The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anthropogenic pollution on DNA damage and the fatty acid profile of the bottom dweller fish （Cirrhinus mr^gala）, collected from the River Chenab, in order to...The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anthropogenic pollution on DNA damage and the fatty acid profile of the bottom dweller fish （Cirrhinus mr^gala）, collected from the River Chenab, in order to assess the effect of the toxicants on the quality of the fish meat. The levels ofCd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr and Sn and of phenols from this river were significantly higher than the permissible limits set by the USEPA. Comet assays showed DNA damage in Cirrhinus mr^gala collected from three different sampling sites in the polluted area of the river. Significant differences were observed for DNA damage through comet assay in fish collected from polluted compared to control sites. No significant differences were observed for DNA damage between farmed and fish collected from upstream. The micronucleus assay showed similar trends. Fish from the highly polluted sites showed less number of fatty acids and more saturated fatty acids in their meat compared to fish from less polluted areas. Several fatty acids were missing in fish with higher levels of DNA in comet tail and micronucleus induction. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid （20：5n-3） was found missing in the fish from polluted environment while it was found in considerable amount in farmed fish 7.8±0.4%. Docosahexaenoic acid （22：6n-3） also showed significant differences as 0.1±0.0 and 7.0±0.1% respectively, in wild polluted and fanned fishes.展开更多
Cadmium-induced DNA degradation in gill cells of the scallop Mizuhopectenyessoensis was assessed using the comet assay （single-cell gel electrophoresis）. Accumulation of highly toxic cadmium in the gill cells of biv...Cadmium-induced DNA degradation in gill cells of the scallop Mizuhopectenyessoensis was assessed using the comet assay （single-cell gel electrophoresis）. Accumulation of highly toxic cadmium in the gill cells of bivalve is accompanied by the damage of the cell genome revealed as DNA migration in the comet assay. The main mechanisms of Cd effects on the integrity of the DNA structure are discussed.展开更多
In frame of the asteroid-comet hazard problem study, a qualitative analysis of some methods for the effect on a celestial near-Earth object (NEO)-an asteroid, a comet — is carried out. The goal of the effect is a cor...In frame of the asteroid-comet hazard problem study, a qualitative analysis of some methods for the effect on a celestial near-Earth object (NEO)-an asteroid, a comet — is carried out. The goal of the effect is a correction of this object’s orbit, its deflection from the Earth to prevent their collision. There are studied a mechanical impact-kinetic effect of the spacecraft (SC), a thermonuclear effect, an effect on a cometary nucleus for a controlled change of its dusty mantle and, therefore, its sublimation activity. Qualitative models of these effects are developed. Numerical analysis results are given for a group of NEOs such as some asteroids from the Apollo family (Apollo, Castalia, Nereus, Orpheus, Phaethon, Toutatis, etc.) and from the Aten family (Aten, Hathor, Khufu, etc.) as well as some short-periodic comets like the comet P/Biela. There are studied some characteristics of the effects on the NEOs such as the velocity impulse (or acceleration) applied to the celestial body, its deflection from the Earth. The study is supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Studies (Grant N 01-01-00133).展开更多
Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) combining radiation on DNA injury-repair of Esophageal cancer EC109 cells. Methods: Using 10 and 20 μg/mL DATS on EC109 cells...Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) combining radiation on DNA injury-repair of Esophageal cancer EC109 cells. Methods: Using 10 and 20 μg/mL DATS on EC109 cells, and taking X-ray radiation 24 h later. Investigate the radiosensitization effect of DATS on EC109 cells by clone formation, and the mechanism of DNA injury-repair by Comet Assay. Results: The clone formation resulted that DATS had radiosensitization effect on EC109 cells. Radiosensitization enhancement ratios of 10 and 20 μg/mL DATS in combination with radiation were 1.55, 1.64 (Do) and 1.43, 1.75 (Dq) respectively. In the comet assay, the TM (tail moments) of 20 μg/mL DATS combining radiation group lines at 0 h, 2 h, 6 h and 24 h were 7.16 ± 2.61, 3.65 ± 2.06, 2.09 ± 0.83, 1.45 ± 1.37 respectively. They were slightly increased than radiation group (0.95 ± 0.65, 0.11 ± 0.07, 0.1 ± 0.05, 0.11 ± 0.08) and DATS group (1.81 ± 1.23, 1.58 ± 1.40, 0.45 ± 0.25, 0.60 ± 0.40) (P < 0.01). The result showed that DATS combining radiation had the effect of increasing DNA damage and inhibiting DNA repair on EC109 cells. Conclusion: DATS has radiosensitization effect on Esophageal cancer EC109 cells. And the effect is probably related with DNA injury-repair.展开更多
The choice of a suitable species to translate pollution signals into a quantitative monitor is a fundamental step in biomonitoring plans. Here we present the results of three years of biomonitoring at a new coal power...The choice of a suitable species to translate pollution signals into a quantitative monitor is a fundamental step in biomonitoring plans. Here we present the results of three years of biomonitoring at a new coal power plant in central Italy using three different aquatic and terrestrial wildlife species in order to compare their reliability as sentinel organisms for genotoxicity. The comet assay was applied to the common land snail Helix spp., the lagoon fish Aphaniusfasciatus, and the green frog Rana esculenta sampled in the area potentially exposed to the impact of the power station. The tissue concentration of some expected pollutants （As, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr） was analysed in parallel samples collected in the same sampling sites. The three species showed different values in the comet assay （Tail Intensity） and different accumulation profiles of heavy metals. Aphanius fasciatus showed an increasing genotoxic effect over time that paralleled the temporal increase of the heavy metals, especially arsenic, and the highest correlation between heavy metals and DNA damage. Helix spp. showed levels of damage inversely related to the distance from the source of pollution and in partial accordance with the total accumulation of trace elements. On the contrary, Rana esculenta showed a low capability to accumulate metals and had inconsistent results in the comet test. The fish appeared to be the most efficient and sensitive species in detecting chemical pollution. Overall, both the fish and the snail reflected a trend of increasing pollution in the area surrounding the power plant across time and space [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 308-321, 2014].展开更多
The historical records of astronomical phenomena may play a significant role in comet identification.Getting an accurate result is based on many factors,of which the calculation of orbital elements is the most importa...The historical records of astronomical phenomena may play a significant role in comet identification.Getting an accurate result is based on many factors,of which the calculation of orbital elements is the most important.This paper presents a "Cross Reference" method in which the perturbation of Jupiter is the only considered factor used to attempt an efficient way of comet identification with ancient Chinese historical records.In this method,the records before and after the calculated result from orbital determination within the error range are compared with the historical records to find the correlated perihelion time,and then,with five other orbital elements at the perihelion time,the ephemeris is calculated.If the calculated ephemeris matches the historical records,it is concluded that the comet determined by orbital calculation is the same as the one recorded in history.With this method,three comets with four historical records have already been found.展开更多
The CCD photometric observation of comet 103P/Hartley 2 with broadband optical filters was carried out at Xuyi Station of Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences by use of Near Earth Object Telescope ...The CCD photometric observation of comet 103P/Hartley 2 with broadband optical filters was carried out at Xuyi Station of Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences by use of Near Earth Object Telescope （NEOT）. We monitored the comet from September 30 to November 4, 2010 and investigated the variation of activities. The Afp parameter derived from our r broadband data varies from 46.0 to 126.0 cm and increases with time. The dust production rate in terms of Afp was measured and a tentative calculation of the dust （or gas） loss-rate of nucleus was executed under the assumption that the nucleus of comet 103P/l-lartley 2 is spherical. The r-band image and the surface brightness profile taken on September 30, 2010 was measured and the gradient of surface brightness profile of 103P/Hartley 2 showed m 〈 -1.5,展开更多
基金Supported by the Research Group Project of Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University(No.RG-1435-012)
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anthropogenic pollution on DNA damage and the fatty acid profile of the bottom dweller fish （Cirrhinus mr^gala）, collected from the River Chenab, in order to assess the effect of the toxicants on the quality of the fish meat. The levels ofCd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr and Sn and of phenols from this river were significantly higher than the permissible limits set by the USEPA. Comet assays showed DNA damage in Cirrhinus mr^gala collected from three different sampling sites in the polluted area of the river. Significant differences were observed for DNA damage through comet assay in fish collected from polluted compared to control sites. No significant differences were observed for DNA damage between farmed and fish collected from upstream. The micronucleus assay showed similar trends. Fish from the highly polluted sites showed less number of fatty acids and more saturated fatty acids in their meat compared to fish from less polluted areas. Several fatty acids were missing in fish with higher levels of DNA in comet tail and micronucleus induction. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid （20：5n-3） was found missing in the fish from polluted environment while it was found in considerable amount in farmed fish 7.8±0.4%. Docosahexaenoic acid （22：6n-3） also showed significant differences as 0.1±0.0 and 7.0±0.1% respectively, in wild polluted and fanned fishes.
文摘Cadmium-induced DNA degradation in gill cells of the scallop Mizuhopectenyessoensis was assessed using the comet assay （single-cell gel electrophoresis）. Accumulation of highly toxic cadmium in the gill cells of bivalve is accompanied by the damage of the cell genome revealed as DNA migration in the comet assay. The main mechanisms of Cd effects on the integrity of the DNA structure are discussed.
文摘In frame of the asteroid-comet hazard problem study, a qualitative analysis of some methods for the effect on a celestial near-Earth object (NEO)-an asteroid, a comet — is carried out. The goal of the effect is a correction of this object’s orbit, its deflection from the Earth to prevent their collision. There are studied a mechanical impact-kinetic effect of the spacecraft (SC), a thermonuclear effect, an effect on a cometary nucleus for a controlled change of its dusty mantle and, therefore, its sublimation activity. Qualitative models of these effects are developed. Numerical analysis results are given for a group of NEOs such as some asteroids from the Apollo family (Apollo, Castalia, Nereus, Orpheus, Phaethon, Toutatis, etc.) and from the Aten family (Aten, Hathor, Khufu, etc.) as well as some short-periodic comets like the comet P/Biela. There are studied some characteristics of the effects on the NEOs such as the velocity impulse (or acceleration) applied to the celestial body, its deflection from the Earth. The study is supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Studies (Grant N 01-01-00133).
文摘Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) combining radiation on DNA injury-repair of Esophageal cancer EC109 cells. Methods: Using 10 and 20 μg/mL DATS on EC109 cells, and taking X-ray radiation 24 h later. Investigate the radiosensitization effect of DATS on EC109 cells by clone formation, and the mechanism of DNA injury-repair by Comet Assay. Results: The clone formation resulted that DATS had radiosensitization effect on EC109 cells. Radiosensitization enhancement ratios of 10 and 20 μg/mL DATS in combination with radiation were 1.55, 1.64 (Do) and 1.43, 1.75 (Dq) respectively. In the comet assay, the TM (tail moments) of 20 μg/mL DATS combining radiation group lines at 0 h, 2 h, 6 h and 24 h were 7.16 ± 2.61, 3.65 ± 2.06, 2.09 ± 0.83, 1.45 ± 1.37 respectively. They were slightly increased than radiation group (0.95 ± 0.65, 0.11 ± 0.07, 0.1 ± 0.05, 0.11 ± 0.08) and DATS group (1.81 ± 1.23, 1.58 ± 1.40, 0.45 ± 0.25, 0.60 ± 0.40) (P < 0.01). The result showed that DATS combining radiation had the effect of increasing DNA damage and inhibiting DNA repair on EC109 cells. Conclusion: DATS has radiosensitization effect on Esophageal cancer EC109 cells. And the effect is probably related with DNA injury-repair.
文摘The choice of a suitable species to translate pollution signals into a quantitative monitor is a fundamental step in biomonitoring plans. Here we present the results of three years of biomonitoring at a new coal power plant in central Italy using three different aquatic and terrestrial wildlife species in order to compare their reliability as sentinel organisms for genotoxicity. The comet assay was applied to the common land snail Helix spp., the lagoon fish Aphaniusfasciatus, and the green frog Rana esculenta sampled in the area potentially exposed to the impact of the power station. The tissue concentration of some expected pollutants （As, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr） was analysed in parallel samples collected in the same sampling sites. The three species showed different values in the comet assay （Tail Intensity） and different accumulation profiles of heavy metals. Aphanius fasciatus showed an increasing genotoxic effect over time that paralleled the temporal increase of the heavy metals, especially arsenic, and the highest correlation between heavy metals and DNA damage. Helix spp. showed levels of damage inversely related to the distance from the source of pollution and in partial accordance with the total accumulation of trace elements. On the contrary, Rana esculenta showed a low capability to accumulate metals and had inconsistent results in the comet test. The fish appeared to be the most efficient and sensitive species in detecting chemical pollution. Overall, both the fish and the snail reflected a trend of increasing pollution in the area surrounding the power plant across time and space [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 308-321, 2014].
基金supported by theNational Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10821061)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2007CB815103)
文摘The historical records of astronomical phenomena may play a significant role in comet identification.Getting an accurate result is based on many factors,of which the calculation of orbital elements is the most important.This paper presents a "Cross Reference" method in which the perturbation of Jupiter is the only considered factor used to attempt an efficient way of comet identification with ancient Chinese historical records.In this method,the records before and after the calculated result from orbital determination within the error range are compared with the historical records to find the correlated perihelion time,and then,with five other orbital elements at the perihelion time,the ephemeris is calculated.If the calculated ephemeris matches the historical records,it is concluded that the comet determined by orbital calculation is the same as the one recorded in history.With this method,three comets with four historical records have already been found.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 11003048, 10933004 and 10803022)Minor Planet Foundation of Purple Mountain Observatory and the exchange program between Finnish Academy (FA) and NSFC
文摘The CCD photometric observation of comet 103P/Hartley 2 with broadband optical filters was carried out at Xuyi Station of Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences by use of Near Earth Object Telescope （NEOT）. We monitored the comet from September 30 to November 4, 2010 and investigated the variation of activities. The Afp parameter derived from our r broadband data varies from 46.0 to 126.0 cm and increases with time. The dust production rate in terms of Afp was measured and a tentative calculation of the dust （or gas） loss-rate of nucleus was executed under the assumption that the nucleus of comet 103P/l-lartley 2 is spherical. The r-band image and the surface brightness profile taken on September 30, 2010 was measured and the gradient of surface brightness profile of 103P/Hartley 2 showed m 〈 -1.5,
