失去“天堂”后的缄默和追寻——解读小说《房子》

德国作家安德烈亚斯·迈尔（AndreasMaier，1967一）以独到的题材，冷峻而有穿透力的文笔，被《明镜》周刊誉为“奇葩文学家”。

《房子》赏析

《房子》是一首平淡的诗,无论是语言还是思想,但平淡未必就没有意味,在平淡无奇中,我们看到了普通人的生活,看到了平常人的思想,或者说,诗人从一个传奇英雄回归到一个凡夫俗子,轰轰烈烈的故事被庸常无聊的现实代替。“我并不是英雄,在没有英雄的时代里,我只想做一个人。”北岛的这几句诗也可以看作这首诗的注脚。

系统功能语法对翻译《红房子》的启示

本文尝试用系统功能语法中语境、主 述位、语法隐喻和衔接、连贯等理论对汉译英习作———《红房子》进行分析 ,发现系统功能语法理论可以帮助译者更好地解决翻译中从短语。

《房子》

为了解决职工住房困难，安阳市粮油机械厂决定集资建房。房管科副科长老包，为了给自己的瘫痪的妹妹解决住房，向领导求情，一个人集了两套。

保罗·安德鲁新小说《房子》出版

保罗·安德鲁因为29岁时设计了法国戴高乐国际机场第二候机楼一举成名。如今，他的名字因为与上海浦东国际机场、上海东方艺术中心和中国国家大剧院等作品联系在一起而为中国人熟知。不过，安德鲁同时也是一位文学创作者，继两年前在中国出版了中译本《记忆的群岛》后，此次的《房子》再次带领读者进行一次记忆的旅行。谈到自己的写作，安德鲁说，“我作为一个做大建筑的建筑师和写小书的作家，觉得大建筑和小书是一样重要的。”

房子与自由有关

如果一个穿西装而赶地铁的男人．卖弄地在21世纪的北京高谈阔论：我住了什么城、什么花园、什么雅居、什么屋、什么公社，周围的人定会一丝不苟地看报，慢吞吞地喝茶或者喝着冰水．手指百无聊赖地敲打桌面。偶尔抬一抬头，那是鄙夷地看看天气。瞥都不会瞥他一眼。

房子这东西

有人说房子是把雨伞，流浪的人可以遮风挡雨；有人说房子是床暖被，孤独的人可以享受温暖和慰藉；有人说房子是桌佳肴，饥饿的人可以消饥解渴；有人说房子是港湾，疲累的人可以养精蓄锐；也有人说房子是蜗牛背上的壳，沉重的包袱常压得人喘不过气来。

房子找房子

从前，有一座房子，看见人们从他的肚子里进进出出，心里就想：为什么只有人有房子呢？我也要有一座自己的房子。于是，

Contributions of Chinese Botanists to Plant Tissue Culture in the 20th entury

This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has been made by Chinese in nearly every branches of tissue culture, including in vitro organogenesis, shoot tip culture, anther culture, ovary culture, endosperm culture, protoplast culture as well as mass cell culture. On the basis of reviewing the articles written by Chinese on plant tissue culture, the internationally recognized contributions are specially mentioned. The applications of plant tissue culture to agriculture and industry in China are also introduced.

In vitro Culture of Unfertilized Ovary of Strawberry(Fragaria spp.)

[Objective] This study was to investigate the in vitro culture of unfertilized ovary of strawberry.[Methods] Employing single factor experiment,we investigated six key factors including genotype,extrinsic hormone,sucrose concentration,low temperature pretreatment,growth environment and development status,and illumination condition on induction of gynogenesis in vitro of unfertilized ovary,on the induction of gynogenesis in vitro of unfertilized ovary.[Results] The optimal conditions for in vitro culture of unfertilized ovary of strawberry were as follows：the primary flower buds cultured on bare land as explants,selection of appropriate genotype,2,4-D as external hormone,sucrose at the concentration of 6%,low temperature pretreatment for 48 hours and dark culture under alternated temperature.[Conclusion] The research provided reference for ploidy breeding in strawberry.

A Discovery of Anomozamites with Reproductive Organs

Anomozamites haifanggouensis (Kimura et al.) Zheng et Zhang comb. nov. is a characteristic Bennettitalean plant in Middle Jurassic flora. Only one specimen was collected from Haifanggou Formation (Middle Jurassic) in Daohugou village, Shantou town, Ningcheng County, Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China. The stem of plant is slender and repeatedly branches as a dichasial system with a fertile shoot in the fork, forming equal and widely divergent branches, on the branches born with the fronds of Anomozamites type. Its reproductive organs consists of some microsporophylls and a few of the bracteoid small leaves (or receptacular leaves). Some scattered bracteoid leaves and microsporophylls were formerly considered by Pan as dicots. Since then, they were proposed to be a non-committal genus Pankuangia and described them as P. haifanggouensis by Kimura et al. In this study, we discover that these bracteoid small leaves and microsporophylls should be of Anomozamites. This discovery provides strong evidence for the 'Pankuangia' determination of the taxonomical position.

Increased CD4^+CD45RA^-FoxP3^(low) cells alter the balance between Treg and Th17 cells in colitis mice

AIM To investigate the role of regulatory T cell(Treg) subsets in the balance between Treg and T helper 17(Th17) cells in various tissues from mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.METHODS T r e g c e l l s, T r e g c e l l s u b s e t s, T h 1 7 c e l l s, a n d CD4+CD25+FoxP 3+IL-17+ cells from the lamina propria of colon(LPC) and other ulcerative colitis(UC) mouse tissues were evaluated by flow cytometry. Forkhead box protein 3(FoxP 3), interleukin 17A(IL-17A), and RORC m RNA levels were assessed by real-time PCR, while interleukin-10(IL-10) and IL-17 A levels were detected with a Cytometric Beads Array.RESULTS In peripheral blood monocytes(PBMC), mesenteric lymphnode(MLN), lamina propria of jejunum(LPJ) and LPC from UC mice, Treg cell numbers were increased(P < 0.05), and FoxP 3 and IL-10 mR NA levels were decreased. Th17 cell numbers were also increased in PBMC and LPC, as were IL-17 A levels in PBMC, LPJ, and serum. The number of FrI subset cells(CD4+CD45RA+FoxP 3low) was increased in the spleen, MLN, LPJ, and LPC. FrI I subset cells(CD4+CD45RA-Fox P3high) were decreased among PBMC, MLN, LPJ, and LPC, but the number of Fr III cells(CD4+CD45RA-FoxP 3low) and CD4+CD25+FoxP 3+IL-17A+ cells was increased. Fox P3 m RNA levels in CD4+CD45RA-Fox P3 low cells decreased in PBMC, MLN, LPJ, and LPC in UC mice, while IL-17 A and RORC mR NA increased. In UC mice the distribution of Treg, Th17 cells, CD4+CD45RA-FoxP 3high, and CD4+CD45RA-FoxP 3low cells was higher in LPC relative to other tissues.CONCLUSION Increased numbers of CD4+CD45RA-FoxP 3low cells may cause an imbalance between Treg and Th17 cells that is mainly localized to the LPC rather than secondary lymphoid tissues.

Parallel decline of CD8+CD38+ lymphocytes and viremia in treated hepatitis B patients

AIM:To assess the peripheral T lymphocyte subsets in chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection,and their dynamics in response to adefovir dipivoxil monotherapy.METHODS:Proportions and absolute counts of peripheral natural killer cells,B cells,CD8+,CD4+,CD8+ CD38+,CD8+CD28+ and CD4+CD28+ T cells were determined using three-color flow cytometry in chronic hepatitis B patients(n = 35),HBV carriers(n = 25) and healthy controls(n = 35).Adefovir dipivoxil was initiated in 17 chronic hepatitis B patients who were regularly followed for 72 wk,during which period the T cell subsets and serum viral load were measured at each follow-up point.RESULTS:The peripheral CD4+ T cell counts and CD8+ T cell counts decreased in chronic HBV infection.In chronic hepatitis B patients,proportions of CD8+CD38+ T cells were 62.0% ± 14.7%,much higher than those of HBV carriers and healthy con-trols.In the 13 hepatitis B patients who were treated and responded to adefovir dipivoxil,proportions of CD8+CD38+ T cells decreased from 53.9% ± 18.4% pre-therapy to 20.1% ± 11.3% by week 72(P < 0.001),concomitant with viral load decline(HBV DNA fell from 7.31 to 3 log copies/mL).CD8+ T cell counts also underwent an average increase of 218 cells/μL by the end of 72-wk treatment.In those who failed the therapy,the CD8+CD38+ T cell population had more fluctuations.CONCLUSION:CD8+ T cells abnormally activated in chronic HBV infection can be partially reversed by antiviral therapy.HBV-associated immune activation may be a crucial part of the pathogenesis and a promising target of treatment.

Clinical significance of expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and E-cadherin in gastric carcinoma

AIM to investigate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(p CNA)and E-cadherin in gastric carcinoma and to analyze their clinical significance.METHODS A total of 146 patients were selected for this study,including 38 patients with intestinal metaplasia,42with dysplasia,and 66 with primary gastric cancer.In addition,40 patients with normal gastric tissues were selected as controls.the expression of p CNA and E-cadherin was detected by immunohistochemistry.Differences in p CNA and the E-cadherin labeling indexes among normal gastric mucosa,intestinal metaplasia,dysplasia,and gastric carcinoma were compared.Subjects with normal gastric tissues were assigned to a normal group,while gastric cancer patients were assigned to a gastric cancer group.the difference in p CNA and E-cadherin expression between these two groups was compared.the relationship between expression of p CNA and E-cadherin and clinicopathological features was also explored in gastric cancer patients.furthermore,prognosis-related factors,as well as the expression of p CNA and E-cadherin,were analyzed in patients with gastric cancer to determine the 3-year survival of these patients.RESULTS the difference in p CNA and the E-cadherin labeling indexes among normal gastric mucosa,intestinal metaplasia,dysplasia,and gastric carcinoma was statistically significant(p<0.05).During the transition of normal gastric mucosa to gastric cancer,the p CNA labeling index gradually increased,while the E-cadherin labeling index gradually decreased(p<0.05).the p CNA labeling index was significantly higher and the E-cadherin labeling index was significantly lower in gastric cancer than in dysplasia(p<0.05).the expression of p CNA was significantly higher in the gastric cancer group than in the normal group,but E-cadherin was weaker(p<0.05).there was a negative correlation between the expression of p CNA and E-cadherin in gastric carcinoma(r=-0.741,p=0.000).p CNA expression differed significantly between gastric cancer patients with and without lymph node metastasis and between patients at different t stages.E-cadherin expression also differed significantly between gastric cancer patients with and without lymph node metastasis(p<0.05).High t stage and positive p CNA expression were risk factors for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer(RR>1),while the positive expression of E-cadherin was a protective factor(RR<1).the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of p CNA positivity in predicting the 3-year survival of patients with gastric cancer were 93.33%,38.89%,and0.64,respectively;while these values for E-cadherin negativity were 80.0%,41.67%,and 0.59,respectively.When p CNA positivity and E-cadherin negativity were combined,the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were66.67%,66.67%,and 0.67,respectively.CONCLUSION Combined detection of p CNA and E-cadherin can improve the accuracy of assessing the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Cold stamping for AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet of cell phone house

Electric product house of magnesium alloy sheet is usually obtained by warm stamping owing to its poor plasticity and formability at room temperature.The formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet can be improved by repeated unidirectional bending(RUB)process through control of(0002)basal texture.Compared with as-received sheet,the Erichsen value(IE)of the sheet underwent RUB process increases to 5.90 from 3.53 at room temperature.It is also confirmed that cell phone houses could be stamped successfully in crank press with AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets underwent RUB process.It provides an alternative to the electronics industry in the application of magnesium alloys.

An evaluation system for suitability of urban public rental housing construction in Chongqing

A social problem that low-income people are unable to purchase houses in urban areas has been focused in recent years and the housing security system has also become an important part of the social security system. In recent years, public rental houses appeared as a new type of affordable houses. The national government took the construction of public rental houses to the national strategic level. Currently, there are many problems in the public rental house construction. For example, policy mechanisms are inadequate, the use of funding is not in an efficient way, the location of public rental houses is far away from the downtown, the plot ratio is too high, and facilities are incomplete. There are no appropriate indicators to comprehensively evaluate the public rental house construction. Based on the livable evaluation system in Chongqing, we selected four aspects of relevant indicators as the economic suitability, environmental suitability, social suitability, and life suitability to establish the public rental house construction suitability evaluation system.

Static and Dynamic Damage Analysis of Mass Concrete in Hydropower House of Three Gorges Project

This paper establishes a 3D numerical model for 15# hydropower house of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) and performs a nonlinear static and dynamic damage analysis. In this numerical model, a coupling model of finite and infinite elements for simulating infinite foundation of hydropower station is adopted. A plastic-damage model based on continuum damage mechanics, which includes the softening and damage behavior under tension is considered for the concrete material. The dynamic equilibrium equations of moti...

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: A review on molecular profiling of patient tumors

Pancreatic carcinomas with acinar differentiation are rare,accounting for 1%-2% of adult pancreatic tumors; they include pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma(PACC),pancreatoblastoma,and carcinomas of mixed differentiation. Patients with PACC have a prognosis better than pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas but worse than pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Reports of overall survival range from 18 to 47 mo. A literature review on PACCs included comprehensive genomic profiling and whole exome sequencing on a series of more than 70 patients as well as other diagnostic studies including immunohistochemistry. Surgical resection of PACC is the preferred treatment for localized and resectable tumors. The efficacy of adjuvant treatment is unclear. Metastatic PACCs are generally not curable and treated with systemic chemotherapy. They are moderately responsive to chemotherapy with different regimens showing various degrees of response in case reports/series. Most of these regimens were developed to treat patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas or colorectal adenocarcinomas. Review of PACC's molecular profiling showed a number of gene alterations such as: SMAD4,BRAF,BRCA2,TP53,RB1,MEN1,JAK-1,BRCA-1,BRCA-2,and DNA mismatch repair abnormalities. PACCs had multiple somatic mutations with some targetable with available drugs. Therefore,molecular profiling of PACC should be an option for patients with refractory PACC.

Favela’s Houses as Design Reference： Using Shape Grammar

Shape grammar has been used by many researchers to identify and/or define languages in architectural design. This paper presents a methodology developed using shape grammar to analyze the informal city, specifically Favela da Rocinha’s buildings, in Rio de Janeiro. The goal was finding the organizational foundations of self-built houses in an informal settlement. A methodology was developed to find composition patterns and to infer a set of rules which defines a shape grammar of Rocinha houses, allowing synthesis and analysis of low cost solutions for house designs. And above all, it highlights underlying design solutions produced empirically by inhabitants of favelas, emphasizing the diversity in favela’s architecture, and, that is also able to reflect the particular necessities of targeted population.