《损》《益》之中的人生管理之道

损,减损也;益,获益也。《周易》推天道以明人事,《损》《益》二卦似乎在言人之得失祸福。然人事纷繁,《损》《益》所述道理亦多方面也。以师友之道解之,《损》言交友之道,《益》言师教之道;以进德之道诠之,《损》表修德之道,《益》表振民之道;以生死之道训之,《损》述逝者之道,《益》述重生之道,《损》《益》言送死重生之道也。

清代《虚损启微》对“虚劳”治疗的用药规律分析

使用频数表对《虚损启微》治疗虚劳的72首方剂中所列药物的分类、使用频次、有无毒性、归经进行统计分析。分析《虚损启微》的用药规律,探讨虚劳的病机和治法特点。结果表明,虚劳的用药频次以补虚、清热、安神、利水渗湿、收涩药为多,有毒药物使用频次较少,归经以脾胃经、肾膀胱经为多。《虚损启微》一书认为虚劳的基本病机在于气血亏虚兼有阴虚,用药多用补虚佐以清热、安神、利水渗湿、收涩之品,少用有毒药物,并注重补肾健脾益胃。

颅脑损伤患者治疗及预后临床分析

目的探讨不同方法治疗颅脑损伤的适应证和注意事项,为临床提供科学的诊疗证据。方法选取诊治的急性颅脑损伤患者86例,所有患者根据治疗方法不同分为开颅组(28例)、微创组(30例)和保守组(28例),分别采用开颅血肿清除去骨瓣减压术、颅内血肿微创清除术及保守治疗,观察患者的预后情况。结果开颅组、微创组和保守组总有效率为89.29%、93.33%、92.86%,3组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组并发症发生例数以及复发例数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患者治疗后1、3、7 d的颅内压均明显下降,其中微创组的下降程度明显优于开颅组和保守组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);微创组治疗后1、3、7 d的Glasgow昏迷评分均低于开颅组和保守组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,开颅组和微创组的对侧血肿厚度及中线移位情况有明显变化,开颅组和微创组与保守组的血肿厚度及中线移位情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且微创组变化情况要大于开颅组(P<0.05)。保守组患者住院时间长于开颅组和微创组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论抢救生命是实施手术治疗的基本原则,通过治疗,阻止患者脑疝发生与恶化,缓解颅高压症状,清除颅内血肿。症状较轻患者进行脑膜修补,临床上需要依据患者病情的具体情况针对性的选择治疗方法,从而为患者制定合理的治疗方案。

Novel damage constitutive models and new quantitative identification method for stress thresholds of rocks under uniaxial compression

Four key stress thresholds exist in the compression process of rocks,i.e.,crack closure stress(σ_(cc)),crack initiation stress(σ_(ci)),crack damage stress(σ_(cd))and compressive strength(σ_(c)).The quantitative identifications of the first three stress thresholds are of great significance for characterizing the microcrack growth and damage evolution of rocks under compression.In this paper,a new method based on damage constitutive model is proposed to quantitatively measure the stress thresholds of rocks.Firstly,two different damage constitutive models were constructed based on acoustic emission(AE)counts and Weibull distribution function considering the compaction stages of the rock and the bearing capacity of the damage element.Then,the accumulative AE counts method(ACLM),AE count rate method(CRM)and constitutive model method(CMM)were introduced to determine the stress thresholds of rocks.Finally,the stress thresholds of 9 different rocks were identified by ACLM,CRM,and CMM.The results show that the theoretical stress−strain curves obtained from the two damage constitutive models are in good agreement with that of the experimental data,and the differences between the two damage constitutive models mainly come from the evolutionary differences of the damage variables.The results of the stress thresholds identified by the CMM are in good agreement with those identified by the AE methods,i.e.,ACLM and CRM.Therefore,the proposed CMM can be used to determine the stress thresholds of rocks.

Effect and mechanism of on-chip electrostatic discharge protection circuit under fast rising time electromagnetic pulse

The electrostatic discharge(ESD)protection circuit widely exists in the input and output ports of CMOS digital circuits,and fast rising time electromagnetic pulse(FREMP)coupled into the device not only interacts with the CMOS circuit,but also acts on the protection circuit.This paper establishes a model of on-chip CMOS electrostatic discharge protection circuit and selects square pulse as the FREMP signals.Based on multiple physical parameter models,it depicts the distribution of the lattice temperature,current density,and electric field intensity inside the device.At the same time,this paper explores the changes of the internal devices in the circuit under the injection of fast rising time electromagnetic pulse and describes the relationship between the damage amplitude threshold and the pulse width.The results show that the ESD protection circuit has potential damage risk,and the injection of FREMP leads to irreversible heat loss inside the circuit.In addition,pulse signals with different attributes will change the damage threshold of the circuit.These results provide an important reference for further evaluation of the influence of electromagnetic environment on the chip,which is helpful to carry out the reliability enhancement research of ESD protection circuit.

Cranial ultrasound in perioperative period of acute severe traumatic brain injury

Objective To observe the value of cranial ultrasound for perioperative patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury(sTBI).Methods Data of 55 sTBI patients who underwent craniotomy were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into observation group(n=15)and control group(n=40)according to received perioperative cranial ultrasound or not.The general data and surgical data were compared between groups,and ultrasonic data of observation group were analyzed.Results The proportions of good prognosis 1 and 6 months after operation in observation group were both higher than those in control group,while the incidence of cerebral infarction in observation group was lower than that in control group(all P<0.05).No significant difference of general data nor other surgical data was found between groups(all P>0.05).Acute encephalocele occurred in 1 case in observation group during operation,and cranial ultrasound accurately showed the contralateral secondary epidural hematoma.Increased intracranial pressure in different degrees were found in all 15 cases(15/15,100%)in observation group after operation with transcranial color coded Doppler(TCCD)or transcranial Doppler(TCD),while cerebral vascular spasm was observed in 5 cases(5/15,33.33%),among them 4 cases(4/5,80.00%)were diagnosed cerebral infarction based on CT examination.Conclusion Cranial ultrasound could be used to evaluate changes of sTBI in perioperative period and guide adjusting treatment strategy in time,being valuable for reducing risk of postoperative cerebral infarction and improving prognosis.

A whole process damage constitutive model for layered sandstone under uniaxial compression based on Logistic function

Bedding structural planes significantly influence the mechanical properties and stability of engineering rock masses.This study conducts uniaxial compression tests on layered sandstone with various bedding angles(0°,15°,30°,45°,60°,75°and 90°)to explore the impact of bedding angle on the deformational mechanical response,failure mode,and damage evolution processes of rocks.It develops a damage model based on the Logistic equation derived from the modulus’s degradation considering the combined effect of the sandstone bedding dip angle and load.This model is employed to study the damage accumulation state and its evolution within the layered rock mass.This research also introduces a piecewise constitutive model that considers the initial compaction characteristics to simulate the whole deformation process of layered sandstone under uniaxial compression.The results revealed that as the bedding angle increases from 0°to 90°,the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of layered sandstone significantly decrease,slightly increase,and then decline again.The corresponding failure modes transition from splitting tensile failure to slipping shear failure and back to splitting tensile failure.As indicated by the modulus’s degradation,the damage characteristics can be categorized into four stages:initial no damage,damage initiation,damage acceleration,and damage deceleration termination.The theoretical damage model based on the Logistic equation effectively simulates and predicts the entire damage evolution process.Moreover,the theoretical constitutive model curves closely align with the actual stress−strain curves of layered sandstone under uniaxial compression.The introduced constitutive model is concise,with fewer parameters,a straightforward parameter determination process,and a clear physical interpretation.This study offers valuable insights into the theory of layered rock mechanics and holds implications for ensuring the safety of rock engineering.

Research on fast detection method of infrared small targets under resourceconstrained conditions

Infrared small target detection is a common task in infrared image processing.Under limited computa⁃tional resources.Traditional methods for infrared small target detection face a trade-off between the detection rate and the accuracy.A fast infrared small target detection method tailored for resource-constrained conditions is pro⁃posed for the YOLOv5s model.This method introduces an additional small target detection head and replaces the original Intersection over Union(IoU)metric with Normalized Wasserstein Distance(NWD),while considering both the detection accuracy and the detection speed of infrared small targets.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a maximum effective detection speed of 95 FPS on a 15 W TPU,while reach⁃ing a maximum effective detection accuracy of 91.9 AP@0.5,effectively improving the efficiency of infrared small target detection under resource-constrained conditions.

High-throughput studies and machine learning for design of β titanium alloys with optimum properties

Based on experimental data,machine learning(ML) models for Young's modulus,hardness,and hot-working ability of Ti-based alloys were constructed.In the models,the interdiffusion and mechanical property data were high-throughput re-evaluated from composition variations and nanoindentation data of diffusion couples.Then,the Ti-(22±0.5)at.%Nb-(30±0.5)at.%Zr-(4±0.5)at.%Cr(TNZC) alloy with a single body-centered cubic(BCC) phase was screened in an interactive loop.The experimental results exhibited a relatively low Young's modulus of(58±4) GPa,high nanohardness of(3.4±0.2) GPa,high microhardness of HV(520±5),high compressive yield strength of(1220±18) MPa,large plastic strain greater than 30%,and superior dry-and wet-wear resistance.This work demonstrates that ML combined with high-throughput analytic approaches can offer a powerful tool to accelerate the design of multicomponent Ti alloys with desired properties.Moreover,it is indicated that TNZC alloy is an attractive candidate for biomedical applications.

A thermo-mechanical damage constitutive model for deep rock considering brittleness-ductility transition characteristics

This paper developed a statistical damage constitutive model for deep rock by considering the effects of external load and thermal treatment temperature based on the distortion energy.The model parameters were determined through the extremum features of stress−strain curve.Subsequently,the model predictions were compared with experimental results of marble samples.It is found that when the treatment temperature rises,the coupling damage evolution curve shows an S-shape and the slope of ascending branch gradually decreases during the coupling damage evolution process.At a constant temperature,confining pressure can suppress the expansion of micro-fractures.As the confining pressure increases the rock exhibits ductility characteristics,and the shape of coupling damage curve changes from an S-shape into a quasi-parabolic shape.This model can well characterize the influence of high temperature on the mechanical properties of deep rock and its brittleness-ductility transition characteristics under confining pressure.Also,it is suitable for sandstone and granite,especially in predicting the pre-peak stage and peak stress of stress−strain curve under the coupling action of confining pressure and high temperature.The relevant results can provide a reference for further research on the constitutive relationship of rock-like materials and their engineering applications.

Automatic road extraction framework based on codec network

Road extraction based on deep learning is one of hot spots of semantic segmentation in the past decade.In this work,we proposed a framework based on codec network for automatic road extraction from remote sensing images.Firstly,a pre-trained ResNet34 was migrated to U-Net and its encoding structure was replaced to deepen the number of network layers,which reduces the error rate of road segmentation and the loss of details.Secondly,dilated convolution was used to connect the encoder and the decoder of network to expand the receptive field and retain more low-dimensional information of the image.Afterwards,the channel attention mechanism was used to select the information of the feature image obtained by up-sampling of the encoder,the weights of target features were optimized to enhance the features of target region and suppress the features of background and noise regions,and thus the feature extraction effect of the remote sensing image with complex background was optimized.Finally,an adaptive sigmoid loss function was proposed,which optimizes the imbalance between the road and the background,and makes the model reach the optimal solution.Experimental results show that compared with several semantic segmentation networks,the proposed method can greatly reduce the error rate of road segmentation and effectively improve the accuracy of road extraction from remote sensing images.

Bridge damage identification based on convolutional autoencoders and extreme gradient boosting trees

To enhance the accuracy and efficiency of bridge damage identification,a novel data-driven damage identification method was proposed.First,convolutional autoencoder(CAE)was used to extract key features from the acceleration signal of the bridge structure through data reconstruction.The extreme gradient boosting tree(XGBoost)was then used to perform analysis on the feature data to achieve damage detection with high accuracy and high performance.The proposed method was applied in a numerical simulation study on a three-span continuous girder and further validated experimentally on a scaled model of a cable-stayed bridge.The numerical simulation results show that the identification errors remain within 2.9%for six single-damage cases and within 3.1%for four double-damage cases.The experimental validation results demonstrate that when the tension in a single cable of the cable-stayed bridge decreases by 20%,the method accurately identifies damage at different cable locations using only sensors installed on the main girder,achieving identification accuracies above 95.8%in all cases.The proposed method shows high identification accuracy and generalization ability across various damage scenarios.

Mechanisms and Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating NF-κB in the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute lung injury(ALI)has multiple causes and can easily progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)if not properly treated.Nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)is a key pathway in the treatment of ALI/ARDS.By exploring the relevance of NF-κB and the pathogenesis of this disease,it was found that this disease was mainly associated with inflammation,dysfunction of the endothelial barrier,oxidative stress,impaired clearance of alveolar fluid,and coagulation disorders.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has the characteristics of multitargeting,multipathway effects,and high safety,which can directly or indirectly affect the treatment of ALI/ARDS.This article summarizes the mechanism and treatment strategies of TCM in recent years through intervention in the NF-κB-related signaling pathways for treating ALI/ARDS.It provides an overview from the perspectives of Chinese herbal monomers,TCM couplet medicines,TCM injections,Chinese herbal compounds,and Chinese herbal preparations,offering insights into the prevention and treatment of ALI/ARDS with TCM.

咪康唑对大鼠缺氧缺血性早产儿脑白质损伤的保护作用

目的探讨咪康唑对早产儿脑白质损伤(WMD)大鼠髓鞘的保护作用。方法新生3日龄SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、WMD模型组、10 mg/(kg·d))和40 mg/(kg·d)咪康唑组,每组15只;采用结扎右侧颈总动脉,缺氧80 min的方法制作早产儿WMD模型。咪康唑组于建模后第1~5天腹腔注射10 mg/(kg·d)和40 mg/(kg·d)咪康唑,WMD模型组注射等浓度二甲基亚砜(DMSO)。采用髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)免疫荧光染色及Western blot检测脑白质特异性MBP表达量,超微结构电镜观察髓鞘超微结构变化,并比较各组幼鼠体质量变化。结果 WMD大鼠经咪康唑治疗后,胼胝体MBP表达量较WMD模型组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。咪康唑治疗组MBP的表达量较模型对照组增高。模型对照组胼胝体髓鞘疏松,髓鞘内小空泡形成,呈筛网状改变,髓鞘厚度明显降低,结构紊乱。经咪康唑治疗后可明显改善缺氧缺血所致的脱髓鞘改变。WMD模型组幼鼠体质量增长速度较假手术组明显减慢,咪康唑治疗后大鼠的体质量生长速度增快。结论咪康唑可通过促进髓鞘形成保护新生大鼠脑缺氧缺血诱导的白质损伤,并改善大鼠的生长发育情况。

损人王的损人爱情表白

在杜文乐盯着我足足看了有一分钟的时候，我爆发出一声吼叫：“杜文乐，你要是再盯着我看，我非把你的眼睛挖下来，不信你可以试试看！”

损友或益友你要哪一种?

损友或益友是如何区分的呢？关于损友及益友，孔子是这样说的：“对人有益的朋友有3类，对人有害的朋友也有3类。和正直的人、诚信的人、知识广博的人交朋友，是有益的，即为益友；和心术不正的人、两面三刀的人、只会夸夸其谈的人交朋友，是有害的．即为损友。”

孔子“持满有道”论

持盈满问题,向受中国思想之关注。《周易》言“人道恶盈而好谦”,老子言“不欲盈”,范蠡言“国家之事有持盈”,荀子言“爵禄盈而忠衰于君”,管子言“釜鼓满则人概之,人满则天概之”,王船山言“盈而后奋”,曾国藩言“先自概”,所有这些有关持盈的观点,无不贯穿这样一个优势关注,即有盈满而如何持盈满?也就是孔子所要回答的“持满有道乎?”笔者认为,孔子的“持满有道”理论,在拓宽传统持盈理论向度上,是有独见之功的。

《周易》“持盈有道”观中的德性意识

《周易》“持盈有道”中的德性意识水质上积淀着一种对存在的关怀。《周易》从盈极生亏、满则把损、盛则入衰的“无道”法则中深刻领悟到“人道”有盈而持盈的存在辩识，以“不失其正”命题勾勒出在进退存亡之间以中道而持盈的持盈路径，其基本格调是持盈于德性之中的。在《周易》把这种存在关怀转向一种对待盈的关怀使得持盈于德性之中深深地契入在先后关怀、忧乐关怀、生死关怀之中，令我们看到《简易》“持盈有道”中的德性既是一种生存因又最一种本体因；在与《老子》持盈路径的比较中，更令我们看到《简易》“持盈有道”中的德性本体理念的哲蕴。