量词“扇”对名词性成分选择的范畴化过程

量词“扇”对名词性成分的选择是一个范畴化过程。量词“扇”的语义特征是[+平面][+可开合],表示“门”类物的名词性成分是“扇”范畴的原型,位于范畴中心。“扇”范畴从中心成员开始向外扩展,经过近距扩展、远距扩展而至边缘成员,形成一个具有层级性的连锁性链条。“扇”范畴的近距扩展主要体现为由表母体物到表相近物,大致包括四类:可开合的硬质平面物、可开合的软质平面物、面积较大的硬质平面物、可分合的类平面物。远距扩展主要体现为从表非生物到表生物、从表客体到表主体、从表有形具体物到表无形具体物、从表具体物到表抽象物。隐喻和图式转换是“扇”范畴扩展的重要促动因素。

轻罗小扇扑流萤 由油画《扇》想到陈逸飞的仕女情节

今年早些时候,我因置办夏葆元先生的＂文革＂油画《黄河忿》展出一事,而多有和夏先生接触。因本来就熟,所以聊起来就相当随便。也就在这一段时间里,在友人处（也是陈逸飞先生的生前好友）曾发现一幅陈逸飞先生的油画力作《扇》。见单一的脚的画面上，置一民国少妇；娴静而内秀，容堆闲愁，目送秋波。陈氏风格，尽收眼底。

我演《扇韵》

一轮明月高挂天际,美丽的琼花树下,一位妙龄少女舞姿蹁跹。她手中双扇上下左右飞旋,配以优美的乐曲,情景交融,美轮美奂,熠熠生辉,不时激起台下千余名观众阵阵热烈的掌声和喝彩……这是2004年7月21日我们扬州市木偶研究所（原扬州木偶剧团）,在古巴首都哈瓦那第四届＂中国文化节＂上,我表演的木偶绝活《扇韵》时一组精彩的镜头。

扇想

就像羡慕炊烟，把草木与炭火的炽恋，翻译成苍弯上一行青缈的诗句；又如感叹香囊，将女子千萦百绕的心事，裹藏成其腰间一握芬芳的湿软。

大班《扇艺馆》美工区游戏案例

结合我园传统文化课题开展,我班在班级区域中投放了有关传统文化方面的材料:如:四大发明、脸谱、青花瓷、扇子等,让幼儿在潜移默化中感受中国传统文化的魅力。

翻作花间舞 偶旋扇底风——我在学习木偶戏《扇韵》中的一些体会

木偶演员基本的台步功除了基本的木偶表演体态,更加追求的是木偶要表现出呼吸的韵律。演员表演时,如何将气韵通过自身的步伐与节奏的结合表现出来,是杖头木偶表演中"台步功"的精髓所在,需要木偶演员经年累月的学习和实践积累。

Simulation of Start-Up Process of Turbofan Engine Based on Full-State Characteristics of Fan

Difficulties in obtaining component characteristics in the sub-idle state of rotor constrain the simulation capabilities of ground and windmill start-up processes for turbofan engines.This paper proposes a backbone feature method based on conventional characteristics parameters to derive the full-state characteristics of fan.The application of the fan’s full-state characteristics in component-level model of turbofan engine enables zero-speed iterative simulation for ground start-up process and windmill simulation for windmill start-up process,thereby improving the simulation capability of sub-idle state during turbofan engine start-up.

Stochastic Air Traffic Flow Management for Demand and Capacity Balancing Under Capacity Uncertainty

This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.

Effect of Fouling in Daya Bay Scallop chlamys nobilis (reeve) Cultivation:Food Competition and Nutrient Release

Biofouling is an important factor that affects bivalve farming industry. Fouling organisms may reduce growth and survival rate of the cultured species. Fouler are often filter feeders, so they are potential competitors for food resource with the cultured species. The present study was conducted to measure the impact of fouling on food uptake and nutrient release in April, 2006 in Daya Bay near Guangzhou, China. Results showed that fouling organisms had significant effect on food uptake and nutrient release. The chlorophyll a uptake rate of fouled scallops was 7.53 / Lh ±1.416 / Lh in April, significantly higher than those of cleaned scallops, Le., 4.23 / Lh±2.744 / Lh. The consumption of total particulate matter by fouled scallops in April was 5.52 / Lh± 0.818 / Lh; the corresponding results for cleaned scallops are 2.49 / Lh ±0.614 / Lh Fouling increased ammonia release significantly. The ammonia release rate of fouled scallops was 33.81/Lh ±7.699 / Lh in April, while cleaned scallops released 2.46 / Lh ±0.511 / Lh ammonia. Phosphate uptake of fouled scallops was 2.01± 0.699 / Lh and cleaned scallops released phosphate 6.01 / Lh ＋ 0.876 / Lh in April. There was not significant difference in nitrate consumption between fouled and cleaned scallops. According to the phytoplankton classification of input and output water samples, fouled scallops filtered more phytoplankton species than cleaned scallops. Therefore, this study showed that fouling contributed much to phytoplankton depletion and concentration increase of ammonia in water.

A modified one-step procedure for rapid RNA isolation from insect

A modified guanidinium isothiocyanate method was used to extract total RNA from two forest insect species Clostera anastomosis and Saperda populnea. The integrity of RNA was demonstrated by the methods of gel electrophoresis and cDNA analysis. Typical A260/ A280 absorbance ratio of the total RNA was in range of 1.8 to 2.0. The size of double strand cDNAs obtained by RT-PCR was more than 2 kb, which indicated that intact mRNA was obtained. The fragments of β-actin and chitinase gene from the RNA of C. anastomosis were obtained by RT-PCR, which indicated that the RNA could be used for other molecular operation. By this procedure, RNAs could be extracted and analyzed by electrophoresis from at least 8 samples within 4 hours. These results showed that this method was time- and cost-saving and effective.

A Radial Stub Test Circuit for Microwave Power Devices

With the principles of microwave circuits and semiconductor device physics, two microwave power device test circuits combined with a test fixture are designed and simulated, whose properties are evaluated by a parameter network analyzer within the frequency range from 3 to 8GHz. The simulation and experimental results verify that the test circuit with a radial stub is better than that without. As an example, a C-band AlGaN/GaN HEMT microwave power device is tested with the designed circuit and fixture. With a 5.4GHz microwave input signal,the maximum gain is 8.75dB,and the maximum output power is 33.2dBm.

Activities of lipoxygenase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in poplar leaves induced by insect herbivory and volatiles

A study was conducted to explore the defense response in woody plants after insect herbivory. The activities of two enzymes, lipoxygenase （LOX）, a key enzyme ofjasmonate （JA） pathway, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, a rate-limiting enzyme of phenyl- propanoid pathway, were measured in the leaves of one-year-old poplar （Populus simonii × P. pyramidalis ＇Opera 8277＇） cuttings after Clostera anachoreta larvae attack. The results show that the increased activities of LOX and PAL were found not only in the leaves wounded by C. anachoreta larvae but also in their tipper systemic leaves, indicating that JA and phenylpropanoid pathways were activated, and the defense response was stimulated systemically. The increase in LOX and PAL activities in neighboring intact poplar cuttings sug- gested that there exists the interplant communication between poplar plants mediated by the herbivore-induced volatiles. Methyl jasmonate （MeJA） was also proved to be an airborne signal to induce defense response in P simonii × P pyramidalis ＇Opera 8277＇ cuttings.

Correlation and path coefficient analysis for phenotypic traits of noble scallop Chlamys nobilis

In April of 2006, a base population of the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis was established by collecting parental breeders from the stocks in Wushi, Zhanjiang. In December of 2006, 200 individuals were randomly sampled from the base population and subjected for correlation and path coefficient analysis. It was found that there were statistically significant phenotypic correlations among the traits （P 〈 0.01）. Total weight was significantly and positively correlated with the shell length （r = 0.934 3）, shell height （r = 0.895 9）, shell width （r = 0.899 1 ）, muscle weight （r = 0.882 0） and shell weight （r = 0.937 9）, respectively. Shell length, shell width, muscle weight, shell height and shell weight had positive and direct effects on the total weight, with values of 0.397 1, 0.321 9, 0.172 1, 0.089 6 and 0.066 9, respectively. Shell length, shell width and muscle weight had higher direct effects on the total weight than shell height and shell weight. A combined evaluation of correlation, direct effects and indirect effects showed that direct selection for shell length, shell width, muscle weight, shell height and shell weight would be effective to improving the total weight. It was concluded that these traits could be regarded as the selection criteria in breeding programs of the species.

螺旋断层加速器MVCT图像用于头颈部剂量计算的研究

目的评估螺旋断层加速器兆伏级CT图像进行头颈部剂量计算的可行性和准确性。方法使用Cheese Phantom测量MVCT电子密度校准曲线,采集10例鼻咽癌病例的常规CT图像设计调强计划,将计划保持参数不变移植到MVCT图像上进行剂量重算,将重算剂量结果与原计划进行比较,并验证剂量重算的准确性。结果 MVCT的CT值与电子密度呈较好的线性和稳定性,相对剂量分布保持一致,绝对剂量误差均小于±3%。结论 MVCT图像进行头颈部剂量计算具有较好的可靠性,符合临床应用要求。

MODEL REFERENCE ADAPTIVE CONTROL BASED ON NONLINEAR COMPENSATION FOR TURBOFAN ENGINE

The design of a turbofan rotor speed control system, using model reference adaptive control（MRAC） method with input and output measurements, is discussed for the purpose of practical application. The nonlinear compensator based on functional link neural network is used to deal with the engine nonlinearity and the hardware-in-loop simulation is also developed. The results show that the nonlinear MRAC controller has the adequate performance of compensating and adapting nonlinearity arising from the change of engine state or working environment. Such feature demonstrates potential practical applications of MRAC for aeroengine control system.

SVM method for predicting the thickness of sandstone

The Support Vector Machine （SVM） method can be used to set up a nonlinear function prediction model. It is based on the small sample learning theory. The kernel function can be constructed automatically based on the actual sample data by using the SVM method. As a result, the function not only gets a higher fit precision but is also better generalized. The frequency spectrum and seismic waveform are related by Fourier transform, so they are two different forms of the same physical phenomenon. The variety of waveform character reflects stratigraphic differences and frequency spectrum differences reflect the variation of lithology, fluid composition, and formation thickness. It directly predicts sandstone thickness using the seismic waveform. This not only fully utilizes the seismic information but also greatly increases the accuracy of the prediction. Model examples and actual applications show the applicability of this method.

MEASUREMENT AND VISUALIZATION OF FLOW FIELD IN AXIAL FLOW FAN

An experimental investigation associated with the basic fluid mechanics in an axial flow fan is described in this paper. The flow field in the tip region has been studied by laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) and flow visualization technique. Some experimental data and images are interpreted to understand the complex interactions between the annulus wall boundary layer and the leakage flow. It shows that the vortex inside the blade passage is produced by the separation of annulus wall boundary layer rather than the rolling up of leakage flow.

An Improved High Fan-in Domino Circuit for High Performance Microprocessors

An improved high fan-in domino circuit is proposed. The nMOS pull-down network of the circuit is divided into several blocks to reduce the capacitance of the dynamic node and each block only needs a small keeper transistor to maintain the noise margin. Because we omit the footer transistor, the circuit has better performance than the standard domino circuit. A 64-input OR-gate implemented with the structure is simulated using HSPICE under typical conditions of 0.13μm CMOS technology. The average delay of the circuit is 63.9ps, the average power dissipation is 32.4μW, and the area is l15μm^2. Compared to compound domino logic, the proposed circuit can reduce delay and power dissipation by 55% and 38%, respectively.

Seed Morphology and Seedling Variation of Four Ornamental Lupin Pedigrees

[Objective] This study was conducted to reveal seed characteristics, variation and their effects on seedling growth of ornamental lupins. [Method] The phenotypic characteristics and germination rate of the seeds of four excellent lupin pedigrees were measured, and then their correlations with seeding growth were analyzed. [Result] There were abundant variations among the four ornamental lupin pedigrees. Pink seeds had the largest volume and red seeds had the largest 1 000seed weight. The variation coefficients for the seed morphological traits among the four pedigrees ranged from 2.97% to 14.34%. Seed specific weight and 1 000-seed weight could be used as important indicators for selection in breeding because of their higher variability. Seed weight variation of ornamental lupin was mainly depen- dent on seed width variation. There was small variation in seed length. The seeds of the four ornamental lupin pedigrees started to germinate one day after sowing, and the germination period was 5 d. Germination rate coefficient and germination index of pink and red seeds were higher than those of blue seeds, but blue seeds had the largest germination rate. 1 000-seed weight shared significantly positive correlations with seed germination rate, germination potential and seedling retention rate. Round and large seeds had some advantages in germination. Full seeds had higher germination rate and speed, and seedling retention rate. There was a significant relationship between seed length-width ratio and the number of leaflets of seedlings. [Conclusion] The results provided references for the evaluation of seed phenotypic diversity and breeding research of ornamental lupins.