The characteristics of local thundersnow at ne spatiotemporal scale on 9 and 10 November 2009 in Beijing were analyzed,using wind pro ler,microwave radiometer,automatic weather station,Doppler weather radar,and satell...The characteristics of local thundersnow at ne spatiotemporal scale on 9 and 10 November 2009 in Beijing were analyzed,using wind pro ler,microwave radiometer,automatic weather station,Doppler weather radar,and satellite data.Furthermore,the causes of winter convection are discussed.The results showed that it was reflux weather.The cause of the thunder and lightning was the elevated convection above the lower cold and dry air,and the trigger for convection was the short wave trough and convergencein the middle level.This thundersnow event developed from monsoon-like long-lasting water vapor transport at 850 hPa from the South China Sea along with strong instability of,and convergence in,the conveyor layer.展开更多
In this study, aiming at the characteristics of randomness and dynamics in Wearable Audiooriented BodyNets (WA-BodyNets), stochastic differential game theory is applied to the investigation of the problem of transm...In this study, aiming at the characteristics of randomness and dynamics in Wearable Audiooriented BodyNets (WA-BodyNets), stochastic differential game theory is applied to the investigation of the problem of transmitted power control inconsumer electronic devices. First, astochastic differential game model is proposed for non-cooperative decentralized uplink power control with a wisdom regulation factor over WA-BodyNets with a onehop star topology.This model aims to minimize the cost associated with the novel payoff function of a player, for which two cost functions are defined: functions of inherent power radiation and accumulated power radiation darmge. Second, the feedback Nash equilibrium solution of the proposed model and the constraint of the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement of the player based on the SIR threshold are derived by solving the Fleming-Bellman-Isaacs partial differential equations. Furthermore, the Markov property of the optimal feedback strategies in this model is verified.The simulation results show that the proposed game model is effective and feasible for controlling the transmitted power of WA-BodyNets.展开更多
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites networks can provide multimedia service and plays an increasingly important role in the exploitation of space. However, one of the challenges in LEO satellites networks is that the s...Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites networks can provide multimedia service and plays an increasingly important role in the exploitation of space. However, one of the challenges in LEO satellites networks is that the services are suffered from high symbol error, limited storage space and limited available energy. To analyze the performance of the service in LEO satellites networks, a model, based on differential game, is proposed for satisfying the QoS requirements of multimedia applications. The controller of our model is the transmitting rate and the object is to maximize the payoff depending on the error symbol rate, the available energy, the bandwidth and the process ability so as to guarantee the QoS service. In order to solve our built model, we use the Bellman theorem to make formulas on the trance of the optimal transmitting rate. Furthermore, simulation results verify that the service can be maximized by using our derived transmitting rate trance.展开更多
SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry) and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) with DAD (diode array detection) were used to examine metal-wrapped coloured textiles. The ...SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry) and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) with DAD (diode array detection) were used to examine metal-wrapped coloured textiles. The sample was provided from Azerbaijan History Museum. Material included silk and thin wire. SEM micrographs showed that the metal strip had 250μm width and 6 9m thickness. SEM-EDS results indicated elemental composition of the wrapping: the presence of gold, silver as the components of the gilt metals. Furthermore, sulphur and chlorine were determined as contaminants. EDS analysis also revealed that both sides were gildered. Colouring compounds in the same sample were identified by HPLC-DAD. The major colouring compound found in the red fibre sample in large quantity was carminic acid and fuchsin components. The presence of fuchsin, which is a synthetic dye, dates the sample between the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century. Fisetin, which is a natural dye, was detected in the yellow fibre.展开更多
Load balancing plays a critical role in a cellular network. As one kind of cellular network, Radio-over-Fibre (RoF) system can provide ubiquitous high data-rate transmissions, which has attracted many attentions, bu...Load balancing plays a critical role in a cellular network. As one kind of cellular network, Radio-over-Fibre (RoF) system can provide ubiquitous high data-rate transmissions, which has attracted many attentions, but it also suffer load unbalancing problem. In order to improve the system performance, in this paper, we propose a novel loading balance scheme in RoF system based on differential game theory. The scheme formulates the load allocated to each RAP (Radio Access Point) as a Nasb Equilibrium, using non-cooperative differential game to obtain the optical load allocation of each RAP. The simulations performed show that the non-cooperative differential game algorithm is applicable and the optimal load solution can be achieved.展开更多
In the article, the author presents some arguments concerning the "mathematical method issue" in modem economics. The author shows why some reasons, according to which we should use mathematics in (economic) theor...In the article, the author presents some arguments concerning the "mathematical method issue" in modem economics. The author shows why some reasons, according to which we should use mathematics in (economic) theory, are not convincing (they are even tautological), and what does mathematization have to do with arbitrariness of the orthodox economic theory. The author also shows why using game theory (a mathematical discipline) in modem microeconomics does not yield knowledge and correct explanation of economic situations and phenomena. At the end, the author presents fundamental questions that form the basis of economic science and its qualitative research methods, and shows what their practical relevance is. The purpose of this article is to argue, contrary to common opinion, that there can be an exact and objective science of economic phenomena that does not necessarily use modem mathematical theories or methods to explain these phenomena.展开更多
基金supported by the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [grant number134111KYSB20180021]the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 41590871 and 41475136]the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China [grant number 2013DFG22820]
文摘The characteristics of local thundersnow at ne spatiotemporal scale on 9 and 10 November 2009 in Beijing were analyzed,using wind pro ler,microwave radiometer,automatic weather station,Doppler weather radar,and satellite data.Furthermore,the causes of winter convection are discussed.The results showed that it was reflux weather.The cause of the thunder and lightning was the elevated convection above the lower cold and dry air,and the trigger for convection was the short wave trough and convergencein the middle level.This thundersnow event developed from monsoon-like long-lasting water vapor transport at 850 hPa from the South China Sea along with strong instability of,and convergence in,the conveyor layer.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.61272506,No.61170014,the Foundation of Key Program of MOE of China under Grant No.311007,the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing under Grant No.4102041
文摘In this study, aiming at the characteristics of randomness and dynamics in Wearable Audiooriented BodyNets (WA-BodyNets), stochastic differential game theory is applied to the investigation of the problem of transmitted power control inconsumer electronic devices. First, astochastic differential game model is proposed for non-cooperative decentralized uplink power control with a wisdom regulation factor over WA-BodyNets with a onehop star topology.This model aims to minimize the cost associated with the novel payoff function of a player, for which two cost functions are defined: functions of inherent power radiation and accumulated power radiation darmge. Second, the feedback Nash equilibrium solution of the proposed model and the constraint of the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement of the player based on the SIR threshold are derived by solving the Fleming-Bellman-Isaacs partial differential equations. Furthermore, the Markov property of the optimal feedback strategies in this model is verified.The simulation results show that the proposed game model is effective and feasible for controlling the transmitted power of WA-BodyNets.
基金National Science Foundation Project of P.R.China,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites networks can provide multimedia service and plays an increasingly important role in the exploitation of space. However, one of the challenges in LEO satellites networks is that the services are suffered from high symbol error, limited storage space and limited available energy. To analyze the performance of the service in LEO satellites networks, a model, based on differential game, is proposed for satisfying the QoS requirements of multimedia applications. The controller of our model is the transmitting rate and the object is to maximize the payoff depending on the error symbol rate, the available energy, the bandwidth and the process ability so as to guarantee the QoS service. In order to solve our built model, we use the Bellman theorem to make formulas on the trance of the optimal transmitting rate. Furthermore, simulation results verify that the service can be maximized by using our derived transmitting rate trance.
文摘SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry) and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) with DAD (diode array detection) were used to examine metal-wrapped coloured textiles. The sample was provided from Azerbaijan History Museum. Material included silk and thin wire. SEM micrographs showed that the metal strip had 250μm width and 6 9m thickness. SEM-EDS results indicated elemental composition of the wrapping: the presence of gold, silver as the components of the gilt metals. Furthermore, sulphur and chlorine were determined as contaminants. EDS analysis also revealed that both sides were gildered. Colouring compounds in the same sample were identified by HPLC-DAD. The major colouring compound found in the red fibre sample in large quantity was carminic acid and fuchsin components. The presence of fuchsin, which is a synthetic dye, dates the sample between the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century. Fisetin, which is a natural dye, was detected in the yellow fibre.
基金This research was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.China
文摘Load balancing plays a critical role in a cellular network. As one kind of cellular network, Radio-over-Fibre (RoF) system can provide ubiquitous high data-rate transmissions, which has attracted many attentions, but it also suffer load unbalancing problem. In order to improve the system performance, in this paper, we propose a novel loading balance scheme in RoF system based on differential game theory. The scheme formulates the load allocated to each RAP (Radio Access Point) as a Nasb Equilibrium, using non-cooperative differential game to obtain the optical load allocation of each RAP. The simulations performed show that the non-cooperative differential game algorithm is applicable and the optimal load solution can be achieved.
文摘In the article, the author presents some arguments concerning the "mathematical method issue" in modem economics. The author shows why some reasons, according to which we should use mathematics in (economic) theory, are not convincing (they are even tautological), and what does mathematization have to do with arbitrariness of the orthodox economic theory. The author also shows why using game theory (a mathematical discipline) in modem microeconomics does not yield knowledge and correct explanation of economic situations and phenomena. At the end, the author presents fundamental questions that form the basis of economic science and its qualitative research methods, and shows what their practical relevance is. The purpose of this article is to argue, contrary to common opinion, that there can be an exact and objective science of economic phenomena that does not necessarily use modem mathematical theories or methods to explain these phenomena.