC)has passed the appraisal organized by the Science and Technology Division of the Sinopec Corp.The appraisal team has recognized that the overall technology of this project has reached the internationally advanced level.

Construction of Mechanized Claw as a Teaching Method in Engineering

The labor market requires, increasingly, an updated and more professional preparation, mainly due to the rapid pace of scientific technical advancement means in the industry. From this point, it is important to encourage the development of the basic techniques of control systems, electronics and communication in order to produce knowledge in the mechatronic field and so apply them to industry. Considering the relevance of this subject, the students of Federal University of Para-Campus Tucumi through the Research Group of Electrical and Mechanical Systems apply their knowledge in multidisciplinary engineering fields in order to generate knowledge from creative techniques using low cost materials, together with the encouragement of social and environmental responsibility which is very important nowadays. At the same time, targeting the needs of the labor market, this work aims to foster in students the skills and requirements through team projects and innovative methods. Therefore, this paper presents a mechanical manipulator, where their operating characteristics are based on industrial robots in the literature, powered by DC （direct current） motors and fully developed from reusable materials. By adding a developed control from the Arduino, prototyping platform with an electronic strategic offers through the internet the long-distance control convenience.