心结

我的老家在甘宁湖旁边的一个小山村,村里有一条终年潺潺的小河沟.村里人不管上坡下坡、赶集、走亲访友,还是孩子们上学都要淌过这条小河沟.村里人的生活跟小河沟密不可分.

Vacancy engineering mediated hollow structured ZnO/ZnS S-scheme heterojunction for highly efficient photocatalytic H_(2) production

Designing a step-scheme(S-scheme)heterojunction photocatalyst with vacancy engineering is a reliable approach to achieve highly efficient photocatalytic H_(2)production activity.Herein,a hollow ZnO/ZnS S-scheme heterojunction with O and Zn vacancies(VO,Zn-ZnO/ZnS)is rationally constructed via ion-exchange and calcination treatments.In such a photocatalytic system,the hollow structure combined with the introduction of dual vacancies endows the adequate light absorption.Moreover,the O and Zn vacancies serve as the trapping sites for photo-induced electrons and holes,respectively,which are beneficial for promoting the photo-induced carrier separation.Meanwhile,the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism can not only improve the separation and transfer efficiencies of photo-induced carrier but also retain the strong redox capacity.As expected,the optimized VO,Zn-ZnO/ZnS heterojunction exhibits a superior photocatalytic H_(2) production rate of 160.91 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),approximately 643.6 times and 214.5 times with respect to that obtained on pure ZnO and ZnS,respectively.Simultaneously,the experimental results and density functional theory calculations disclose that the photo-induced carrier transfer pathway follows the S-scheme heterojunction mechanism and the introduction of O and Zn vacancies reduces the surface reaction barrier.This work provides an innovative strategy of vacancy engineering in S-scheme heterojunction for solar-to-fuel energy conversion.

Review on Development and Application of Fabric Electrodes in Electrocardiogram Monitoring Garments

Cardiovascular disease persists as the primary cause of human mortality,significantly impacting healthy life expectancy.The routine electrocardiogram(ECG)stands out as a pivotal noninvasive diagnostic tool for identifying arrhythmias.The evolving landscape of fabric electrodes,specifically designed for the prolonged monitoring of human ECG signals,is the focus of this research.Adhering to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA)statement and assimilating data from 81 pertinent studies sourced from reputable databases,the research conducts a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the materials,fabric structures and preparation methods of fabric electrodes in the existing literature.It provides a nuanced assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of diverse textile materials and structures,elucidating their impacts on the stability of biomonitoring signals.Furthermore,the study outlines current developmental constraints and future trajectories for fabric electrodes.These insights could serve as essential guidance for ECG monitoring system designers,aiding them in the selection of materials that optimize the measurement of biopotential signals.

China’s Urbanization Process and Outlook~

Starting JPom a low level China＇s rapid urOamzatlon ttas talcen on a targe scale over the past three decades. The urbanization of urban clusters has become a key driver of China＇s economic development. However, China＇s urbanization has been confronted with many issues, such as high resource and environmental costs, low level of citizenship for migrant workers, strong economic polarization and excessive dependence on land encroachment. In the near future, China＇s urbanization will enter a period of strategic transitioning, and the enhancement of the quality of urbanization will become a strategic priority. China＇s urbanization rate is projected to reach 60% by 2020 and 68% by 2030, eventually exceeding 80% by 2050. China＇s future urbanization must proceed from local realities, promote the balanced development of small, medium-sized and large cities and towns, optimize the spatial layout of urbanization, and follow a sensible pattern.

APPLICATION AND INFLUENCE OF HOLLOW OPTICAL FIBER EMBEDDED IN FIBER GLASS/EPOXY COMPOSITE MATERIALS

The method for self diagnose and self repair of composite materials using hollow optical fiber with injected adhesive is first put forward. The investigation and analysis of pass light mechanism of hollow optical fiber are made in detail. The measurement principle, method and experimental research on self diagnose of the rupture place in composite materials by using hollow optical fiber are also put forward. Experiments on composite materials with or without embedded optical fiber are performed according to Chinese test standards in order to find out the comparable characters. Based on the experimental results, it is found that there is only little difference on the mechanical behavior of composite materials with or without embedded hollow optical fibers. In other words, this method can be used in engineering practice, such as in smart structures and other fields. Finally the general scheme of the entire system is given.

THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ICAI COGNITIVE MODEL BASED ON MEANING

Cognitive models must be able to adapt the students learning behaviors dynamically.In our point of view,the processes of learning and understanding are,in nature,the procedure that gains the meaning of the object to be learned.So,ICAI cognitive models should reflect the meaning structure of the domain knowledge in students mind.According to this view,we developed the meaning theory of Ludwig Wittgenstein,and proposed the concept of meaning conjoinism.On the basis of the meaning conjoinism we proposed a meaning oriented ICAI cognitive model and its corresponding teaching tactics.Furthermore,we developed an ICAI system named Thinking and the efficiency of our proposal has been demonstrated.

Surgical Significance of the Aortic Root and its Neighbouring Structure Relationships

Objective: To measure the calibration of different levels in aortic root andevaluate the relationships between the aortic sinuses and its neighbouring structure. Methods:Thirty heart specimens from cadaver of normal adult were studied. The dimensions of four levels inaortic root were measured and the relationships between the aortic sinues and its neighbouringstructure were observed. Results: The dimensions of four levels in aortic root obtained as follows;Sinus > STJ1 > STJ0 > Base (P < 0.05) . The dimensions of the aortic valve leaflets were measured.The right coronary leaflet was larger than those of the left coronary and noncor-onary leaflets .But there was no statistical signiftcane (P > 0.05) . The relationships between the middle axis ofthe anterior valve of the bicuspid valve and the aortic sinuses were examined. The middle axis ofthe anterior valve in 26 specimens (86.6%) located between the left coronary sinus and thenoncoronary sinus . The relationship between the aortic prominence of the right atrium and theaortic sinuses was examined. The aortic prominence was formed from noncoronary sinus in 22 specimens(73.3%) . The relationship between the middle point of the right and left pulmonary valves and theaortic sinuses was examined. The middle point of the right and left pulmonary valves in 24 specimens(80%) was faced to the point between the right and left aortic sinuses . Conclusion: The dimensionof the four levels in aortic root is as follows, sinus > STJ1 > STJ0 > Base (P < 0.05) . There wasno statistical significance in the size of the three aortic valve leaflets (P > 0.05).

Existence and Uniqueness of Nested Regular Quadrilateral Central Configurations

Two cases of the nested configurations in R3 consisting of two regular quadrilaterals are discussed. One case of them do not form central configuration, the other case can be central configuration. In the second case the existence and uniqueness of the central configuration are studied. If the configuration is a central configuration, then all masses of outside layer are equivalent, similar to the masses of inside layer. At the same time the following relation between r(the ratio of the sizes) and mass ratio b = m/m must be satisfied in which the masses at outside layer are not less than the masses at inside layer, and the solution of this kind of central configuration is unique for the given ratio (6) of masses.

Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for gallstone disease

AIM: To establish an association between the presence of metabolic syndrome and the development of gallstone disease. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study in a check-up unit in a university hospital in Mexico City. We enrolled 245 subjects, comprising 65 subjects with gallstones (36 women, 29 men) and 180 controls (79 women and 101 men without gallstones). Body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma insulin, and serum lipids and lipoproteins levels were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment. Unconditional logistic regression analysis (univariate and multivariate) was used to calculate the risk of gallstone disease associated with the presence of at least three of the criteria (Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ). Analyses were adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: Among 245 subjects, metabolic syndrome was present in 40% of gallstone disease subjects, compared with 17.2% of the controls, adjusted by age and gender (odds ratio (OR) = 2.79; 95%CI, 1.46-5.33; P= 0.002), a dose-dependent effect was observed with each component of metabolic syndrome (OR=2.36, 95%CI, 0.72-7.71; P= 0.16 with one component and OR = 5.54, 95%CI, 1.35-22.74; P = 0.02 with four components of metabolic syndrome). Homeostasis model assessment was significantly associated with gallstone disease (adjusted OR = 2.25; 95%CI, 1.08-4.69; P= 0.03). CONCLUSION: We conclude that as for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, gallstone disease appears to be strongly associated with metabolic syndrome.

Echocardiographic Monitoring of Cardiac Parameters after Mitral Valve Replacement with the Preservation of Subvalvular Structures

To date many monitoring techniques have been used to determine the efficacy of surgical correction of mitral valve disease. The most common non-invasive method in use is echocardiography which can assess the myocardial and mitral valve function changes after mitral valve replacement procedures. In this study, we investigated the five-year follow-up echocardiographic results of 143 patients undergoing mitral valve replacement with preservation of subvalvular apparatus to analyze the recovery of myocardial and mitral valve functions.

Numerical investigation of effect of eccentric decoupled charge structure on blasting-induced rock damage

Eccentric decoupling blasting is commonly used in underground excavation.Determination of perimeter hole parameters(such as the blasthole diameter,spacing,and burden)based on an eccentric charge structure is vital for achieving an excellent smooth blasting effect.In this paper,the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma(RHT)model was employed to study rock mass damage under smooth blasting.Firstly,the parameters of the RHT model were calibrated by using the existing SHPB experiment,which were then verified by the existing blasting experiment results.Secondly,the influence of different charge structures on the blasting effect was investigated using the RHT model.The simulation results indicated that eccentric charge blasting has an obvious pressure eccentricity effect.Finally,to improve the blasting effect,the smooth blasting parameters were optimized based on an eccentric charge structure.The overbreak and underbreak phenomena were effectively controlled,and a good blasting effect was achieved with the optimized blasting parameters.

Existence and uniqueness of a class of double pyramidal central configurations in six-body problems

Under the necessary conditions for a double pyramidal central configuration with a diamond base to exist in the real number space, the existence and uniqueness of such configurations were studied by employing combinedly the algebraic method and numerical calculation. It is found that there exists a planar curl triangle region G in a square Q such that any point in G and given by the ratio of the two diagonal lengths of the diamond base and the ratio of one diagonal length of the base to the height of the double pyramid configuration determines a unique double pyramid central configuration, while all points in Q-G have no referance to any central configuration.

Electrochemical performances of Mg_(45)M_5Co_(50)(M=Pd, Zr) ternary hydrogen storage electrodes

In order to improve the discharge capacity and cyclic life of Mg-Co-based alloy, ternary Mg45M5Co50 （M=Pd, Zr） alloys were synthesized via mechanical alloying. TEM analysis demonstrates that these alloys all possess body-centered cubic （BCC） phase in nano-crystalline. Electrochemical experiments show that Mg45Zr5Co50 electrode exhibits the highest capacity （425 mA·h/g） among the Mg45M5Co50 （M=Mg, Pd, Zr） alloys. And Mg45Pd5Co50 electrode lifts not only the initial discharge capacity （379 mA·h/g）, but also the discharge kinetics, e.g., exchange current density and hydrogen diffusion ability from that of Mg50Co50. It could be concluded that the electrochemical performances were enhanced by substituting Zr and Pd for Mg in Mg-Co-based alloy.

Outcome measures in clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine for stable angina pectoris

Objective:This work aimed to present a descriptive analysis of the outcome measures used in clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for patients with stable angina pectoris,and to provide baseline data for the development of core outcome sets(COSs)for relevant clinical trials.Methods:Medical databases were searched to identify randomized trials of the effects of TCM for the treatment of stable angina pectoris.Outcome measures of each trial were extracted.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the baseline characteristics of outcomes in clinical trials of TCM.Results:94 randomized trials(with 9,111 participants)involving 79 different outcomes were identified.The mean number of outcomes was 5(1-21 per trial).The 5 most commonly reported outcomes were efficacy rate of electrocardiogram,efficacy rate of angina pectoris,efficacy rate of TCM syndrome,fasting lipid indices,and withdrawal rate of nitroglycerin.Several challenges were identified:(1)significant heterogeneity of outcomes and differences in the technique and timing of the measurement of the same outcome;(2)transformation of continuous data into categorical data and presented as such in>90% of trials;(3)few trials on the outcomes associated with the advantages and characteristics of TCM;and(4)selective reporting of outcomes.Conclusions:The outcomes used are excessively heterogenous,and the choice of some outcomes(timing and techniques)for measurement is confusing or inappropriate.Hence,developing and implementing a COS is necessary for greater consistency.

Anesthesia Management at Fuwai Hospital:Practice,Evidence and Outcomes

Fuwai Hospital was established in 1956 and the Anesthesia Department of Fuwai Hospital was one of the earliest anesthesia departments then in China.Under the leadership of several department directors and with the concerted efforts of all generations of colleagues,the Anesthesia Department of Fuwai Hospital has dramatically transformed,upgraded and modernized.For more than six decades,the Anesthesia Department has been providing high-quality peri-operative anesthesia care for cardiovascular surgeries,conducting innovative experimental and clinical researches,and offering comprehensive training on cardiovascular anesthesiology for professionals across China.Currently,Fuwai Hospital is the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China and one of the largest cardiovascular centers in the world.The present review introduces the Anesthesia Department of Fuwai Hospital,summarizes its current practice of anesthesia management,the outcomes of cardiovascular surgeries at Fuwai Hospital,accumulates relevant evidence,and provides prospects for future development of cardiovascular anesthesiology.

Anterior myocardial pseudoinfarction in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis remains one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Among its precipitating factors is myocardial ischemia, responsible for 1% of the cases of diabetic ketoacidosis.Ell Diabetic ketoacidosis both with and without hyperkalemia has been reported to mimic a myocardial infarction pattem on ECG with ST segment elevation, described as pseudoinfarction pattern. Thus, it is important to raise awareness among physicians, as subjecting patients to invasive medical management can be avoided. We present a case of a 47-year-old female with diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperkalemia with initial ECG findings of ST segment elevation, but an urgent left heart catheterization revealed non-obstructive coronary disease.

Severe chest pain in a pediatric ulcerative colitis patient after 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy

Severe reactions to mesalamine products are rarely seen in pediatric patients. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy who had a severe cardiac reaction to a mesalamine product Asacol. Past medical history is significant for ulcerative colitis (UC) diagnosed at 9 years of age. Colo- noscopy one week prior to admission revealed pancoli- tis. He was treated with Asacol 800 mg three times per day and prednisone 20 mg/d. He was subsequently ad- mitted to the hospital for an exacerbation of his UC and started on intravenous solumedrol. He had improvement of his abdominal pain and diarrhea. The patient com- plained of new onset of chest pain upon initiating Asacol therapy. Electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed non-specific ST-T wave changes with T-wave inversion in the lateral leads. Echocardiogram (ECHO) revealed low-normal to mildly depressed left ventricular systolic function. The left main coronary artery and left anterior descending artery were mildly prominent measuring 5 mm and 4.7 mm, respectively. His chest pain completely resolved within 24-36 h of discontinuing Asacol. A repeat echo- cardiogram performed two days later revealed normal left ventricular function with normal coronary arteries (< 3.5 mm). Onset of chest pain after Asacol and im- mediate improvement of chest pain, as well as improve- ment of echocardiogram and ECG findings after discon- tinuing Asacol suggests that our patient suffered from a rare drug-hypersensitivity reaction to Asacol.

Role of surgery in pancreatic cancer

Treatment of pancreatic cancer is multimodal and surgery is an essential part,mandatory for curative potential.Also chemotherapy is essential,and serious postoperative complications or rapid disease progression may preclude completion of multimodal treatment.The sequence of treatment interventions has therefore become an important concern,and numerous ongoing randomized controlled trials compare clinical outcome after upfront surgery and neoadjuvant treatment with subsequent resection.In previous years,borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer was most often considered unresectable.More effective chemotherapy together with the latest improvements in surgical expertise has resulted in extended operations,pushing the borders of resectability.Multivisceral resections with or without resection of major mesen-teric vessels are now performed in numerous patients,resulting in better outcome,recorded as overall survival and/or patient reported outcome.But postoperative morbidity increases concurrently,and clinical benefit must be carefully evaluated against risk of potential harm,associated with new comprehensive multimodal treatment sequences.Even though cost/utility analyses are deficient,extended surgery has resulted in signifi-cantly longer and better life for many patients with no other treatment alternative.Improved selection of patients to surgery and/or chemotherapy will in the near future be possible,based on better tumor biology insight.Clinically available biomarkers enabling personalized treatment are forthcoming,but these options are still limited.The importance of surgical resection for each patient’s prognosis is presently increasing,justifying sustained expansion of the surgical treatment modality.

Analysis and behaviour of FRP-confined short concrete columns subjected to eccentric loading

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites were widely utilized in civil engineering structures as the retrofit of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. To design FRP jackets safely and economically, the behaviour of such columns should be predicted first. This paper is concerned with the analysis and behaviour of FRP-confined RC circular and rectangular short col- umns subjected to eccentric loading. A simple design-oriented stress-strain model for FRP-confined concrete in a section analysis was first proposed. The accuracy was then proved by two test data. Following that, a parametric study including amount of FRP confinement, FRP strain capacity, unconfined concrete strength and shape of column section is provided. Some conclusions were obtained at the end of the paper. The work here will provide a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of FRP-confined concrete columns. The simplicity of the model also enables a simple equivalent stress block to be developed for direct use in practical design.

Acute coronary syndrome after infliximab therapy in a patient with Crohn’s disease

Infliximab is a potent anti-TNF antibody, which is used with great success in Crohn’s disease patients. Since its release in clinical practice, several adverse reactions have been observed. The interest in possible consequences of its administration is still high because of the recent introduction of the drug for the long-term maintenance therapy of refractory luminal and fistulizing Crohn’s disease. We present a case of acute coronary syndrome (non-STEMI) in a patient with corticoid resistant Crohn’s disease after his first dose of infliximab. By reviewing the scant articles that exist in the literature on this topic we made an effort to delineate the possible mechanisms of this phenomenon.