《文化时间》:替未来记录历史

回首辽阳地方电视传播史,我们看到,在它经过了18年的历炼和准备以后,一个专事本土历史文化发掘整理的固定栏目《文化时间》,不但在2002年5月宣告诞生。并且在业内人士日后的精心打磨中逐渐成形。感谢观众善解人意的慰藉,到目前为止,《文化时间》栏目每播出一期,都会引起观众称赞和鼓励的回声。从一定层面上说,《文化时间》的原创精神和肇始地位无可否认,同时,制片人对文本本质意义的强烈追求,也是它得以迅速闪亮的不可或缺的要素。《文化时间》努力诠释历史的丰富性、文化的多元性、古城风格的凝重性和先人精神的魅力性,以辽阳悠久的历史、沉积的文化,构建荧屏独特的人文景观,为受众提供一个了解辽阳、欣赏辽阳的系统的文史读本。由四个子栏目构成的《文化时间》

A Study of Burial Patterns and Symbolism With Reference to Harappan Sites in India

Since time and beyond, when humans first developed the understanding of staying in communities, a sense of affection and adoration grew towards fellow beings. The law of nature of the cycle of life gave rise to the belief in life after death and a sense of intimidation for the same, gave way to supernatural beliefs. Such beliefs gave rise to multifarious customary activities. A study to understand them on the basis of symbolism has paved the way for simplification of the complex rituals, and hence, perceive the prevalent socio-cultural aspects of those times.

Managing the Value of the Organization Based on Organizational Culture

Managing the value of the organization is taking place based on factors forming it. It is becoming possible thanks to such managing operations of the organization, when in the end an image in accordance with expectations, giving the state back to the value of organizations is being got. Creating the goodwill is based among others on immaterial factors, which although they are becoming impossible to include in balance, are taken hold in time value of the organization. Creation of the value of an organization may be based on the organizational culture. The article presents the essence of value management and organization characterized the factors affecting the formation of organizational culture, ways of dealing with an organization aimed at consolidating and strengthening the organizational culture. Sometimes organizations feel the need to change the culture in order to achieve increased efficiency and ensure the success of the company to implement the necessary changes. Therefore, the rest of this article presents the elements to ensure a smooth implementation and consolidation of cultural change.

Historical Geography of Middle Black Sea （Amisos）

Anatolia peninsula that is a bridge between Asia and Europe has become a house for many diverse nations and settlement for over centuries because of its unprecedented strategic location above mentioned. Every newly-arrived community seems to have captured the native features. Regardless looking what their origins or from where they come this Anatolian culture, local features of which overrides, takes its base from Anatolia＇s distinctive geopolitical location. Situated in the crossroads of world＇s most beautiful and important roads Anatolia has lots of different geographical features that are isolated from each other by chain of mountains and include many units. And this allowed the peninsula to have different cultural features in almost every period of history. In Anatolia that has a very dynamic history, one of the most important element changing in time is the name of places. Despite the fact that there is not a precision in the change of names, it is generally related with the language used by prevailing public.

The Dynamics of the Sociological Imagination

This article focuses on the factors that influence the dynamics of the sociological imagination. The author argues for the codependence of sociological theorizing, thinking, and imagination that are analyzed through the prism of the increasing complexity of social and cultural dynamics of the society, the accelerated complex development of human communities within the ＂arrow of time＂. He critically discusses the types of sociological imagination worked out by C. Wright Mills, P. Sztompka, S. Fuller, and U. Beck, and proposes his own model of sociological imagination in the form of a non-linear humanistic one that is based on the synthesis of social, hard and humane science. It deals with the acceleration of socio-cultural dynamics and glocal complexity, the integrity of the interdependent humanity, and synergetically takes into consideration paradoxical synthesis, breaks, risks, and dispersions of socium, its obiective, subjectively constructed, and virtual realities, searching for new forms of humanism, based on men＇s existential needs. It presupposes humane praxis--nowadays the world needs the passing over from technological to humane modernization that can be achieved due to a humanistic turn in sociology, its orientation on a non-linear humanistic sociological imagination.

Comparison between the Chinese time view and the western view

The difference between the Chinese time view and the western time view originates from agricultural civilization＇s inertia and industrial civilization＇s feeling way. This time coordinate controls people＇s behavior, awareness of concepts, industrial relationship, interpersonal relationship and value orientation. Different cultures bred different time conceptions and time behaviors. This paper mainly talks about the aspects of their differences. When different time views are reflected in cross-cultural communication, conflicts and obstacles of interpersonal communication may arise. With the development of social economy and cultural communication, the time views of Chinese culture and western culture have impacts on each other and are gradually integrated with each other.

Impact of Meteorological Drought on Streamflow Drought in Jinghe River Basin of China

Under global climate change, drought has become one of the most serious natural hazards, affecting the ecological environment and human life. Drought can be categorized as meteorological, agricultural, hydrological or socio-economic drought. Among the different categories of drought, hydrological drought, especially streamflow drought, has been given more attention by local governments, researchers and the public in recent years. Identifying the occurrence of streamflow drought and issuing early warning can provide timely information for effective water resources management. In this study, streamflow drought is detected by using the Standardized Runoff Index, whereas meteorological drought is detected by the Standardized Precipitation Index. Comparative analyses of frequency, magnitude, onset and duration are conducted to identify the impact of meteorological drought on streamflow drought. This study focuses on the Jinghe River Basin in Northwest China, mainly providing the following findings. 1) Eleven meteorological droughts and six streamflow droughts were indicated during 1970 and 1990 after pooling using Inter-event time and volume Criterion method. 2) Streamflow drought in the Jinghe River Basin lagged meteorological drought for about 127 days. 3) The frequency of streamflow drought in Jinghe River Basin was less than meteorological drought. However, the average duration of streamflow drought is longer. 4) The magnitude of streamflow drought is greater than meteorological drought. These results not only play an important theoretical role in understanding relationships between different drought categories, but also have practical implications for streamflow drought mitigation and regional water resources management.

Cultural Literacy and World Literature： A Case Study

How much more can be gained from a piece of World Literature when the reader is semiotically literate in the culture that produced the work？ What are the implications of introducing the element of cultural literacy into the teaching of world literature, and how might culturally contextualizing the narrative enhance the reading experience for those who may not be familiar with the national culture that produced the work？ This paper examines these questions using as a case study The Tale of Genji （n.d.）, a novel from llth century Japan and ＂La Troisi6me Jeunesse de Madame Prune＂ （1905）, a French text set in Japan at the turn of the 20th century. Using examples taken from each writer＇s text, the author will show how a knowledge of both the target culture and the time period in which the work was produced can serve as a critical tool for analyzing the text; the former text shall be used to argue for an integration of a cultural anthropology element into the teaching of world literature, while the latter example shall be used to argue for the importance of contextualizing a text within its historical creation period. In concluding, the author shall examine the ways in which including an element of cultural literacy can lead to a truly interdisciplinary, trans-national, and trans-linguistic understanding of a particular literary text.

Survey of Shopping Streets as Basic Knowledge for Revitalizing the Old Town Centre of Parma

The revitalization of the historic fabric should not be considered only a matter of safeguarding the cultural heritage of collective memory; it will mainly be to recover and value an urban life, as in the urban context, the historic centre plays a function of social identification and recognition of the community, that commercial distribution helps to keep alive. It is widely spreading the concept of Old Town as Natural Shopping Centre： with this word, we define commercial complex and not homogenous places, developed over time without programming unit. designed as a unique space, which fall within a certain urban perimeter, work together as a business, financial administration, facilities and service all coordinated by a common policy development. In order to recover the vitality of the consolidated tissue of the city of Parma, the Town Council has started to study its historic centre as Natural Shopping Centre, relying on the potential inherent in the existing commercial streets.

Experience, Culture, Science, and Reasoned Knowledge Produce the Philosophy of Natural Foresight, with Professor Paul Ricoeur＇s Generous Heritage

Presentation of ＂development of methods of foresight＂ while presenting texts of examples and concrete results： （1） Christianity （appropriately） will not now disappear overnight since it has been around for more than 2017 years! Its built-up ＂Ways＂ are precedents and subsequents to Western models of existence, chosen, among multiple alternatives, by predecessors whose influence, is shared, today and tomorrow! （2） Use of sustained faith and search for peace for continuous steady and slow evolution （in spite of difficulties） toward the inevitable future--initial belief in Christianity presenting the least worst of existing conditions for human freedom and movement. （3） Let the unwilling remain in the last wagon of the moving train from where they will （without a doubt） regret not moving onwards, but yet happily benefit from progress （such are ＂trust-busters,＂ leaving the initiatives to the ＂clearsighted＂ actors of progress）. Note that Time moves on nonetheless. （4） Use of the past （genealogy, track record, and estimation of dates of future evolutions） for its recorded evolutions in time as ＂launching parameters＂ （ex. curves...） and for projected advancements in open-ended time, using of historical proofs with world-wide testimony, witness and belie! This would help not only in ＂down-to-earth＂ reasoning but also in ＂above and beyond＂ anticipation, further down Time＇s road! Use date and timing references of the past--further historical example and proofs to be extended to the society＇s extension in the Western World and as a founding basis from which extension throughout the World could be justified （ex. starting with Europe, and without unique or limiting dogmatism）. （5） Use of cordiality and diplomacy to ease difficulties of understanding, in spite of hesitation to proceed--＂humiliations＂ of conditions （if necessary）--as the leading ＂team＂ has an agreed objective, and these ＂volonteer followers,＂ so they would be, are trapped strangled by their own leashes. （6） Opening one＇s generous arms （even if politically motivated） to fraternal and willing brethren, for endulging welcoming attitudes toward the others. This would prepare the road for others in their own progress （toward their progressive） destiny. （7） Open-up multi-culturalism as opposed to the quest for mono-cultural sovereignty! Europe would then evermore be consolidated! （8） Indeed nothing looks like an individual more than another individual! Especially, in need! And it is in needs that appears the essence of humankind!

Timelessness and Time Dependence of Human Consciousness From a Scientific Western Viewpoint

Eastern philosophy and western science have convergent and divergent viewpoints for their explanation of consciousness. Convergence is found for the practice of meditation allowing besides a time dependent consciousness, the experience of a timeless consciousness and its beneficial effect on psychological wellbeing and medical improvements, which are confirmed by multiple scientific publications. Theories of quantum mechanics with non-locality and timelessness also show astonishing correlation to eastern philosophy, such as the theory of Penrose-Hameroff （ORC-OR）, which explains consciousness by reduction of quantum superposition in the brain. Divergence appears in the interpretation of the subjective experience of timeless consciousness. In eastern philosophy, meditation at a higher level of awareness allows the personal experience of timeless and non-dual consciousness, considered as an empirical proof for the existence of pure consciousness or spirituality existing before the material world and creating it by design. Western science acknowledges the subjective, non-dual experience, and its multiple beneficial effects, however, the interpretation of spirituality designing the material universe is in disagreement with the Darwinian Theory of mutation and selection. A design should create an ideal universe without the injustice of 3% congenital birth defects and later genetic health problems. The western viewpoint of selection is more adapted to explain congenital errors. The gap between subjectivity and objectivity, the mind-body problem, is in eastern philosophy reduced to the dominance of subjectivity over objectivity, whereas western science attributes equal values to both. Nevertheless, there remains an astonishing complementarity between eastern and western practices.

Evolution of Arbitrary States under Fock-Darwin Hamiltonian and a Time-Dependent Electric Field

The method of path integral is employed to calculate the time evolution of the eigenstates of a charged particle under the Fock-Darwin(FD) Hamiltonian subjected to a time-dependent electric field in the plane of the system.An exact analytical expression is established for the evolution of the eigenstates.This result then provides a general solution to the time-dependent Schro¨dinger equation.

The Igbo Art and Cultural Heritage： Changing Time, Changing Form

The Igbo artists of all generations, from the pre-colonial to the post-colonial period, and from her traditional to contemporary art practices, have demonstrated the ability to express the material, as well as spiritual world of the lgbo cultural society. The fear of the unknown, uncertainties of the forest, river, mountain, seas, oceans, lightening, thunder, and the changing weather, brings her artists in constant contact with their spirituality. Over time, these artists have demonstrated their inherent ability to perceive, through their various art practices, the unseen, speak the unspoken, revere and share in the silent salient world of their ancestors, as well as preserve it for posterity. This paper presents an insight into the Igbo cultural society with reference to her indigenous and contemporary art practices. It identifies the trajectories of her art and cultural developments toward contemporary and global acceptance, and in addition attempts to identify her visual creative frontiers.

Aggressive Behaviour During Breaks as a Manifestation of Different Types of Culture at School

The aim of this article is to analyse aggressive behaviour of pupils during school breaks. The main emphasis has been put on the importance of teachers＇ expectations concerning behaviour violating norms. The role of these expectations as predictors of pro-social and anti-social behaviour has been analysed. The research is based on the assumption that every culture develops specific benchmarks in reference to which people judge various social phenomena. Creation of an individual conception of oneself and making a plan for one＇s life is based, to some extent, on social values which constitute the crucial element of every culture. The hypothesis to be verified in this study was the presence of a significant link between the occurrence of anti-social and pro-social behaviour and the adopted axiological assumptions concerning students and their behaviour. The subjects of the study were students and teachers from 18 schools representing three types of culture and three educational levels （primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary）. The total number of 1,212 students were observed （Goldsmith＇s Observational Questionnaire）, and 36 teachers were interviewed. The results indicate a link between the adopted school culture and teachers＇ functioning, and open perspectives of further research on the connection between the values in school curricula and the occurrence of behaviour violating social norms and bounds.

Long Work Hours and Work-Life Balance in Korea and Japan

This study examines long work hours and work-life balance in relation to wage level, workaholism, and consumerism in both Korea and Japan. Findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the hypothesis that the wages and working hours have positive but differential effects depending on wage level categories are supported. Second, effects of cultural factors, such as workaholism and consumerism, on long work hours, however, are not significant in both countries. Third, for Korean manual workers, the probability of working long hours is high, but the level of time scarcity is low; but the effect of union membership on long work hours is not significant in both Korea and Japan. Fourth, the hypothesis that negative effects of long work hours and time scarcity on satisfaction with work-life balance are supported. These findings suggest that an increase in wage for non-regular workers and a minimum wage are required to reduce working hours. In addition, they also suggest that reducing working hours, overtime work in particular, and wage gap are crucial to raising the level of satisfaction with work-life balance in both Korea and Japan.

Radio spectral index of BL Lac objects

In this paper, the preliminary data from University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory database （UMRAO） are used to discuss the radio spectral index properties of 8 BL Lacs. To do so, we calculated the radio spectral index, a （F oc va）, which was obtained by fitting the averaged flux densities in the bands （4.8 GHZ, 8 GHz, and 14.5 GHz） by binning the original for 7 d. We also calculated the time delay between the averaged lightcurves and the spectral variance. Our calculations and analysis give the following results. 1） The averaged logarithmic flux density at 8 GHz （logF） and the corresponding spectral index （or） have strong correlation for all the BL Lacs; 2） the lightcurves and the spectral variability have the similar profile for all the BL Lacs; 3） the lightcurves delay spectral variability for all sources but PKS 0735＋178, with the delay time ranging from 31 d to 125 d.

＂Thematic archetypes＂ and new era fiction

Against the backdrop of Chinese culture, this paper offers a localized explanation of the Western concept of ＂archetypal criticism.＂ It proposes that four ＂thematic archetypes＂ can be observed in the relations between folklore, legends and the novel in the new era （since reform and opening up） in China. The first is the coexistence of man and nature; the second, enduring suffering and realizing one＇s poterltial; the third, discontent with reality expressed in writing about imaginary worlds; and the last, criticism of the materialistic personality which places material gain above justice and lusts after gain. The presentation, dynamics of change, practical and cultural meanings and aesthetic values of these ＂thematic archetypes＂ in the novels of the new era reveal writers＇ reflections on ＂modernity＂ and the awakening of aesthetic consciousness in relation to their own land. This paper also argues that the world outlook that pursues harmony between man and nature, the view of life that prefers justice to material gain, and the values that affirm morality, life and human dignity contained in traditional Chinese folk culture and literature may supply us with important spiritual resources for responding to contemporary life, rebuilding the poetry of life and raising the quality of culture.