我爱家乡的子元山

朋友，如果你有机会来我的家乡参观，你一定要到远近闻名的子元山看看。你会发现，无论春夏秋冬，子元山都会令你心旷神怡，好似来到人间仙境。 迷人的春天．春风像两只温暖的大手抚摸着万物。沉默在子元山里的树木、花草渐渐地活跃了，它们争先恐后地抽绿枝添新叶。

李白与元丹丘交游考

元丹丘是李白最亲密的挚友,与元丹丘的交游几乎贯穿了李白的一生,他们曾在一起共享过欢乐和忧愁。李白的道教思想及放诞的生活,都可能受到元丹丘的影响。因此,进一步弄清元丹丘的生平和经历,对研究李白的行踪和思想变化都有着重大的意义。

内蒙石砧子山墓地出土至元通宝银钱

1990年秋,内蒙古文物考古研究所在元上都附近砧子山墓地,于10号墓中出土一枚至元通宝银钱。钱为模铸,径2厘米,略有锈,钱文清楚。面四字楷书对读,大小不一,与传世至元通宝铜钱相较,通宝两字都较长,宝字末笔已接近元字左上角。正面外郭较内郭粗,背面内、外郭均较正面宽。穿孔上大下小,不甚规整。

Construction of Inorganic Elemental Fingerprint and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Meretricis concha from Rushan Bay

Meretricis concha is a kind of marine traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and has been commonly used for the treatment of asthma and scald burns. In order to investigate the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and the geographical origin identification of Meretricis concha, the elemental contents of M. concha from five sampling points in Rushan Bay have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). Based on the contents of 14 inorganic elements(Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn), the inorganic elemental fingerprint which well reflects the elemental characteristics was constructed. All the data from the five sampling points were discriminated with accuracy through hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principle component analysis(PCA), indicating that a four-factor model which could explain approximately 80% of the detection data was established, and the elements Al, As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb could be viewed as the characteristic elements. This investigation suggests that the inorganic elemental fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analysis is a promising method for verifying the geographical origin of M. concha, and this strategy should be valuable for the authenticity discrimination of some marine TCM.

Structure of different types of coal metamorphism by HTEM

In order to discuss the effect of tectonic stress on the structural evolution of coal, given the importance attached to High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HTEM), we investigated several aspects of material structures of high-rank Carboniferous period coal, located in the northern foreland basin of the Dabie orogenic belt in eastern China. High powered crystal lattice images of Bright Fields (BF) and Selected Area Diffraction patterns (SAD) of different types of metamorphism in coal were obtained. The results show that the Basic Structural Units (BSU) become increasingly more compact as a function of rising tem-perature and pressure. Under pressure, the local orientation of molecules is strengthened, the arrangement of BSU speeds up and the degree of order is clearly enhanced.

Influencing Factors of Seed Long-distance Dispersal on a Fragmented Forest Landscape on Changbai Mountains,China

Seed long-distance dispersal(LDD) events are typically rare, but are important in the population processes that determine large-scale forest changes and the persistence of species in fragmented landscapes. However, previous studies focused on species dispersed via animal-mediated LDD, and ignored those dispersed by wind. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of canopy openness, edge, seed source, and patch tree density on the LDD of seeds by wind in forest. We collected birch seeds, a typical wind-dispersed species, throughout a larch plantation. We then assessed the relationship between birch LDD and each factor that may influence LDD of seeds by wind including distance to edge, canopy openness size, distance to mature forest, and the tree density of the larch plantation. We used univariate linear regression analysis to assess the influence of those factors on birch LDD, and partial correlations to calculate the contribution of each factor to LDD. The results showed that both canopy openness and edge had significant influences on birch LDD. Specifically, a negative relationship was observed between distance to edge and birch LDD, whereas there was a positive correlation between canopy openness size and LDD. In contrast, the distance to the mature forest was not correlated with birch LDD. Our results suggest that patch tree density could potently affect the probability of LDD by wind vectors, which provides novel and revealing insights regarding the effect of fragmentation on wind dynamics. The data also provide compelling evidence for the previously undocumented effect of habitat fragmentation on wind-dispersed organisms. As such, these observations will facilitate reasonable conservation planning, which requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which patch properties hamper the delivery of seeds of wind-dispersed plants to fragmented areas.

Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Particles in Winter at Datong City, Shanxi Province, China, and Its Impact on Beijing

Atmospheric particle samples were collected at an urban site of Datong, Shanxi Province, during December 2004 and their element concentrations at different sizes were analyzed by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Analysis of the observation data showed that particle pollution was heavy in winter at Datong and that concentrations of most elements were high in the coarse range. Factor analysis (FA) results indicated that the soil and dust, coal combustion dust, and industry dust are main sources for atmospheric particles in winter at Datong. The enrichment factors of element concentrations showed that particle pollution at Datong impacts the down-wind region-Beijing-in the dust season.

明代天王风水漫谈(二)

（上接146期）谈到元大都的建设,就必须提到刘秉忠。刘秉忠（1216—1274）,元代政治家。初名侃,字仲晦,号藏春散人,邢州（今河北邢台市）人。蒙古王朝灭金之后,刘秉忠出任邢台节度府令史,不久归隐武安山,后从浮屠禅师云海游,更名子聪。元世祖忽必烈即位前,注意物色人才,他与云海禅师一起入见,忽必烈把他留在身边,商议军国大事。忽必烈即位后,国家典章制度,都让刘秉忠参与设计草定。后拜光禄大夫、太保,领中书省事,改名秉忠。据《元史》记载：

Sources and control factors of rare earth elements in Late Permian mudstones,Southwest China

The material sources and control factors of rare earth elemems （REEs） for 25 borehole bulk samples from the Late Permian Longtan Formation in Mount Huaying （borehole number： ZK10-6）, Sichuan Province, South China, were investigated. All samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The chondrite-normalized distribution patterns of mudstone samples are uniform. All samples belong to the light rare earth element （LREE）-rich type and are enriched in LREEs relative to heavy rare earth elements （HREEs）. The distribution curves of REEs in mudstone are highly similar to Mount Emei basalt and the three periods of REEs enrichment correspond to three Mount Emei basalt eruption cycles in Longtan period. The results indicate that REE patterns are not controlled by materials from the seawater or land plants. The predominant sources of REEs are from terrigenous material as indicated by negative Eu anomaly. So, the sources of REEs are controlled by terrigenous material, and the Mount Emei basalt is the predominant source of terrigenous material. Thus, transgression-regression is another control factor of REEs enrichment.

姑苏山

我是在走向七子山的同时,得知姑苏山就在七子山的西南处。那天当地的村民领我在七子山前广阔的山地平原上寻找古吴越国王钱缪之子元璙墓遗址,最终我们站到了一个略高出地面数寸的土台之上,旁边还有一棵孤零零的小树,据说这就是王子墓的原址了。

Chronology,Hf isotopes,geochemistry,and petrogenesis of the magmatic rocks in the Shizishan ore field of Tongling,Anhui Province

LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating of intrusive rocks from the Shizishan ore field,Tongling,Anhui Province shows that the crystallization ages of Baimangshan pyroxene diorite,Shizishan and Dongguashan quartz diorite are 139±1.9,138.0±1.7,and 138.4±1.7 Ma,respectively.These three intrusions are high-potassium,alkali-rich,meta-aluminous,and are characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements and large-ion lithophile elements,depletion of heavy rare-earth elements(HREE) and high field strength elements,and slightly negative Eu anomalies.In-situ Hf analysis of zircon for these three intrusions shows large ranges of Hf isotope compositions:the ε Hf(t) values are ε Hf(t)= 3.3 to 14.4 for Baimangshan,14.1 to 23.9 Dongguashan,and 14.7 to 26.9 for Shizishan.The ε Hf(t) values of both the Dongguashan and Shizishan quartz diorites are significantly lower than those of Baimangshan pyroxene diorite.Elemental geochemistry and in-situ zircon Hf isotope analyses indicate that the three intrusions were formed through mixing of granitic magma formed by partial melting of the lower crust and water-rich basic magma derived from the enriched lithospheric mantle.The Dongguashan and Shizishan quartz diorites involved greater crustal components than Baimangshan pyroxene diorite.The Dongguashan and Shizishan quartz diorites have geochemical features similar to the adakite,such as high Sr,low Y,and high Sr/Y ratios.Such geochemical features can be attributed to some fractional crystallization of apatite and sphene,and insignificant plagioclase fractional crystallization after magma mixing.These three intrusions are the products of complex crust-mantle interaction during the regional tectonic regime transition from compression to extension.

Revisiting Triassic stratigraphy of the Yanshan belt

Age determinations of the Triassic lithostratigraphic units of the Yanshan belt were previously based on plant fossils and regional correlations of lithologies. The Liujiagou and Heshanggou Formations were assigned as the Lower Triassic, and the Ermaying Formation was regarded as the Middle Triassic. We carried out a geochronologic study of detrital zircon grains from the Triassic sandstone in the Xiabancheng and Yingzi basins in northern Hebei where the Triassic strata are exceptionally well preserved. The results show that the Liujiagou, Heshanggou, and Ermaying Formations are all Late Triassic in age. The ages of detrital zircons also revealed that the upper part of the Shihezi Formation and the overlying Sunjiagou Formation, both of which were thought to be the Middle-Late Permian units, are actually late Early to Middle Triassic deposits. This study combines the upper Shihezi and Sunjiagou Formations into a single unit termed as the Yingzi Formation. We also substitute the widely-used Liujiagou, Heshanggou, and Ermaying Formations with the Dingjiagou, Xiabancheng, and Huzhangzi Formations, respectively. Field observations and facies analysis show that the top of the Shihezi Formation is an erosive surface, marking a parallel unconformity between the Middle Permian and Lower Triassic. The Yingzi Formation is composed mainly of meandering river deposits, indicative of tectonic quiescence and low-relief landform in the Early to Middle Triassic. In contrast, the Dingjiagou, Xiabancheng, and Huzhangzi Formations are interpreted as the deposits of sandy/gravelly braided rivers, alluvial fans, fan deltas, and deep lakes in association with volcanism, thus indicating an intense rifting setting. A new Triassic lithostratigraphic division is proposed according to age constraints and facies analysis, and the results are of significance for understanding the early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Yanshan belt.

Major Elements in Soils Along a 2.8-km Altitudinal Gradient on the Tibetan Plateau,China

There are a series of special mountain soils on the Tibetan Plateau of China in an alpine environment for the high altitude. However, very few studies have focused on major soil elements in relation to soil formation in this area. Aluminum （Al）, iron （Fe）, calcium （Ca）, sodium （Na）, potassium （K） and magnesium （Mg） contents of 237 topsoil samples covering a 2.8-km altitudinal gradient in uncultivated areas along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway of China were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The spatial distribution of the elements and its relationship to the parent rocks and climatic parameters were analyzed. Soils along the gradient are derived from a range of parent materials, but most are less than 30 cm deep with little development （Cambisols）. Soil Al, Fe and Mg contents showed a decreasing trend from the start station （Xining Station） to end station （Lhasa Station） of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, whereas soil K and Na contents were relative stable from Xining Station to the Kunlun Mountains and then increased gradually. Soil Ca content was lower in the southern part of the Tanggula Mountains. The major soil element contents clearly reflected the parent rock and climatic influences. Soils with higher Ca content appeared in areas with Ca-Mg carbonate rocks, soils with higher Al were found in areas with silicate-rich and high-Al silicate clastic rocks and silicate-rich aluminosilicate loose sediments. Soils with higher K and Na contents appeared in areas with high-K, high-Na and silicate-rich aluminosilicate rocks. Soil Na and K contents were affected by temperature, whereas the contents of Mg, Fe, Ca and Al were more affected by precipitation. Soil Na and K contents increased with increasing temperatures, whereas the contents of Mg, Fe, Ca and Al decreased with increasing precipitation. This analysis provides a relationship between soil properties and rapidly changing environmental conditions. The data can be used to investigate the effect of the climate or land use change on soil properties.

乱世禅师

"菩提本无树,明镜亦非台。本来无一物,何处惹尘埃。"应该是流传最广的一句佛偈了,出自《六祖坛经》,说的是六祖慧能的故事。当时五祖弘忍想把衣钵传给席下弟子,便要求大家做一个偈子。被认为最有希望的大弟子神秀半夜起来,在院墙上写下了:"身是菩提树,心为明镜台。时时勤拂拭,勿使惹尘埃。"弘忍看到后,却没有表示,他知道神秀还没有顿悟。而寺院里的火头僧慧能看了后。