内河限制性航道护岸工程BIM正向设计方法研究

针对内河限制性航道护岸工程传统二维设计精细度不高,设计效率低下等问题,本文基于Civil3D开展内河限制性航道护岸工程BIM正向设计研究,包括三维地形曲面建立、护岸要素线确定、参数化横断面设计、护岸模型建立等内容,并基于Civil3D进行二次开发,实现护岸基础结构批量快速建模、护岸结构工程量快速提取、模型出图,可有效提高设计效率,为护岸工程正向设计提供思路。研究成果在浙北某内河限制性航道工程进行了应用验证,可为内河限制性航道工程BIM技术应用提供借鉴。

Analysis of Season Change in Jiyang from Meteorological Standpoint

[Objective] The aim was to analyze changing characters of four seasons in Jiyang, providing references for farming and disaster prevention in the area. [Methed] Changing characters of initial time and lasting periods of four seasons in Jiyang for 30 years were analyzed from meteorological standpoint with weather information from 1981 to 2010 observed in surface meteorological observation in Jiyang. [Result] Recent 30 years, initial time of spring and winter in Jiyang were earlier than before, especially for spring. In contrast, initial time of summer and autumn were later, especially for autumn. In addition, periods of spring and winter declined and the latter changed more significantly. Meanwhile, periods of summer and autumn extended and rate of linear trend for summer period was 0.042 hou/year. [Conclusion] The research indicated that lasting days of summer extended significantly and of spring and winter shortened under the background of global warming.

Experimental study on the moving characteristics of fine grains in wide grading unconsolidated soil under heavy rainfall

The initiation mechanism of debris flow is regarded as the key step in understanding the debrisflow processes of occurrence, development and damage. Moreover, migration, accumulation and blocking effects of fine particles in soil will lead to soil failure and then develop into debris flow. Based on this hypothesis and considering the three factors of slope gradient, rainfall duration and rainfall intensity, 16 flume experiments were designed using the method of orthogonal design and completed in a laboratory. Particle composition changes in slope toe, volumetric water content, fine particle movement characteristics and soil failure mechanism were analyzed and understood as follows: the soil has complex, random and unstable structures, which causes remarkable pore characteristics of poor connectivity, non-uniformity and easy variation. The major factors that influence fine particle migration are rainfall intensity and slope. Rainfall intensity dominates particle movement, whereby high intensity rainfall induces a large number of mass movement and sharp fluctuation, causing more fine particles to accumulate at the steep slope toe. The slope toe plays an important role in water collection and fine particleaccumulation. Both fine particle migration and coarse particle movement appears similar fluctuation. Fine particle migration is interrupted in unconnected pores, causing pore blockage and fine particle accumulation, which then leads to the formation of a weak layer and further soil failure or collapses. Fine particle movement also causes debris flow formation in two ways: movement on the soil surface and migration inside the soil. The results verify the hypothesis that the function of fine particle migration in soil failure process is conducive for further understanding the formation mechanism of soil failure and debris flow initiation.

工程机械构件非线性振动的数值仿真及实验研究

利用等效线性化的方法分析了工程机械结构的间隙非线性振动问题。计算模型采用工程机械中常见的带间隙和初载偏移的非线性系统，给出了这类系统的等效刚度和幅频特性。

GABA transporter 1 transcriptional starting site exhibiting tissue specific difference

GABA transporter 1(GAT1) takes important roles in multiple physiological processes through the uptake and release of GABA, but the regulation of GAT1 gene expression in different tissues is rarely known. To address the question, first, 5’ Rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) was used to determine GAT1 transcriptional starting sites in neonatal mouse cerebral cortex and intestine, adult mouse brain and adult rat testis. The products of 5’RACE were confirmed by DNA sequencing. We found that the transcript of GAT1 in neonatal mouse cerebral cortex and adult mouse brain starts at the same site (inside of exon 1), while in mouse intestine, GAT1 starts transcription in intron 1, and in rat testis, the transcript of GAT1 has an additional untranslation exon to the 5’ direction.

Oval mucosal opening bloc biopsy after incision and widening by ring thread traction for submucosal tumor

Gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs) less than 2 cm are generally considered benign neoplasms, and endoscopic observation is recommended, but SMTs over 2 cm, 40% of which are gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs), have malignant potential. Although the Japanese Guidelines for GIST recommend partial surgical resection for GIST over 2 cm with malignant potential as well as en bloc large tissue sample to obtain appropriate and large specimens of SMTs, several reports have been published on tissue sampling of SMTs, such as with endoscopic ultrasound sound fine needle aspiration, submucosal tunneling bloc biopsy, and the combination of bite biopsy and endoscopic mucosal resection. Because a simpler, more accurate method is needed for appropriate treatment, we developed oval mucosal opening bloc biopsy after incision and widening by ring thread traction for submucosal tumor(OMOB) approach. OMOB was simple and enabled us to obtain large samples under direct procedure view as well as allowed us to restore to original mucosa.

Global Convergence of a New Restarting Conjugate Gradient Method for Nonlinear Optimizations

Conjugate gradient optimization algorithms depend on the search directions with different choices for the parameters in the search directions. In this note, by combining the nice numerical performance of PR and HS methods with the global convergence property of the class of conjugate gradient methods presented by HU and STOREY(1991), a class of new restarting conjugate gradient methods is presented. Global convergences of the new method with two kinds of common line searches, are proved. Firstly, it is shown that, using reverse modulus of continuity function and forcing function, the new method for solving unconstrained optimization can work for a continously dif ferentiable function with Curry-Altman's step size rule and a bounded level set. Secondly, by using comparing technique, some general convergence properties of the new method with other kind of step size rule are established. Numerical experiments show that the new method is efficient by comparing with FR conjugate gradient method.

46 CASES OF INSOMNIA TREATED BY SEMICONDUCTOR LASER IRRADIATION ON AURICULAR POINTS

Insomnia is a commonly encounteredsymptom in clinical practice. The author hastreated it by using semiconductor laserirradiation on auricular points with satisfactorytherapeutic results. A report is presented asfollows.General DataIn this series, there were 46 cases

Experience in Differentiation and Treatment of Stubborn Insomnia

Stubborn insomnia is characterized by: a) a long course of illness, lasting over 3 months; b) ineffectiveness of the routine treatment; c) the patient can sleep no more than 2 hours at night; d) the patient has a low spirit, palpitation, poor memory, viscera function disorder, all seriously affecting the patient's life and work. The following is an account of the author's clinical experience in treating stubborn insomnia.

Characters of normal prostate and prostate cancer lesions by transrectal contrast enhanced ultrasonography

Objective:The aim of the study was to observe the characters and differences of the inner and outer parts of prostate gland, the prostatic cancer lesions in inner and outer parts of prostate glands by transrectal contrast enhanced ultrasonography (TRCEUS) in order to provide valuable information for diagnosing of prostatic cancers. Methods: The ultrasound contrast agent was SonoVue (from Bracco Company, Italian). Instrument adopted Esaote Company Technos DU8 (transrectal ultrasonography). We observed the starting and ending times of transrectal contrast enhancement in the normal prostate inner gland group (16 cases), normal prostate outer gland group (16 cases), and the prostatic cancer lesions in inner gland group (8 cases) as well as in outer gland group (11 cases), respectively. Results: There was no significant difference in the starting time of the normal prostate glands between the inner gland and outer gland groups (P>0.05), likewise no significant difference between the cancer lesions in the inner gland and outer gland groups (P>0.05), but starting times of the cancer lesions in both groups were earlier than those of the normal prostate inner and outer glands groups (P<0.01). The ending time of enhancement was no significant difference among all groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The earlier starting time of contrast enhancement in prostatic cancer lesions by TRCEUS has important value of distinguishing the cancer lesions from normal prostate glands. It is helpful to diagnose the prostatic cancer lesions.

Research of Dynamic Variations in the Gravitational Field of Forthcoming Volcano Eruption

There is expounded the theory of＂gravitational＂ wave propagation from the volcano crater （magma） under changing density of magma mass inside the volcano. It was revealed that while the abruptly accelerated magma movement during starting period began eruption, the registered ＂gravitational＂ waves were being emitted and were propagating with the velocity greater than that of sound and seismic waves velocity. Alteration of ＂gravitational＂ waves velocity under the magma movement can be additional feature in prognosis of the start time of volcano eruption. The considered method might be effective when making up prognoses of underwater volcano eruption.

Fired Models of Air-gun Source and Its Application

Air-gun is an important active seismic source.With the development of the theory about air-gun array,the technique for air-gun array design becomes mature and is widely used in petroleum exploration and geophysics.In order to adapt it to different research domains,different combination and fired models are needed.At the present time,there are two fired models of air-gun source,namely,reinforced initial pulse and reinforced first bubble pulse.The fired time,space between single guns,frequency and resolution of the two models are different.This comparison can supply the basis for its extensive application.

Automotive Metal Material Database Development and Application in Vehicle Design

This paper introduced the metal material database development and usage in car body design for automatic process. According to the common automotive steel product from the major steel plant in China and usage situation in local automotive OEMs （original equipment manufacturers）, a standard LS-DYNA material database contains 129 kinds of commonly used metal material and database is developed by CATARC. Considering the frequent use of material data and applied to different parts in FE model, engineers can save time with this standard tool and meet the future request of the automation modeling process.

Innovation Education in City of Makers——Shenzhen

AT the"International Exchanges on Open Innovation"held in San Francisco in 2015,one question was raised:"If you were an engineer and would like to make a creative idea into a product within one or two weeks,which city would be your choice?"Founder&CTO of Spark Labs Global Ventures,Zachary Crockett’s answer was Shenzhen.Known as entrepreneurs’heaven,Shenzhen gives priority to innovation education and make students’dreams reality.

Development of a Cross-Flow Fish Smoking Kiln Fired by Biomass Material

Traditional smoking of fish in Nigeria is often carried out in open and unsanitary environment. In addition, the current process does not result in uniformly smoked fish and uses wood （an increasingly scarce material） as heat source. The fish smoking kiln designed and fabricated in this study addresses these problems. The kiln （700 × 800 × 1,500 mm） is made of stainless steel on the inside and mild steel on the outside with glass fiber insulation separating the inside and outside covers. The sample to be smoked is totally enclosed by the kiln with a latchable door provided at one of the sides for placing of samples to be smoked. In addition, the kiln was designed to use waste biomass resource as fuels （sawdust and/or maizecob）. Bonga fish （Ethmalosafimbriata） and African catfish （Clarias gariepinus） were used as test samples for the kiln. The temperature of the chamber increased to about 120 ℃ to 160 ℃ when fueled with sawdust and about 150 ℃ to 200 ℃ for maizecob. The total heat transfer resistance through the kiln walls was determined to be 1.0 ℃/W. About 6-8 h was required to smoke-dry 16 kg of fish samples from initial moisture content of 75% to about 25% or 20% moisture level.

时间名词“一开始”的固化及其语体特征

在结构“一……就(便)”和动词“开始”转指名词的双重影响下,“一开始”由临时性动词短语凝固为时间名词。“一开始”吸收了所在语篇的顺序型时序义而形成先时意义,其连接功能得以浮现并发展为优势用法。根据连接成分“一开始”出现的篇章位置不同,文章将其分为前置类和后置类两类。前置类所在篇章多表达事件—后续发展关系,后置类多表达基于某一情况的强调。连接成分“一开始”和“开始”差异主要集中在语体特征方面,“开始”凸显的是程序性语体特征,而“一开始”凸显的是叙事性特征。

Theoretical study on Manson-Coffin equation for physically short cracks and lifetime prediction

The Manson-Coffin equation has been widely applied to the prediction of fatigue lifetime.But this equation does not explicitly express the relation between the fatigue lifetime and the crack length.The present paper proposes that the grain size can be re-placed by the maximum non-damaging crack length.Thus,the growth rate will decrease to zero when the crack reaches this size.Combining with the theory of the fatigue short crack propagation,we derived the relations between physically short crack's initiation-propagation rates and material's mechanical properties,as well as crack length,stress and strain.With the derived relations,fatigue lifetime of short cracks can be successfully predicted by basic mechanical properties.Similar to the format of Manson-Coffin equation,our relations uncover the essence of Manson-Coffin equation which may reveal the short crack's initiation-propagation mechanism.Predictions of fatigue lifetime using our relations were compared with the results of well-known experiments.Good agreement is found in many aspects,such as coefficients,exponents,as well as fatigue life-times,especially for short cracks around 10 micrometers.Predictions on the short crack propagation rates are also compared for 16 types of carbon steels.Satisfactory consistency shows that our relations have wide applicability.

Observation of Inception of Sheet Cavitation from Free Nuclei

Prediction of inception of sheet cavitation on solid walls has been recognized to be very difficult, since it is significantly affected by the boundary layer flow characteristics, the population of free nuclei, the nuclei held in the wall roughness, the amount of dissolved air in liquid and so on. It has not sufficiently been made clear how the inception is affected by the conditions of water qualities and background flow characteristics. In this study, high speed observation of inception of sheet cavity from free nuclei is conducted for a two-dimensional convergent-divergent nozzle flow, where the sheet cavity forms just downstream of the nozzle throat. The effects of the amount of dissolved air and the free stream velocity on the inception process of sheet cavitation is examined. In addition, the bubble nuclei density, which is well known to be important factor for cavitation inception, is passively controlled by the filter installed in the tunnel. From the observations, it is confirmed that the nuclei number density significantly affects the formation of sheet cavity rather than the other two parameters. In conditions with large nuclei number density, the sheet cavity does not form, and bubbly cavitation appears instead. In the case with small nuclei number density, the sheet cavity forms from a single flowing nucleus and develops streamwisely and spanwisely. In the conditions with medium nuclei number density, the sheet cavity also forms but is shorter/narrower streamwisely/spanwisely, due to interaction of other nuclei flowing near the formed sheet cavity.

Clinical Study on Electroacupuncture for Perimenopausal Insomnia

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture in treating perimenopausal insomnia. Methods： Seventy eligible subjects were randomized into two groups, 38 subjects in the treatment group were intervened by electroacupuncture, 30 min each session; 32 subjects in the control group were intervened by Alprazolam, 0.4 mg each time before sleep. Athens insomnia scale （AIS） was adopted to evaluate sleep quality. Results： The therapeutic efficacy in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Electroacupuncture efficacy in treating perimenopausal can produce a content therapeutic nsomnia.

In-situ study of martensitic transformation and nucleation, propagation of crack in CuNiAl shape memory alloy

The stress-induced martensitic transformation and its relation with crack nucleation and propagation in CuNiAl shape memory alloy were investigated through in-situ tensile tests by SEM and TEM.The results indicated that the stress concentration ahead of the crack tip could induce formation of stacking faults and different types of martensites.TEM observations showed that the martensites could transform from one type to another and even reversely to the parent during loading.The micro-cracks nucleated along the martensite/parent interface and intersection between two martensites.When the crack propagated a certain distance,the stress concentration ahead of the crack tip was large enough to result in formation of slip bands,and in this condition the microcrack nucleated along slip bands more easily.