诗歌写作的另一种可能——评刘阶耳诗集《强迫症》

刘阶耳的诗歌有意背离当下诗歌写作的一般路径,带有明显的先锋性,呈现出强烈的个人色彩。其诗歌写作的独特性具体体现为诗歌语体的杂糅性,淡化形象与情境的稳定性设置,对人之当代存在样貌展开文化反思与批判。诗歌语体的杂糅使得刘阶耳的诗歌“众声”嘈杂又制衡,形成独特的语体表达张力;诗歌形象的不稳定性与抽象性,使得诗人情绪表达沉淀为对人类复杂存在经验的并置化思考,增强了其诗歌言说当下存在的精确性与概括性;对人类当代存在样貌的文化反思与批判,使得诗歌跳脱、不稳定的外部结构获得一种稳定的内在向心力,形成刘阶耳诗歌表意世界的“稳定结构”。

基于中医五神理论试析强迫症

目前,强迫症的患病率较高,对强迫症的认识及治疗仍不系统。文章尝试基于中医五神理论,动态性分析强迫症的病因、病机与治疗,以期为强迫症的中医诊疗提供理论指导与借鉴,有助于推动强迫症的诊疗系统化,进一步提高临床诊疗水平。笔者通过梳理相关文献,并结合临床经验,认为强迫症的病因是遗传与环境因素造成的特殊人格,初始及关键病机是魄弱,根据个体情况,神、魂、意、志可出现不同的偏颇,治疗应调气强魄,辅以安魂明神、舒意定志。

Incidence and clinical correlates of anger attacks in Chinese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Objective: Anger attacks have been observed in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD), often triggered by obsessional triggers. However, few studies have reported the clinical characteristics and correlates of anger attacks among Chinese patients with OCD. Methods: A total of 90 adults with a primary diagnosis of OCD, ranging from 15 to 78 years old, participated in the study. Participants were administered the Rage Outbursts and Anger Rating Scale(ROARS), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale-Second Edition, and Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale by a trained clinician. Patients completed the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Results: A total of 31.3% of participants reported anger outbursts in the past week, and ROARS scores had no significant correlation with age, duration of illness, OCD severity, depression, or stress. However, ROARS scores were negatively related to education level, and positively related to obsessing symptoms and anxiety. Conclusions: These data suggest that anger attacks are relatively common in Chinese patients with OCD. The severity of anger attacks is related to educational level, obsessing symptoms, and anxiety, which may be a latent variable reflecting executive functioning and emotion regulation skills.

Whole genome analyses reveal significant convergence in obsessive-compulsive disorder between humans and dogs

Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)represents a heterogeneous collection of diseases with diverse levels of phenotypic,genetic,and etiologic variability,making it difficult to identify the underlying genetic and biological mechanisms in humans.Domestic dogs exhibit several OCD-like behaviors.Using continuous circling as a representative phenotype for OCD,we screened two independent dog breeds,the Belgian Malinois and Kunming Dog and subsequently sequenced ten circling dogs and ten unaffected dogs for each breed.Using population differentiation analyses,we identified 11 candidate genes in the extreme tail of the differentiated regions between cases and controls.These genes overlap significantly with genes identified in a genome wide association study(GWAS)of human OCD,indicating strong convergence between humans and dogs.Through gene expressional analysis and functional exploration,we found that two candidate OCD risk genes,PPP2R2B and ADAMTSL3,affected the density and morphology of dendritic spines.Therefore,changes in dendritic spine may underlie some common biological and physiological pathways shared between humans and dogs.Our study revealed an unprecedented level of convergence in OCD shared between humans and dogs,and highlighted the importance of using domestic dogs as a model species for many human diseases including OCD.

Review of structural neuroimaging in patients with refractory obsessive- compulsive disorder

The notion that some special brain regions may be involved in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive dis- order （OCD） dates back to the beginning of the twentieth century. Structural neuroimaging studies in the past 2 decades have revealed important findings that facilitate understanding of OCD pathogenesis. Current knowledge based on func- tional and structural neuroimaging investigations largely emphasizes abnormalities in fronto-striatal-thalamic-cortical and orbitofronto-striato-thalamic circuits in the pathophysiology of OCD. However, these neuroimaging studies did not focus on refractory OCD. The present review mainly focused on structural neuroimaging performed in OCD, which had been ignored previously, and highlighted current evidence supporting that orbito-frontal cortex and thalamus are key brain re- gions, and that the hippocampus-amygdala complex is associated with refractoriness to the available treatment strategies. However, to fully reveal the neuroanatomy of refractoriness, longitudinal studies with larger samples are required.

Anti-anxiety activity of successive extracts of angelica archangelica linn.on the elevated t-maze and forced swimming tests in rats

OBJECTIVE:Angelica archangelica Linn.is widely used in food and liquor preparations and also in Kashmiri folk medicine to reduce anxiety.We evaluated the anxiolytic effect of successive extracts of A.archangelica linn.(SAE) on rats tested in the elevated T-maze test(an animal model of generalized anxiety) at doses that exhibit antidepressant-like activity in humans.METHODS:A.archangelica(1 kg) was subjected to successive extraction in a soxhlet apparatus with solvents [petroleum ether(40-60℃),chloroform,ethyl acetate,methanol and decoction with water] in order of increasing polarity(yield:6.9%,7.3%,5.1%,11.88% and 8.2% w/w,respectively).SAE were evaluated for anxiolytic effects using the elevated T-maze and forced swimming tests in rats.RESULTS:Oral dosing of diazepam(1 mg/kg) and extracts(50,100 and 200 mg/kg) clearly showed an anxiolytic-like profile in the elevated T-maze test:it increased one-way escape and decreased inhibitory avoidance on the first,third and seventh day.In the forced swimming test,imipramine and SAE showed antidepressant-and anxiolytic-like effects as reflected by increased climbing time,swimming time and decreased immobility time on the first,third and seventh day.Aqueous and methanol extracts showed the most,petroleum ether(40-60℃) and chloroform intermediate,and ethyl acetate the least anxiolytic activity(*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P< 0.001) in both models.CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest the anti-anxiety activity of various extracts of A.archangelica and strongly justify its use in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of anxiety.