治疗性沟通对老年脑卒中病人自我感受负担的影响

[目的]探讨治疗性沟通对老年脑卒中病人自我感受负担(SPB)的影响。[方法]采用随机数字表法将60例存在SPB的老年脑卒中病人分夫妇为为两组各30例,对照组给予常规护理及一般性沟通,干预组在此基础上给予治疗性沟通,采用自我感受负担量表(SPBS)评价干预效果。[结果]干预后两组病人SPB总分、照护负担维度、情感负担维度得分以及SPB程度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。[结论]治疗性沟通能有效减轻老年脑卒中病人的自我感受负担。

Attitudes Toward People Who Stutter in the Chinese Context: An Exploratory Study on the Impact of Knowledge Sources

The public’s attitudes can affect the experience of stuttering of people who stutter.This study investigated the attitudes held by the public about people who stutter in China.A web-based written survey with closed and open-ended questions was implemented to develop a rich understanding.One hundred and two respondents in 26 provinces and 3 municipalities provided comments on people who stutter in their life aspects such as personality,speech,social life,work,life participation,education,dating and marriage,capability,and communication skills.The predominantly negative attitudes towards the overall domains were identified.Attitudes to people who stutter varied according to the different sources of knowledge.Familiarity with people who stutter might reduce stereotypes.However,knowledge from the media might aggravate stereotypes.Implications and future research orientation were also discussed.

3-D Simulation of FINFET

An SOI MOSFET with FINFET structure is simulated using a 3 D simulator. I V characteristics and sub threshold characteristics,as well as the short channel effect(SCE) are carefully investigated.SCE can be well controlled by reducing fin height.Good performance can be achieved with thin height,so fin height is considered as a key parameter in device design.Simulation results show that FINFETs present performance superior to conventional single gate devices.

Three new species of Parandrexis(Coleoptera:Parandrexidae) from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia,China

Three well-preserved fossil species ofParandrexis longicornis Lu, Shih ＆ Ren sp. nov., P. agilis Lu, Shih ＆ Ren sp. nov. and P. oblongis Lu, Shih ＆ Ren sp. nov. are described and illustrated from the late Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. These new species are distinguished from other described species of Parandrexis by body size, head dimension （ratio of length to width）, pronotum shape, and antennal characters. Based on new morphological data, we emend the generic diagnosis. These findings support the sexual size dimorphism of parandrexids and suggest a gymnosperm sap feeding habit by Parandrexis.

Debris Flow Susceptibility Assessment Using a Probabilistic Approach:A Case Study in the Longchi Area, Sichuan Province, China

The Longchi area with the city of Dujiangyan, in the Sichuan province of China, is composed of Permian stone and diorites and Triassic sandstones and mudstones intercalated with slates. An abundance of loose co-seismic materials were present on the slopes after the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which in later years served as source material for rainfall-induced debris flows or shallow landslides. A total of 48 debris flows, all triggered by heavy rainfall on 13th August 20l0, are described in this paper. Field investigation, supported by remote sensing image interpretation, was conducted to interpret the co-seismic landslides in the debris flow gullies. Specific characteristics of the study area such as slope, aspect, elevation, channel gradient, lithology, and gully density were selected for the evaluation of debris flow susceptibility. A score was given to all the debris flow gullies based on the probability of debris flow occurrence for the selected factors. In order to get the contribution of the different factors, principal component analyses were applied. A comprehensive score was obtained for the 48 debris flow gullies which enabled us to make a susceptibility map for debris flows with three classes. Twenty-two gullies have a high susceptibility, twenty gullies show a moderate susceptibility and six gullies have a low susceptibility for debris flows.

Characteristics and stability of slope movement response to underground mining of shallow coal seams away from gullies

Underground pressure is abnormal during mining of shallow coal seams under gullies. We studied gully slope movements, subject to underground mining, with physical simulation and theoretical analysis. The rules disclose that the slope rock slides horizontally in response to mining in the direction of gullies and rotates reversely with the appearance of a polygon block in mining away from gullies. We focused our attention on the case of mining away from a gully. We built a mechanical model in terms of a polygon block hinged structure and investigated the variation of horizontal thrust and shear force at the hinged point in relation to the rotation angle under different fragmentations. The Sliding-Rotation instability conditions of the polygon block hinged structure are presented based on the analyses of sliding instability and rotation instability. These results can serve as a theoretical guide for roof control during mining away from gullies in a coalfield defined by gullies.

SPIROCHETES—— THE POSSIBLE ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR OF THE CHEILITIS GRANULOMATOSA

To detect spirochetes in sections and to study the therapeutic effect of penicillin in cheilitis granulomatosa (CG) and Melkersson- Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) and the relationship between the spirochetes infection and CG and MRS. Methods. Routine HE sections and Warthin- Starry special staining were carried out in 20 cases of CG and 6 cases of MRS. Meanwhile there were 9 cases of CG and 2 cases of MRS were treated by penicillin (12 000 000u,IV, per day) for two courses (14 days). Results. A kind of spirochete was discovered in the sections of all cases of the CG and MRS .The CG and MRS could be divided into two types histopathologically, that is granuloma type and interstitial inflammatory type (non- granuloma type), those morphological changes tallied with spirochetosis. After treatment by penicillin, the facial and labial swelling of the 11 cases of CG and MRS were abated. Conclusion. CG and MRS probably are infectious diseases caused by spirochetes.

Acute appendicitis presenting with abdominal wall and right groin abscess:A case report

We report a case of right lower abdominal wall and groin abscess resulting from acute appendicitis. The patient was an 27-year-old man who had no apparent abdominal signs and was brought to the hospital due to progressive painful swelling of right lower abdomen and the groin for 10 d. Significant inflammatory changes of soft tissue involving the right lower trunk were noted without any apparent signs of peritonitis. Laboratory results revealed leukocytosis. Abdominal ultrasonography described the presence of abscess at right inguinal site also communicating with the intraabdominal region. Right inguinal exploration and laparotomy were performed and about 250 mL of pus was drained from the subcutaneous tissue and preperitoneal space. No collection of pus was found intraabdominally and subserous acute appendicitis was the cause of the abscess. The patient fully recovered at the end of the second post-operation week. This case reminds us that acute appendicitis may have an atypical clinical presentation and should be treated carefully on an emergency basis to avoid serious complications.

Thermal Characteristics of Heat Pipe with Axially Swallow-tailed Microgrooves

A thermal model for a heat pipe with axially swallow-tailed microgrooves is developed and analyzed numerically to predict the heat transfer capacity and total thermal resistance.The effect of heat load on the axial distribution of capillary radius,and the effect of working temperature and wick structure on the maximum heat transfer capability,as well as the effect of the heat load and working temperature on the total thermal resistance are all investigated and discussed.It is indicated that the meniscus radius increases non-linearly and slowly at the evaporator and adiabatic section along the axial direction,while increasing drastically at the beginning of the condenser section.The pressure difference in the vapor phase along the axial direction is much smaller than that in the liquid phase.In addition,the heat transfer capacity is deeply affected by the working temperature and the size of the wick.A groove wick structure with a wider groove base width and higher groove depth can enhance the heat transfer capability.The effect of the working temperature on the total thermal resistance is insignificant;however,the total thermal resistance shows dependence upon the heat load.In addition,the accuracy of the model is also verified by the experiment in this paper.

Influence of Tourists′ Environmental Tropisms on Their Attitudes to Tourism and Nature Conservation in Natural Tourist Destinations: A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou National Park in China

People′s environmental tropism has an effect on their understanding of tourism-nature relationship,and also influences their attitudes to natural resources utilization and environmental protection.Taking Jiuzhaigou National Park of China as a study case,the authors conducted some quantitative analyses with the tools of SPSS 16.0 and LISREL 8.7,to explore the influence of tourists′ environmental tropism on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation in the natural tourist destination.Three hypotheses and the theoretic model of influences of tourists′ environmental tropism on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation have been tested and accepted based on the Structural Equation Model analysis on survey data collected in Jiuzhaigou National Park of China.Some conclusions were drawn as follows: 1) tourists′ human-prioritized concept influences their cognition to tourism-nature relationship.This concept has a positive influence on their supportive attitudes to tourism,but a negative influence on their attitudes to nature conservation;2) tourists′ human-nature coordination concept has a positive influence on their supportive attitudes to both tourism and nature conservation,especially to the latter.This paper generally proves that human′s environmental tropism does have an influence on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation in natural tourist destinations.

Mechanism of Downcutting Erosion of Debris Flow over a Movable Bed

The phenomenon of debris flow is intermediate between mass movement and solid transport. Flows can be sudden, severe and destructive. Understanding debris flow erosion processes is the key to providing geomorphic explanations, but progress has been limited because the physical-mechanical properties, movement laws and erosion characteristics are different from those of sediment-laden flow. Using infinite slope theory, this research examines the process and mechanism of downcutting erosion over a moveable bed in a viscous debris flow gully. It focuses specifically on the scour depth and the critical slope for viscous debris flow,and formulas for both calculations are presented.Both scour depth and the critical conditions of downcutting erosion are related to debris flow properties(sand volume concentration and flow depth) and gully properties(longitudinal slope,viscous and internal friction angle of gully materials,and coefficient of kinetic friction). In addition, a series of flume experiments was carried out to characterize the scouring process of debris flows with different properties. The calculated values agreed well with the experimental data. These theoretical formulas are reasonable, and using infinite slope theory to analyze down cutting erosion from viscous debris flow is feasible.

Simulation and Optimization of Furrow Irrigation by the Model SASlS： Sensibility to the Spatial and Temporal Weighted Factors

The surface irrigation systems are the most used not just in Brazil, but in the whole world mainly due to the economy of energy and its operation easiness; however, these systems present low levels of performance, usually, as a consequence of inadequate design and management. Thus, the objective of this research was to develop a tool capable to make possible the simulation and optimization of the continuous flow furrow irrigation performance, making successive simulations of the advance phase and respective prognostics of the performance parameters of the irrigation system. The proposed model is denominated SASIS, ＂Software Applied to Simulation of the Surface Irrigation＂, and had its validation tested for different field conditions. In this paper, the simulation and the optimization of the furrow irrigation by the model SASIS are evaluated regarding to the spatial （4） and temporal （0） weighted factors, which account for the nonlinear variation in the surface and subsurface flow profiles. The analysis of the sensitivity of simulation of the advance phase in the irrigation identified ranges of combinations between spatial and temporal weighted factors of the surface and subsurface flow profiles, resulted in acceptable discrepancies between simulated and measured advance time. Also it was verified that conjugated effect of these weighted factors on the simulation of the advance phase was greater than the effect of the temporal weighted factor. The model presents effective mechanisms in the accomplishment of countless simulations, in a discharge strip understood between the minimum and the maximum allowable values, aiming to determine the relationship between discharge and water application efficiency, deep percolation and runoff rates, and consequently to optimize the performance of the furrow irrigation systems with continuous flow.

Fabrication and thermal performance of grooved-sintered wick heat pipe

Some novel grooved-sintered composite wick heat pipes(GSHP) were developed for the electronic device cooling.The grooved-sintered wicks of GSHP were fabricated by the processes of oil-filled high-speed spin forming and solid state sintering.The wick could be divided into two parts for liquid capillary pumping flow:groove sintered zone and uniform sintered zone.Both of the thermal resistance network model and the maximum heat transfer capability model of GSHP were built.Compared with the theoretical values,the heat transfer limit and thermal resistance of GSHP were measured from three aspects:copper powder size,wick thickness and number of micro grooves.The results show that the wick thickness has the greatest effect on the thermal resistance of GSHP while the copper powder size has the most important influence on the heat transfer limit.Given certain copper powder size and wick thickness,the thermal resistance of GSHP can be the lowest when micro-groove number is about 55.

Nonlinear morphological characteristics of debris flow in Dongcheng area of Helong,Jilin

Helong City is located in the northeastern Changbai Mountain with a poor geological environment,there often occur debris flows,collapses and landslides;especially debris flows restrict the local economic development. Based on fractal theory and the surveying data of 34 debris flows,the authors studied fractal feature of debris flow gully and its various situations of fractal dimensions in different observation scales. The nonlinear relation reveals the development of non-uniformity and self similarity of debris flow gully.

Relationships between Soil Depth and Terrain Attributes in a Semi Arid Hilly Region in Western Iran

Soil depth generally varies in mountainous regions in rather complex ways.Conventional soil survey methods for evaluating the soil depth in mountainous and hilly regions require a lot of time,effort and consequently relatively large budget to perform.This study was conducted to explore the relationships between soil depth and topographic attributes in a hilly region in western Iran.For this,one hundred sampling points were selected using randomly stratified methodology,and considering all geomorphic surfaces including summit,shoulder,backslope,footslope and toeslope;and soil depth was actually measured.Eleven primary and secondary topographic attributes were derived from the digital elevation model(DEM) at the study area.The result of multiple linear regression indicated that slope,wetness index,catchment area and sediment transport index,which were included in the model,could explain about 76 % of total variability in soil depth at the selected site.This proposed approach may be applicable to other hilly regions in the semi-arid areas at a larger scale.

Diurnal Variation in Relative Photosynthetic Performance of Marestail (Hippuris vulgaris Linn.) Across a Water Temperature Gradient using PAM Fluorometry in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province,China

This paper reports the first photosynthetic study of marestail in Jiuzhaigou. In this work, we used PAM fluorometry to examine photosynthetic rates of submerged and emerged marestail in three lakes. Three lakes were studied across a gradient of water temperature, with low water temperature conditions in Grass Lake and Arrow Bamboo Lake, and higher water temperature in Five Colored Lake. In the field, electron transport rates （ETRmax） were measured as rapid light curves （RLCs） by in situ yield measurements. Submerged and emerged marestail showed higher photosynthetic activity in Five Colored Lake compared to the other lakes, a response consistent with the adaptation of marestail in Five Colored Lake to high water temperature. The optimal temperature for photosynthesis of submerged marestail in Jiuzhaigou was about 12 ~C. Non- photochemical quenching （NPQ） of submerged and emerged marestail increased with increasing water temperature. Maximum quantum yield （Fv/Fm） of submerged marestail in Five Colored Lake showed full recovery at 170o h due to higher NPQ. Further, the chlorophyll a for submerged marestail was the highestin Grass Lake and the lowest in Five Colored Lake. These results indicate that in different lakes the function of these aquatic plants is associated with a diversity of place-dependent environmental conditions, especially water temperature that leads to pronounced differences in the plant＇s ecophysiological reactions.

Friction properties of groove texture on Cr12MoV surface

To analyze the influence of surface texture on friction properties of Crl2MoV＇, ordinary grinder and spinning technology were adopted to obtain the grooved surface morphology of samples, and then the impact of spindle speed and feed in z-direction on surface morphology in the process of spinning was studied. In addition, the corresponding friction coefficient of sample was obtained through friction and wear tests. The results show that the peak clipping and the valley filling were conducted on the grinding surface, which could improve the surface roughness effectively and make the grinding trench-type wear scar more uniform. Both the area ratio of groove and groove spacing increased initially and then decreased with the increase of the spindle speed or the feed in z-direction. As a kind of micro-process, the groove could influence the friction coefficient of sample surface, whose distribution was beneficial to the reduction of friction coefficient. Compared with the surface obtained through ordinary grinding, grooved surface morphology through spinning technology was more conductive to reduce the friction coefficient, which could be reduced by 25%. When the friction coefficient of sample was reduced to the minimum, the texture of groove corresponded had an optimal area ratio and an optimal groove spacing, 37.5% and 27.5 μm, respectively.

Characteristics of viscous debris flow in a drainage channel with an energy dissipation structure

A new type of drainage channel with an energy dissipation structure has been proposed based on previous engineering experiences and practical requirements for hazard mitigation in earthquakeaffected areas.Experimental studies were performed to determine the characteristics of viscous debris flow in a drainage channel of this type with a slope of 15%.The velocity and depth of the viscous debris flow were measured,processed,and subsequently used to characterize the viscous debris flow in the drainage channel.Observations of this experiment showed that the surface of the viscous debris flow in a smooth drainage channel was smoother than that of a similar debris flow passing through the energy dissipation section in a channel of the new type studied here.However,the flow patterns in the two types of channels were similar at other points.These experimental results show that the depth of the viscous debris flow downstream of the energy dissipation structure increased gradually with the length of the energy dissipation structure.In addition,in the smooth channel,the viscous debris-flow velocity downstream of the energy dissipation structure decreased gradually with the length of the energy dissipation structure.Furthermore,theviscous debris-flow depth and velocity were slightly affected by variations in the width of the energy dissipation structure when the channel slope was 15%.Finally,the energy dissipation ratio increased gradually as the length and width of the energy dissipation structure increased;the maximum energy dissipation ratio observed was 62.9%(where B = 0.6m and L/w = 6.0).