后人类语境下的荒诞叙事历险--以网络科幻小说《异人行》为例

《异人行》完结于火星小说网,是青年女作家七马“大图景奇幻小说”的第一部。从故事内容上看,《异人行》是一部“多声部变奏式”小说,其主题广泛涉及科幻、玄幻、后人类、悬疑、末世、启示录、“异托邦”、公路小说和“古风叙事”等多个维度,是“百科全书式”文体的叙述历险。从审美范式层面审视这部小说,也可以将其理解成荒诞未来主义、反科幻叙事与后现代主义的聚合体。小说重新诠释了“近未来”历史境遇中人性的复杂、卑微和伟大,揭示了命运的诡谲、残酷与不可捉摸,也构建了一种新的网络文学叙述话语与审美范式体系。在网络文学发展转型的当下,《异人行》及其系列相关性叙事文本的创作实践不仅为我们提供了崭新的审美表意经验,也开启了一种重新塑造当代网络文学经典的可能性与可行性之路径。

On the Alienation in Miss Brill

Katherine Mansfield is a world famous woman master of short stories in English literature. Her stories are sensitive revelations of human behaiour in quite ordinary situations, through which we can glimpse a powerful and sometimes cruelly pessimistic view of life. Miss Brill is one of her short stories published in her collection of stories entitled The Garden Party and Other Stories （2007）, describing an afternoon in the life of a middle-aged spinster who visits the public park on a weekly basis, leading to her reassessment of her view of the world and the secular reality. Short as it is, it is really worth carful analysis and appreciation. This paper will mainly deal with the theme--alienation that the story conveys in two aspects： some obvious alienate elments in Miss Brill, in which some background information is provided; some less obvious alienation in Miss Brill, in which a detailed analysis is made into the story to reveal its alienation.

A test of the coupling of predator defense morphology and behavior variation in two threespine stickleback populations

Among-population differences in morphology and behaviors such as boldness have been shown to co-vary with eco- logical conditions, including predation regime. However, between- and within-population covariation of predator defense mor- phology with variation in behaviors relevant to ecology and evolution （boldness, exploration, activity, sociability and aggressive- ness, often defined as personality traits when they are consistent across time and contexts） have never been quantified together in a single study in juvenile fish from populations found in contrasting environments. We measured predator defense morphology differences between adults from two freshwater populations of threespine sticklebacks with different ecological conditions. We then quantified five behaviors in juveniles from both populations raised in a common environment. Wild-caught adults showed significant differences in predator defense morphology. One population had significantly lower lateral plate number, shorter dorsal spine, pelvic spine and pelvic girdle. Furthermore, 61% of individuals from that population showed an absence of pelvic spine and girdle. At the population level, we found that differences in defense morphology in adults between the two lakes were coupled with differences in behaviors in juveniles raised in a common environment. Levels of activity, aggressiveness and boldness were higher in juveniles from the population lacking predator defense structures. At the individual level, anti-predator morphology of adult females could not predict their offspring＇s behavior, but juvenile coloration predicted individual boldness in a popula- tion-specific manner. Our results suggest that ecological conditions, as reflected in adult predator defense morphology, also affect juvenile behavior in threespine sticklebacks, resulting in trait co-specialization, and that there is a genetic or epigenetic compo- nent to these behavioral differences [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 53-65, 2012].

Personality in social insects： How does worker personality determine colony personality？

ASocial insect colonies and the workers comprising them, each exhibit consistent individual differences in behavior, also known as ＇personalities＇. Because the behavior of social insect colonies emerges from the actions of their workers, individual variation among workers＇ personality may be important in determining the variation we observe among colonies. The reproduc- tive unit of social insects, on which natural selection acts, is the colony, not individual workers. Therefore, it is important to un- derstand what mechanisms govern the observed variation among colonies. Here I propose three hypotheses that address how con- sistent individual differences in the behavior of workers may lead to consistent individual differences in the behavior of colonies： 1. Colonies differ consistently in their average of worker personality; 2. The distribution but not the average of worker personali- ties varies consistently among colonies; and 3. Colony personality does not emerge from its worker personality composition but from consistent external constraints. I review evidence supporting each of these hypotheses and suggest methods to further inves-tigate them. The study of how colony personality emerges from the personalities of the workers comprising them may shed light on the mechanisms underlying consistent individual differences in the behavior of other animals .

Learning embeddings of a heterogeneous behavior network for potential behavior prediction

Potential behavior prediction involves understanding the latent human behavior of specific groups,and can assist organizations in making strategic decisions.Progress in information technology has made it possible to acquire more and more data about human behavior.In this paper,we examine behavior data obtained in realworld scenarios as an information network composed of two types of objects(humans and actions)associated with various attributes and three types of relationships(human-human,human-action,and action-action),which we call the heterogeneous behavior network(HBN).To exploit the abundance and heterogeneity of the HBN,we propose a novel network embedding method,human-action-attribute-aware heterogeneous network embedding(a4 HNE),which jointly considers structural proximity,attribute resemblance,and heterogeneity fusion.Experiments on two real-world datasets show that this approach outperforms other similar methods on various heterogeneous information network mining tasks for potential behavior prediction.