Based on the Decisions of the CPC Central Committee on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and the Overall Plan on Deepening Fiscal and Tax Reforms, this paper presents a systematic assessme...Based on the Decisions of the CPC Central Committee on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and the Overall Plan on Deepening Fiscal and Tax Reforms, this paper presents a systematic assessment of the progress of China's new round of fiscal and tax reforms from November 2013 to October 2016 with the following findings. Reform of the budgetary management system has yielded initial results yet remains in the preliminary stage. While progress has been made in reforming indirect taxes, the reform of direct taxes is slow and presents a major obstacle. Despite breakthroughs, the progress of public finance reforms remains slow and impedes reforms on other fronts. Fiscal and tax reforms are uneven and should be implemented in coordination. Fiscal and tax reforms should more vigorously support overall reforms.展开更多
this paper overall programme research on virtual design technology of machine tools, not only established a virtual design environment, identify reasonable options in a relatively short period of time, but also provid...this paper overall programme research on virtual design technology of machine tools, not only established a virtual design environment, identify reasonable options in a relatively short period of time, but also providing the basis for quotation, therefore reflecting a favourable measures quickly to market demand.展开更多
To reduce the size of certificate chains and the ciphertext size in secure routing protocols, a General Aggregate Signcryption Scheme (GASC) is presented. In GASC, an identity-based signcryption algorithm and an aggre...To reduce the size of certificate chains and the ciphertext size in secure routing protocols, a General Aggregate Signcryption Scheme (GASC) is presented. In GASC, an identity-based signcryption algorithm and an aggregate signature algorithm are combined in a practical and secure manner to form the general aggregate signcryption scheme's schema and concept, and a new secure, efficiently general aggregate signcryption scheme, which allows the aggregation of n distinct signcryptions by n distinct users on n distinct messages, is proposed. First, the correction of the GASC scheme is analyzed. Then, we formally prove the security of GASC in the random oracle models IND-CCA2 and EUF-CMA under the DBDHP assumption and the DLP assumption, respectively. The results show that the GASC scheme is not only secure against any probabilistic polynomial-time IND-GASC-CCA2 and EUF-GASC-CMA adversary in the random oracle models but also efficient in pairing ê computations. In addition, the GASC scheme gives an effective remedy to the key escrow problem, which is an inherent issue in IBC by splitting the private key into two parts, and reduces the communication complexity by eliminating the interaction among the senders (signers) before the signcryption generation.展开更多
Following a period of significant development at the end of the 1990s, with economic growth rates greater than those of the European Union, the Portuguese economy stagnated in 2002 and even declined in 2003. The curre...Following a period of significant development at the end of the 1990s, with economic growth rates greater than those of the European Union, the Portuguese economy stagnated in 2002 and even declined in 2003. The current context of international crisis has just interrupted the fragile growth trend initiated in 2004： In fact, real GDP, which increased by 1.9 percent in 2007, had a growth rate of zero in 2008 and declined by 2.9 percent in 2009. The crisis has abruptly increased the closure of companies and unemployment jumped from 7.3% in the second haft of 2008 to 10.1% in the forth quarter of 2009. Notwithstanding, social dialog was resilient to this situation of economic crisis, as shown by the number of collective agreements negotiated by the social partners, the number of workers covered by collective agreements and the observed increase in real wages. Additionally, social partners have agreed on a reform of the Labour Code. Are this data enough evidence of social concentration on crisis management？ This paper will analyze this issue, giving particular attention to collective bargaining in Portugal and the crisis impact on the industrial relations system and their actors展开更多
Hydraulic redistribution(HR)refers to the process of soil water transport through the low-resistance pathway provided by plant roots.It has been observed in field studies and proposed to be one of the processes that e...Hydraulic redistribution(HR)refers to the process of soil water transport through the low-resistance pathway provided by plant roots.It has been observed in field studies and proposed to be one of the processes that enable plants to resist water limitations.However,most land-surface models(LSMs)currently do not include this underground root process.In this study,a HR scheme was incorporated into the Community Land Model version 4.5(CLM4.5)to investigate the effect of HR on the eco-hydrological cycle.Two paired numerical simulations(with and without the new HR scheme)were conducted for the Tapajos National Forest km83(BRSa3)site and the Amazon.Simulations for the BRSa3 site in the Amazon showed that HR during the wet season was small,<0.1 mm day^(–1),transferring water from shallow wet layers to deep dry layers at night;however,HR in the dry season was more obvious,up to 0.3 mm day^(–1),transferring water from deep wet layers to shallow dry layers at night.By incorporating HR into CLM4.5,the new model increased gross primary production(GPP)and evapotranspiration(ET)by 10%and 15%,respectively,at the BRSa3 site,partly overcoming the underestimation.For the Amazon,regional analysis also revealed that vegetation responses(including GPP and ET)to seasonal drought and the severe drought of 2005 were better captured with the HR scheme incorporated.展开更多
Objective： To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of multiple trauma with mainly thoracic and abdominal injuries. Methods： A retrospective analysis was performed on data of multiple trauma cases with mainly thoracic...Objective： To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of multiple trauma with mainly thoracic and abdominal injuries. Methods： A retrospective analysis was performed on data of multiple trauma cases with mainly thoracic and/or abdominal injuries. Results： Of 1166 cases, 72.3% were found with shock. The operation rates of thoracic and abdominal injuries were 14.8% （119/804） and 83.5% （710/850） respectively （ x^2=780.683, P 〈0.01）. The operation rates of blunt and penetrating thoracic injuries was 6.8% （42/617） and 40.6% （76/187） respectively （ x^2=131.701, P〈0.01）. The operation rates of blunt and penetrating abdominal injuries were 77.1% （434/563） and 96.1% （276/287） respectively （ x^2=50.302, P〈0.01）. The operation rates of blunt thoracio-abdominal injuries were 6.8% （42/617） in thoracic region and 77.1% （434/563） in abdomen respectively （x^2=544.043, P〈0.01 ）. Among the cases of abdominal injuries, 41 received arteriography embolism, with the efficacy of 95.1% （39/41）. Total mortality rate was 6.1%. The mortality rates of blunt and penetrating injuries were 7.3% （62/854） and 2.9% （9/312） （ x^2=6.51, P〈0.005）. The deaths were mainly due to large volume of blood loss. Conclusions： When both thoracic and abdominal injuries exist, laparotomy is frequently required rather than thoracotomy. Laparotomy is seldomly used for blunt thoracic injuries, but usually used for penetrating thoracic and abdominal injuries. Mortality rate of penetrating thoracic and abdominal injuries is markedly lower than that of blunt injuries. Surgical operation is still important for those patients with penetrating thoracic or abdominal injuries.展开更多
文摘Based on the Decisions of the CPC Central Committee on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and the Overall Plan on Deepening Fiscal and Tax Reforms, this paper presents a systematic assessment of the progress of China's new round of fiscal and tax reforms from November 2013 to October 2016 with the following findings. Reform of the budgetary management system has yielded initial results yet remains in the preliminary stage. While progress has been made in reforming indirect taxes, the reform of direct taxes is slow and presents a major obstacle. Despite breakthroughs, the progress of public finance reforms remains slow and impedes reforms on other fronts. Fiscal and tax reforms are uneven and should be implemented in coordination. Fiscal and tax reforms should more vigorously support overall reforms.
文摘this paper overall programme research on virtual design technology of machine tools, not only established a virtual design environment, identify reasonable options in a relatively short period of time, but also providing the basis for quotation, therefore reflecting a favourable measures quickly to market demand.
基金supported by the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China under Grant No.2011CB302903 the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.61073188,No.61073115+1 种基金 the Key University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province under Grant No.11KJA520002 the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions under Grant No.yx002001
文摘To reduce the size of certificate chains and the ciphertext size in secure routing protocols, a General Aggregate Signcryption Scheme (GASC) is presented. In GASC, an identity-based signcryption algorithm and an aggregate signature algorithm are combined in a practical and secure manner to form the general aggregate signcryption scheme's schema and concept, and a new secure, efficiently general aggregate signcryption scheme, which allows the aggregation of n distinct signcryptions by n distinct users on n distinct messages, is proposed. First, the correction of the GASC scheme is analyzed. Then, we formally prove the security of GASC in the random oracle models IND-CCA2 and EUF-CMA under the DBDHP assumption and the DLP assumption, respectively. The results show that the GASC scheme is not only secure against any probabilistic polynomial-time IND-GASC-CCA2 and EUF-GASC-CMA adversary in the random oracle models but also efficient in pairing ê computations. In addition, the GASC scheme gives an effective remedy to the key escrow problem, which is an inherent issue in IBC by splitting the private key into two parts, and reduces the communication complexity by eliminating the interaction among the senders (signers) before the signcryption generation.
文摘Following a period of significant development at the end of the 1990s, with economic growth rates greater than those of the European Union, the Portuguese economy stagnated in 2002 and even declined in 2003. The current context of international crisis has just interrupted the fragile growth trend initiated in 2004： In fact, real GDP, which increased by 1.9 percent in 2007, had a growth rate of zero in 2008 and declined by 2.9 percent in 2009. The crisis has abruptly increased the closure of companies and unemployment jumped from 7.3% in the second haft of 2008 to 10.1% in the forth quarter of 2009. Notwithstanding, social dialog was resilient to this situation of economic crisis, as shown by the number of collective agreements negotiated by the social partners, the number of workers covered by collective agreements and the observed increase in real wages. Additionally, social partners have agreed on a reform of the Labour Code. Are this data enough evidence of social concentration on crisis management？ This paper will analyze this issue, giving particular attention to collective bargaining in Portugal and the crisis impact on the industrial relations system and their actors
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0600203)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. QYZDY-SSW-DQC012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41575096)
文摘Hydraulic redistribution(HR)refers to the process of soil water transport through the low-resistance pathway provided by plant roots.It has been observed in field studies and proposed to be one of the processes that enable plants to resist water limitations.However,most land-surface models(LSMs)currently do not include this underground root process.In this study,a HR scheme was incorporated into the Community Land Model version 4.5(CLM4.5)to investigate the effect of HR on the eco-hydrological cycle.Two paired numerical simulations(with and without the new HR scheme)were conducted for the Tapajos National Forest km83(BRSa3)site and the Amazon.Simulations for the BRSa3 site in the Amazon showed that HR during the wet season was small,<0.1 mm day^(–1),transferring water from shallow wet layers to deep dry layers at night;however,HR in the dry season was more obvious,up to 0.3 mm day^(–1),transferring water from deep wet layers to shallow dry layers at night.By incorporating HR into CLM4.5,the new model increased gross primary production(GPP)and evapotranspiration(ET)by 10%and 15%,respectively,at the BRSa3 site,partly overcoming the underestimation.For the Amazon,regional analysis also revealed that vegetation responses(including GPP and ET)to seasonal drought and the severe drought of 2005 were better captured with the HR scheme incorporated.
文摘Objective： To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of multiple trauma with mainly thoracic and abdominal injuries. Methods： A retrospective analysis was performed on data of multiple trauma cases with mainly thoracic and/or abdominal injuries. Results： Of 1166 cases, 72.3% were found with shock. The operation rates of thoracic and abdominal injuries were 14.8% （119/804） and 83.5% （710/850） respectively （ x^2=780.683, P 〈0.01）. The operation rates of blunt and penetrating thoracic injuries was 6.8% （42/617） and 40.6% （76/187） respectively （ x^2=131.701, P〈0.01）. The operation rates of blunt and penetrating abdominal injuries were 77.1% （434/563） and 96.1% （276/287） respectively （ x^2=50.302, P〈0.01）. The operation rates of blunt thoracio-abdominal injuries were 6.8% （42/617） in thoracic region and 77.1% （434/563） in abdomen respectively （x^2=544.043, P〈0.01 ）. Among the cases of abdominal injuries, 41 received arteriography embolism, with the efficacy of 95.1% （39/41）. Total mortality rate was 6.1%. The mortality rates of blunt and penetrating injuries were 7.3% （62/854） and 2.9% （9/312） （ x^2=6.51, P〈0.005）. The deaths were mainly due to large volume of blood loss. Conclusions： When both thoracic and abdominal injuries exist, laparotomy is frequently required rather than thoracotomy. Laparotomy is seldomly used for blunt thoracic injuries, but usually used for penetrating thoracic and abdominal injuries. Mortality rate of penetrating thoracic and abdominal injuries is markedly lower than that of blunt injuries. Surgical operation is still important for those patients with penetrating thoracic or abdominal injuries.
