《描述翻译学及其他》评介

本文评述吉迪恩·图里的《描述翻译学及其他》，试图为读者展现图里的主要核心理论，即以目标语为导向的研究方法和翻译规范，这也是图里在发展描述翻译学分支方面做出的两大杰出贡献。在介绍图里的两大贡献之前，笔者拟就描写分支在翻译研究中的地位展开讨论，这将有助于把握图里的核心理论。

描述家人——亲爱家人

会话A（杰克和他阿姨在走向购物中心的路上遇见了潘。）杰克：嗨，潘。你还记得素琳阿姨吗？潘：记得。你好。嘿，我在找我妈妈，你有没有看到她？杰克：没有。

描述物品找东西——描述看看!

找找看! 艾玛和汤姆在做什么？

The application study on the multi-scales integrated prediction method to fractured reservoir description

In this paper,we implement three scales of fracture integrated prediction study by classifying it to macro-（ 1/4/λ）,meso-（ 1/100λ and 1/4λ） and micro-（ 1/100λ） scales.Based on the multi-scales rock physics modelling technique,the seismic azimuthal anisotropy characteristic is analyzed for distinguishing the fractures of meso-scale.Furthermore,by integrating geological core fracture description,image well-logging fracture interpretation,seismic attributes macro-scale fracture prediction and core slice micro-scale fracture characterization,an comprehensive multi-scale fracture prediction methodology and technique workflow are proposed by using geology,well-logging and seismic multi-attributes.Firstly,utilizing the geology core slice observation（Fractures description） and image well-logging data interpretation results,the main governing factors of fracture development are obtained,and then the control factors of the development of regional macro-scale fractures are carried out via modelling of the tectonic stress field.For the meso-scale fracture description,the poststack geometric attributes are used to describe the macro-scale fracture as well,the prestack attenuation seismic attribute is used to predict the meso-scale fracture.Finally,by combining lithological statistic inversion with superposed results of faults,the relationship of the meso-scale fractures,lithology and faults can be reasonably interpreted and the cause of meso-scale fractures can be verified.The micro-scale fracture description is mainly implemented by using the electron microscope scanning of cores.Therefore,the development of fractures in reservoirs is assessed by valuating three classes of fracture prediction results.An integrated fracture prediction application to a real field in Sichuan basin,where limestone reservoir fractures developed,is implemented.The application results in the study area indicates that the proposed multi-scales integrated fracture prediction method and the technique procedureare able to deal with the strong heterogeneity and multi-scales problems in fracture prediction.Moreover,the multi-scale fracture prediction technique integrated with geology,well-logging and seismic multi-information can help improve the reservoir characterization and sweet-spots prediction for the fractured hydrocarbon reservoirs.

Description logics for fuzzy ontologies on semantic web

To enable representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web, a new fuzzy extension of description logics called the fuzzy description logics with comparison expressions （FCDLs） is presented. The syntax and semantics of FCDLs are formally defined, and the forms of axioms and assertions in FCDLs knowledge bases are specified. FCDLs combine both fuzzy concepts from the fuzzy description logics （FDLs） and cut concepts from the extended fuzzy description logics （EFDLs） in the same theory. Furthermore, cut concepts are extended into comparison cut concepts in FCDLs to represent comparison expressions between fuzzy membership degrees, which are often used in practice but not supported by the other fuzzy extensions of description logics. FCDLs have more expressive power than FDLs and EFDLs, and are able to represent expressive fuzzy knowledge and to perform reasoning tasks based on them. Therefore, FCDLs can enable representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web.

Simulation of extrusion process of complicated aluminium profile and die trial

The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian（ALE） adaptive remeshing technology and the HyperXtrude software of transient finite element simulations were used on analogue simulation of aluminium extrusion processing.The field distributions of strain rate,stress,temperature and velocity of metal flow were obtained.The results are basically consistent with the experiment,which indicates that this method may successfully predict the defects in the actual extrusion process.

Quantitative Description of the Effects of Sweep Efficiency and Displacement Efficiency during Chemical Flooding on a Heterogeneous Reservoir

The processes of flooding—water flooding, polymer flooding and ternary combination flooding—were simulated respectively on a 2-D positive rhythm profile geological model by using the ASP numerical modeling software developed by RIPED (Yuan, et al. 1995). The recovery coefficient, remaining oil saturation, sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency were calculated and correlated layer by layer. The results show that the sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency work different effects on different layers in the severely heterogeneous reservoir. The study shows that the displacement efficiency and sweep efficiency play different roles in different layers for severely heterogeneous reservoirs. The displacement efficiency contributes mainly to the high permeability zones, the sweep efficiency to the low permeability zones, both of which contribute to the middle permeable zones. To improve the sweep efficiency in the low permeability zones is of significance for enhancing the whole recovery of the reservoir. It is an important path for improving the effectiveness of chemical flooding in the severely heterogeneous reservoirs to inject ternary combination slug after profile control.

Application of Prediction Techniques in Carbonate Karst Reservoir in Tarim Basin

Carbonate karst reservoir is the emphases of Tarim＇s carbonate exploration. However, it is buried at a large depth, which results in Weak seismic reflection signal and low S/N ratio. In addition, the karst reservoir contains great heterogeneity, so reservoir prediction is very difficult. Through many years of research and exploration, we have established a suite of comprehensive evaluation technology for carbonate karst reservoir using geophysical characteristics and a geological concept model, including a technique for reconstructing the paleogeomorphology of buried hills based on a sequence framework, seismic description of the karst reservoir, and strain variant analysis for fracture estimation. The evaluation technology has been successfully applied in the Tabei and Tazhong areas, and commercial production of oil and gas has been achieved. We show the application of this technology in the Lunguxi area in North Tarim in this paper.

Identification algorithm for a kind of fractional order system

The state-space representation of linear time-invariant (LTI) fractional order systems is introduced, and a proof of their stability theory is also given. Then an efficient identification algorithm is proposed for those fractional order systems. The basic idea of the algorithm is to compute fractional derivatives and the filter simultaneously, i.e., the filtered fractional derivatives can be obtained by computing them in one step, and then system identification can be fulfilled by the least square method. The instrumental variable method is also used in the identification of fractional order systems. In this way, even if there is colored noise in the systems, the unbiased estimation of the parameters can still be obtained. Finally an example of identifying a viscoelastic system is given to show the effectiveness of the aforementioned method.

ESSENTIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOMAIN-BASED ONE-CLASS CLASSIFIERS AND DENSITY ESTIMATION

One-class support vector machine （OCSVM） and support vector data description （SVDD） are two main domain-based one-class （kernel） classifiers. To reveal their relationship with density estimation in the case of the Gaussian kernel, OCSVM and SVDD are firstly unified into the framework of kernel density estimation, and the essential relationship between them is explicitly revealed. Then the result proves that the density estimation induced by OCSVM or SVDD is in agreement with the true density. Meanwhile, it can also reduce the integrated squared error （ISE）. Finally, experiments on several simulated datasets verify the revealed relationships.

A New Species of Menida Motschulsky from China with a Redescription of Menida salvazana Distant (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae)

In this paper,a new species of pentatomid bug Menida speciosa Zheng & Xiong,sp.nov.is described from southwestern part of Yunnan Province of China;and the Menida salvazana Distant 1921 is redescribed and figured based upon the type material.

New method for query answering in semantic web

To promote the efficiency of knowledge base retrieval based on description logic, the concept of assertional graph （AG）, which is directed labeled graph, is defined and a new AG-based retrieval method is put forward. This method converts the knowledge base and query clause into knowledge AG and query AG by making use of the given rules and then makes use of graph traversal to carry out knowledge base retrieval. The experiment indicates that the efficiency of this method exceeds, respectively, the popular RACER and KAON2 system by 0.4% and 3.3%. This method can obviously promote the efficiency of knowledge base retrieval.

Clustering analysis algorithm for security supervising data based on semantic description in coal mines

In order to mine production and security information from security supervising data and to ensure security and safety involved in production and decision-making,a clustering analysis algorithm for security supervising data based on a semantic description in coal mines is studied.First,the semantic and numerical-based hybrid description method of security supervising data in coal mines is described.Secondly,the similarity measurement method of semantic and numerical data are separately given and a weight-based hybrid similarity measurement method for the security supervising data based on a semantic description in coal mines is presented.Thirdly,taking the hybrid similarity measurement method as the distance criteria and using a grid methodology for reference,an improved CURE clustering algorithm based on the grid is presented.Finally,the simulation results of a security supervising data set in coal mines validate the efficiency of the algorithm.

ALE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR SLOSHING PROBLEMS BASED ON F LUID VELOCITY POTENTIAL

Base d on fluid velocity potential, an ALE finite element formulation for the analysi s of nonlinear sloshing problems has been developed. The ALE kinemat ical description is introduced to move the computational mesh independently of f luid motion, and the container fixed noninertial coordinate system is employed to establish the governing equations so that the mesh is needed to be updated in this coordinate system only. This leads to a very simple mesh moving algorithm which makes it easy to trace the motion of the moving boundaries and the free su rface without producing undesirable distortion of the computational mesh. The fi nite element method and finite difference method are used spacewise and timewise , respectively. A numerical example involving either forced horizontal oscillati on or forced pitching oscillation of the fluid filled container is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and the robustness of the method. In additi on, this work can be extended for the fluid structure interaction problems.

Fuzzy description logic based on vague sets

To enable the representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web, a new fuzzy extension of description logics called vague ALC which is based on vague sets is presented. The definition of vague set is introduced and then the syntax and semantics of vague ALC are formally defined. The forms of axioms and assertions in the vague ALC knowledge bases are specified. Finally, the tableau algorithm is developed for the reasoning in the vague ALC. The vague ALC based on vague set uses two degrees of membership instead of a single membership degree in the fuzzy sets and is more accurate in representing the imprecision in the degrees of membership. The vague ALC has more expressive power than ALC and can represent fuzzy knowledge and perform reasoning tasks based on them. Therefore, the vague ALC can enable the representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web.

New reasoning algorithm based on EFALC

The current extended fuzzy description logics lack reasoning algorithms with TBoxes. The problem of the satisfiability of the extended fuzzy description logic EFALC cut concepts w. r. t. TBoxes is proposed, and a reasoning algorithm is given. This algorithm is designed in the style of tableau algorithms, which is usually used in classical description logics. The transformation rules and the process of this algorithm is described and optimized with three main techniques： recursive procedure call, branch cutting and introducing sets of mesne results. The optimized algorithm is proved sound, complete and with an EXPTime complexity, and the satisfiability problem is EXPTime-complete.

Reasoning complexity for extended fuzzy description logic with qualifying number restriction

To solve the extended fuzzy description logic with qualifying number restriction （EFALCQ） reasoning problems, EFALCQ is discretely simulated by description logic with qualifying number restriction （ALCQ）, and ALCQ reasoning results are reused to prove the complexity of EFALCQ reasoning problems. The ALCQ simulation method for the consistency of EFALCQ is proposed. This method reduces EFALCQ satisfiability into EFALCQ consistency, and uses EFALCQ satisfiability to discretely simulate EFALCQ satdomain. It is proved that the reasoning complexity for EFALCQ satisfiability, consistency and sat-domain is PSPACE-complete.

Three-component seismic data in thin interbedded reservoir exploration

We present the first successful application of three-component seismic data to thin interbedded reservoir characterization in the Daqing placanticline of the LMD oilfield. The oilfield has reached the final high water cut stage and the principal problem is how to recognize the boundaries of sand layers that are thicker than 2 m. Conventional interpretation of single PP-wave seismic data results in multiple solutions, whereas the introduction of PS-wave enhances the reliability of interpretation. We analyze the gas reservoir characteristics by joint PP- and PS-waves, and use the amplitude and frequency decomposition attributes to delineate the gas reservoir boundaries because of the minimal effect of fl uids on S-wave. We perform joint inversion of PP- and PS-waves to obtain V P/V S, λρ, and μρ and map the lithology changes by using density, λρ, and μρ. The 3D–3C attribute λρ slices describe the sand layers distribution, while considering the well log data, and point to favorable region for tapping the remaining oil.

An Efficient Approach to Rules-Based Optical Proximity Correction

A new approach for rules-based optical proximity correction is presented.The discussion addresses on how to select and construct more concise and practical rules-base as well as how to apply that rules-base.Based on those ideas,several primary rules are suggested.The v-support vector regression method is used to generate a mathematical expression according to rule data.It enables to make correction according to any given rules parameters.Experimental results demonstrate applying rules calculated from the expression match well with that from the rule table.

Revision of two holotypes of Nanocladius Kieffer(Diptera:Chironomidae),with a key to males from the East Asia

Two holotypes of the orthoclad genus Nanocladius from Japan were redescribed and illustrated:Nanocladius(Plecopteracoluthus) asiaticus Hayashi and Nanocladius(Nanocladius) tamabicolor Sasa.A key to the males of Nanocladius from the East Asia was provided.