As a study in art history critical theory, this paper looks at the appreciation and usage of art amongst interest groups at the time of the Great War and the subsequent legacy of the work of Canada＇s resident war art...As a study in art history critical theory, this paper looks at the appreciation and usage of art amongst interest groups at the time of the Great War and the subsequent legacy of the work of Canada＇s resident war artist Richard Jack. The Canadian War Museum＇s recent web page described Jack＇s standing officer in The Second Battle of Ypres 22 April to 25 May 1915 as one who ＂exemplifies the courage and resolve of the inexperienced Canadians in their first major battle＂. This comment showed a marked contrast to the contemporary art critic Richard Cork who described the first of the Canadian war memorials paintings as ＂a clich6-ridden bandaged officer ... shamelessly catering to public sentiment＂. Given these disparate positions, the author attempts to explain the gulf between these points of view and subsequently make the case that art has a broad application that might make us cautious of viewing a given work without due consideration of the context of its making and future merits.展开更多
Struggling for supremacy between great powers and the rise or fall and regime change of great powers are all subject to the Geopolitical Law. Geographers should keep in step with the times, accurately grasp the nation...Struggling for supremacy between great powers and the rise or fall and regime change of great powers are all subject to the Geopolitical Law. Geographers should keep in step with the times, accurately grasp the national interests, and seize the opportunity to contribute to the great rejuvenation of our nation. However, due to lack of criticism on the history and philosophy of geopolitics, we can neither accurately understand the geopolitical theory, nor effectively put the geopolitical theory into practice. This paper introduces the development of critical geopolitics, summarizes the three characteristics of critical geopolitics, and interprets the four classical geopolitical theories accordingly. In order to simplify the interpretation process, this paper firstly presents an analytical framework for interpretation of four classical geopolitical theories; secondly, focuses on interpretation of "The Geographical Pivot of History" put forward by Mackinder according to the analytical framework; finally, critically summarizes the four classical geopolitical theories. Through the critical interpretation, this paper draws a conclusion that there are the scientific, hypothetical and conceptual classical geopolitical theories. The construction of classical geopolitical theories is based on the international geopolitical structure, spatial distribution of national interests and inter-state spatial conflict, in order to show the identity of theoretical constructor, so as to reflect the historicality, sociality, situationality and geographical knowledge – power structure of geopolitical theories.展开更多
文摘As a study in art history critical theory, this paper looks at the appreciation and usage of art amongst interest groups at the time of the Great War and the subsequent legacy of the work of Canada＇s resident war artist Richard Jack. The Canadian War Museum＇s recent web page described Jack＇s standing officer in The Second Battle of Ypres 22 April to 25 May 1915 as one who ＂exemplifies the courage and resolve of the inexperienced Canadians in their first major battle＂. This comment showed a marked contrast to the contemporary art critic Richard Cork who described the first of the Canadian war memorials paintings as ＂a clich6-ridden bandaged officer ... shamelessly catering to public sentiment＂. Given these disparate positions, the author attempts to explain the gulf between these points of view and subsequently make the case that art has a broad application that might make us cautious of viewing a given work without due consideration of the context of its making and future merits.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41401157,No.41661033
文摘Struggling for supremacy between great powers and the rise or fall and regime change of great powers are all subject to the Geopolitical Law. Geographers should keep in step with the times, accurately grasp the national interests, and seize the opportunity to contribute to the great rejuvenation of our nation. However, due to lack of criticism on the history and philosophy of geopolitics, we can neither accurately understand the geopolitical theory, nor effectively put the geopolitical theory into practice. This paper introduces the development of critical geopolitics, summarizes the three characteristics of critical geopolitics, and interprets the four classical geopolitical theories accordingly. In order to simplify the interpretation process, this paper firstly presents an analytical framework for interpretation of four classical geopolitical theories; secondly, focuses on interpretation of "The Geographical Pivot of History" put forward by Mackinder according to the analytical framework; finally, critically summarizes the four classical geopolitical theories. Through the critical interpretation, this paper draws a conclusion that there are the scientific, hypothetical and conceptual classical geopolitical theories. The construction of classical geopolitical theories is based on the international geopolitical structure, spatial distribution of national interests and inter-state spatial conflict, in order to show the identity of theoretical constructor, so as to reflect the historicality, sociality, situationality and geographical knowledge – power structure of geopolitical theories.
