The land use patterns in Guyuan City,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China,have changed greatly over the years,due to population growth and farming and stock raising development.This study,using 50-year statis-tical ...The land use patterns in Guyuan City,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China,have changed greatly over the years,due to population growth and farming and stock raising development.This study,using 50-year statis-tical data of cultivated land and 14-year spatial data of land use pattern,analyzed the developmental stages,the char-acter,and the spatial variance of farmland in the city,and discussed the driving forces of cultivated land changes based on empirical and conceptual statistical models.First,the change of cultivated land area went through different stages of rapid increase,fluctuating change,decrease and rapid decrease from 1949 to 2004,additionally,social and economic policies in different stages had an important impact on farmland variance.Second,from 1986 to 2000,the quantity of cultivated land increased,but its quality decreased.Third,social and economic factors are determinant factors in culti-vated land transition.Five constructed paths explain cultivated land transition.Factors that have direct or indirect ef-fects on farmland include the economy(Xeco),the population(Xpop),agricultural output(Xagr),and scientific input(Xsci).The sequence of impact was Xeco>Xpop>Xsci>Xagr.Among all these impacts,Xeco was the major positive one,and Xpop was the major negative one.It is urgent to take measures or adopt a policy to stop the vicious cycle in eco-environment and agriculture production.Otherwise,negative patterns of farmland use will increase,and high-quality cultivated land will continue to decline.展开更多
The life cycle of technology is one of the most important indexes to weigh up the risk of the investment to neo tech.There are so many uncertainties because it is conditioned by a lot of factors,we can not make a rati...The life cycle of technology is one of the most important indexes to weigh up the risk of the investment to neo tech.There are so many uncertainties because it is conditioned by a lot of factors,we can not make a rational forecasting by traditional assessment method.So this paper gives a comprehensive consideration to the factors that influence production and makes some modification to production function, and establishes the life cycle of technology assessmet model by the method of fuzzy mathematics. So it quantifies the risk of investment.We can take it as one foundational index for the decision making of the investment.展开更多
It is very important to optimize maintenance strategy in maintenance plan. Proper parameters play a decisive role for the optimization. In the opinion of writer, availability is a basic parameter, failure consequence ...It is very important to optimize maintenance strategy in maintenance plan. Proper parameters play a decisive role for the optimization. In the opinion of writer, availability is a basic parameter, failure consequence cost and failure characteristic are also important parameters. Maintenance strategy can be optimized on the base by means of quantitative analysis and diagram.展开更多
This paper deals with the recent hybrid rice development in the Philippines and some information about developing economic and technical cooperation in hybrid rice between China and the Philippines.
A scheme to implement of 1 →3 economic phase-covariant cloning machine for unknown equator state in cavity-QED is proposed. The scheme requires cavity-assisted collision processes between atoms, which cross through n...A scheme to implement of 1 →3 economic phase-covariant cloning machine for unknown equator state in cavity-QED is proposed. The scheme requires cavity-assisted collision processes between atoms, which cross through nonresonant cavity fields in the vacuum states. The cavity fields are only virtually excited so that the cavity quality factor can be loosened.展开更多
Engineering comes to you at last. As the Editors-in-Chief of En- gineering, first of all, we wish to thank all the scholars at home and abroad for their eager responses and full support, and all those who have provide...Engineering comes to you at last. As the Editors-in-Chief of En- gineering, first of all, we wish to thank all the scholars at home and abroad for their eager responses and full support, and all those who have provided encouragement and contributions toward the emergence of this journal. Looking back over the history of human civilization, hu- man survival is closely related to the development of social productive forces, which come from engineering science and technology (EST). Along with today's rapid economic and social development, we face common threats from global problems such as food safety, resource shortages, energy cri- ses, environmental pollution, climate change, network attacks, population expansion, poverty, the prevalence of disease, and economic crises. Therefore, EST research that addresses these major issues of economic development appears to be par- ticularly important. At present, a new scientific and technical revolution, including wide spread industrial transformation, is flowing together with new developments in human society. Historically, we know that progress and innovation in EST is a crucial engine for promotin~ progress in human society.展开更多
Mining subject needs further development and towards which the development would bebeing the problems concerned over all along and to be succeded with the public good enough attention to discussions to reacb an identn...Mining subject needs further development and towards which the development would bebeing the problems concerned over all along and to be succeded with the public good enough attention to discussions to reacb an identny of vicws admittedly. The emcrgcnce in succession of newand-hish techs in the mid-and late twentieth century is perhaps tbe most fascinating and epochmarking event that bas given to an the subjects certain but different degrees of Anpacts to becomemore closely interretative and interdepartmentai each other and fcature specifically from that of thepast for their entirely new conceptions in the result of formutating many new theories, new technologies and new subjects that mining subject is inevitably and unexceptionally the one inclusive.The author gives in this paper his opinion regardjng the problern of tbe deve1opmcnt of mining subject proving with many convincible facts and most in formative new ideas.展开更多
In mainstream economics (the neoclassical economics), it is accepted that every company that competes under the perfect competition market has the same technological equipment. So, technology is approached as a simp...In mainstream economics (the neoclassical economics), it is accepted that every company that competes under the perfect competition market has the same technological equipment. So, technology is approached as a simple efficiency increase whose source is unknown. In terms of established economics view, technology is like a "black box" that cannot be predicted. As the creator of the concept of"creative destruction", Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) caused significant changes in terms of the view of neoclassical economics about technology. On one hand, Schumpeter created a new point of view about the concept of"innovation" by using key concepts, such as "invention", "imitation", and "business cycles". Schumpeter's "creative destruction" concept carries out the role of a new map for the new institutional economics trend which accepts "technology" as an institution. On the other hand, if one is to understand why the ideology differs between neoclassical economics and new institutional economics, "transaction costs" should be analyzed. Since, transaction costs and creative destruction have a relationship between each other; Schumpeter and Coase's ideas are resembling each other. While doing this, this paper will try to discuss the question of how to accept the technology as "external" instead of "internal" limit neoclassical economics. In this process, it will primarily base the dimension on the concept of"technology" developed by Schumpeter. The second station is an inquiry between Schumpeter's and Coase's ideas about technology. Although new institutional economics (NIE) and neoclassical economics can be confused, they can be seperated from each other by the way they look at technology. Because, technology is accepted as an external theme by neoclassical economics, on the contrary, NIE acceptes technology as an internal fact. One of the most important reasons why technology is internal in terms of NIE can be evaluated by "transaction costs". As a result, the author will give effort to create a critical presentation in order to readdress the viewpoint of mainstream economics about "technology".展开更多
In current world, with the rapid development of science and technology and emerging new and interdisciplinary science, technological progress is having extensive and profound impact on the economic and social aspects....In current world, with the rapid development of science and technology and emerging new and interdisciplinary science, technological progress is having extensive and profound impact on the economic and social aspects. Along with the wave of information technology revolution, life sciences and biotechnology are showing the developing prospect of unlimited possibilities. More and more people have foreseen the arrival of a new era of life sciences, which has important impact on science and technology development, social progress and economic growth.展开更多
Mathematical economic modeling is widely used to provide a reference for policy makers and guidance for the specific work of many departments, such as saving expenditures, reducing costs and improving profit. Particul...Mathematical economic modeling is widely used to provide a reference for policy makers and guidance for the specific work of many departments, such as saving expenditures, reducing costs and improving profit. Particularly, it can predict and estimate the future, playing a great role in promoting the rapid development of science and technology as well as the management of market economy. In general, mathematics does not directly deal with the objective conditions on the management of market economy. In order to use mathematics to solve problems in the field of the management of market economic, it is necessary to carry out mathematical economic modeling.展开更多
Along with worldwide Internet boom, China's Internet industry is also thriving and has achieved remarkable success. Beyond that, industry integration between the Internet and other fields, such as finance, retail ...Along with worldwide Internet boom, China's Internet industry is also thriving and has achieved remarkable success. Beyond that, industry integration between the Internet and other fields, such as finance, retail and advertising, is also eye-taking, as it has fostered a novel industry chain structure and business model. With an aim to realize the transformation and upgrading of conventional industry, the Chinese government has proposed ‘Internet plus' to encourage the combination of the Internet and conventional sectors. As one of the most important and complex conventional industries, the oil and gas(O&G in abbreviation) industry is also seeking the opportunity to actively cooperate with the Internet. However, after analysis of the differences between the particularities of the O&G and Internet industry from an economics perspective, a comprehensive combination of these two seems less promising, but adopting Internet related technologies to improve the performance of the O&G industry is feasible.展开更多
Vocational students generally English foundation is weak, not strong interest in learning how to guide students to learn to think independently, to stimulate students' curiosity, is a series of problems faced by Engl...Vocational students generally English foundation is weak, not strong interest in learning how to guide students to learn to think independently, to stimulate students' curiosity, is a series of problems faced by English teachers in vocational college. In this paper, the issues currently facing vocational English education was of, and the corresponding countermeasures. With the development of economic and trade globalization, increasingly strengthened international exchanges. Society is not only high-level personnel to graduate raised higher and higher English proficiency requirements, the ability to develop applications based English Education in Higher Colleges also put forward higher requirements. Vocalional Training Colleges for professional and technical personnel is an important part of our personnel training requirements for rapid economic development of professional and technical personnel in addition to high technical expertise, but also need to understand the professional literature information inquiry, learning and further education. Therefore, we must from the height of the times and the needs of international competition to recognize new opportunities and challenges of English teaching in higher vocational colleges are facing a variety of approaches and strive to improve our English teaching level.展开更多
This article addresses the evolution of the Internet from a loosely organized, decentralized, and pluralistic system to the Next Internet, a tightly controlled, centralized and commodified system under corporate and g...This article addresses the evolution of the Internet from a loosely organized, decentralized, and pluralistic system to the Next Internet, a tightly controlled, centralized and commodified system under corporate and government control. Drawing on a political economy perspective, it begins by addressing the technologies that comprise the Next Internet. These include Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics, and the Internet of Things whose convergence raises significant issues in the political economy of communication and society. The paper concentrates specifically on military, environmental, economic, privacy, and labor problems. It concludes by considering the significance of viewing the Next Internet as a public utility like electricity and water.展开更多
Projects receiving China's national science and technology awards representsignificant economic,social gainsFor ages,male musk deer had been trapped and killed for their glandular secretion to be used in aroma and tr...Projects receiving China's national science and technology awards representsignificant economic,social gainsFor ages,male musk deer had been trapped and killed for their glandular secretion to be used in aroma and traditional Chinese medicine.As a medicine,展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (No. 2002CB111506)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30670374)Sixth Framework Programme of European Union (Priority 1.1.6.3) (No. 003874-2)
文摘The land use patterns in Guyuan City,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China,have changed greatly over the years,due to population growth and farming and stock raising development.This study,using 50-year statis-tical data of cultivated land and 14-year spatial data of land use pattern,analyzed the developmental stages,the char-acter,and the spatial variance of farmland in the city,and discussed the driving forces of cultivated land changes based on empirical and conceptual statistical models.First,the change of cultivated land area went through different stages of rapid increase,fluctuating change,decrease and rapid decrease from 1949 to 2004,additionally,social and economic policies in different stages had an important impact on farmland variance.Second,from 1986 to 2000,the quantity of cultivated land increased,but its quality decreased.Third,social and economic factors are determinant factors in culti-vated land transition.Five constructed paths explain cultivated land transition.Factors that have direct or indirect ef-fects on farmland include the economy(Xeco),the population(Xpop),agricultural output(Xagr),and scientific input(Xsci).The sequence of impact was Xeco>Xpop>Xsci>Xagr.Among all these impacts,Xeco was the major positive one,and Xpop was the major negative one.It is urgent to take measures or adopt a policy to stop the vicious cycle in eco-environment and agriculture production.Otherwise,negative patterns of farmland use will increase,and high-quality cultivated land will continue to decline.
文摘The life cycle of technology is one of the most important indexes to weigh up the risk of the investment to neo tech.There are so many uncertainties because it is conditioned by a lot of factors,we can not make a rational forecasting by traditional assessment method.So this paper gives a comprehensive consideration to the factors that influence production and makes some modification to production function, and establishes the life cycle of technology assessmet model by the method of fuzzy mathematics. So it quantifies the risk of investment.We can take it as one foundational index for the decision making of the investment.
文摘It is very important to optimize maintenance strategy in maintenance plan. Proper parameters play a decisive role for the optimization. In the opinion of writer, availability is a basic parameter, failure consequence cost and failure characteristic are also important parameters. Maintenance strategy can be optimized on the base by means of quantitative analysis and diagram.
文摘This paper deals with the recent hybrid rice development in the Philippines and some information about developing economic and technical cooperation in hybrid rice between China and the Philippines.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10574001the Science Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province under Grant No.KJ2007A002
文摘A scheme to implement of 1 →3 economic phase-covariant cloning machine for unknown equator state in cavity-QED is proposed. The scheme requires cavity-assisted collision processes between atoms, which cross through nonresonant cavity fields in the vacuum states. The cavity fields are only virtually excited so that the cavity quality factor can be loosened.
文摘Engineering comes to you at last. As the Editors-in-Chief of En- gineering, first of all, we wish to thank all the scholars at home and abroad for their eager responses and full support, and all those who have provided encouragement and contributions toward the emergence of this journal. Looking back over the history of human civilization, hu- man survival is closely related to the development of social productive forces, which come from engineering science and technology (EST). Along with today's rapid economic and social development, we face common threats from global problems such as food safety, resource shortages, energy cri- ses, environmental pollution, climate change, network attacks, population expansion, poverty, the prevalence of disease, and economic crises. Therefore, EST research that addresses these major issues of economic development appears to be par- ticularly important. At present, a new scientific and technical revolution, including wide spread industrial transformation, is flowing together with new developments in human society. Historically, we know that progress and innovation in EST is a crucial engine for promotin~ progress in human society.
文摘Mining subject needs further development and towards which the development would bebeing the problems concerned over all along and to be succeded with the public good enough attention to discussions to reacb an identny of vicws admittedly. The emcrgcnce in succession of newand-hish techs in the mid-and late twentieth century is perhaps tbe most fascinating and epochmarking event that bas given to an the subjects certain but different degrees of Anpacts to becomemore closely interretative and interdepartmentai each other and fcature specifically from that of thepast for their entirely new conceptions in the result of formutating many new theories, new technologies and new subjects that mining subject is inevitably and unexceptionally the one inclusive.The author gives in this paper his opinion regardjng the problern of tbe deve1opmcnt of mining subject proving with many convincible facts and most in formative new ideas.
文摘In mainstream economics (the neoclassical economics), it is accepted that every company that competes under the perfect competition market has the same technological equipment. So, technology is approached as a simple efficiency increase whose source is unknown. In terms of established economics view, technology is like a "black box" that cannot be predicted. As the creator of the concept of"creative destruction", Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) caused significant changes in terms of the view of neoclassical economics about technology. On one hand, Schumpeter created a new point of view about the concept of"innovation" by using key concepts, such as "invention", "imitation", and "business cycles". Schumpeter's "creative destruction" concept carries out the role of a new map for the new institutional economics trend which accepts "technology" as an institution. On the other hand, if one is to understand why the ideology differs between neoclassical economics and new institutional economics, "transaction costs" should be analyzed. Since, transaction costs and creative destruction have a relationship between each other; Schumpeter and Coase's ideas are resembling each other. While doing this, this paper will try to discuss the question of how to accept the technology as "external" instead of "internal" limit neoclassical economics. In this process, it will primarily base the dimension on the concept of"technology" developed by Schumpeter. The second station is an inquiry between Schumpeter's and Coase's ideas about technology. Although new institutional economics (NIE) and neoclassical economics can be confused, they can be seperated from each other by the way they look at technology. Because, technology is accepted as an external theme by neoclassical economics, on the contrary, NIE acceptes technology as an internal fact. One of the most important reasons why technology is internal in terms of NIE can be evaluated by "transaction costs". As a result, the author will give effort to create a critical presentation in order to readdress the viewpoint of mainstream economics about "technology".
文摘In current world, with the rapid development of science and technology and emerging new and interdisciplinary science, technological progress is having extensive and profound impact on the economic and social aspects. Along with the wave of information technology revolution, life sciences and biotechnology are showing the developing prospect of unlimited possibilities. More and more people have foreseen the arrival of a new era of life sciences, which has important impact on science and technology development, social progress and economic growth.
文摘Mathematical economic modeling is widely used to provide a reference for policy makers and guidance for the specific work of many departments, such as saving expenditures, reducing costs and improving profit. Particularly, it can predict and estimate the future, playing a great role in promoting the rapid development of science and technology as well as the management of market economy. In general, mathematics does not directly deal with the objective conditions on the management of market economy. In order to use mathematics to solve problems in the field of the management of market economic, it is necessary to carry out mathematical economic modeling.
文摘Along with worldwide Internet boom, China's Internet industry is also thriving and has achieved remarkable success. Beyond that, industry integration between the Internet and other fields, such as finance, retail and advertising, is also eye-taking, as it has fostered a novel industry chain structure and business model. With an aim to realize the transformation and upgrading of conventional industry, the Chinese government has proposed ‘Internet plus' to encourage the combination of the Internet and conventional sectors. As one of the most important and complex conventional industries, the oil and gas(O&G in abbreviation) industry is also seeking the opportunity to actively cooperate with the Internet. However, after analysis of the differences between the particularities of the O&G and Internet industry from an economics perspective, a comprehensive combination of these two seems less promising, but adopting Internet related technologies to improve the performance of the O&G industry is feasible.
文摘Vocational students generally English foundation is weak, not strong interest in learning how to guide students to learn to think independently, to stimulate students' curiosity, is a series of problems faced by English teachers in vocational college. In this paper, the issues currently facing vocational English education was of, and the corresponding countermeasures. With the development of economic and trade globalization, increasingly strengthened international exchanges. Society is not only high-level personnel to graduate raised higher and higher English proficiency requirements, the ability to develop applications based English Education in Higher Colleges also put forward higher requirements. Vocalional Training Colleges for professional and technical personnel is an important part of our personnel training requirements for rapid economic development of professional and technical personnel in addition to high technical expertise, but also need to understand the professional literature information inquiry, learning and further education. Therefore, we must from the height of the times and the needs of international competition to recognize new opportunities and challenges of English teaching in higher vocational colleges are facing a variety of approaches and strive to improve our English teaching level.
文摘This article addresses the evolution of the Internet from a loosely organized, decentralized, and pluralistic system to the Next Internet, a tightly controlled, centralized and commodified system under corporate and government control. Drawing on a political economy perspective, it begins by addressing the technologies that comprise the Next Internet. These include Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics, and the Internet of Things whose convergence raises significant issues in the political economy of communication and society. The paper concentrates specifically on military, environmental, economic, privacy, and labor problems. It concludes by considering the significance of viewing the Next Internet as a public utility like electricity and water.
文摘Projects receiving China's national science and technology awards representsignificant economic,social gainsFor ages,male musk deer had been trapped and killed for their glandular secretion to be used in aroma and traditional Chinese medicine.As a medicine,