暖阳

于理1972年生于广州，1992年毕业于广州美术学院附中。1996年毕业于广州美术学院中国画系．获学士学位。1999年毕业于广州美术学院中国画系硕士研究生班．获硕士学位。现为广州美术学院中国画系教师，中国美术家协会会员。《帅妞》入选“庆祝中华人民共和国成立55周年广东省国画展”风动，获广东省第四届中国画展银奖。《暖阳》获“全国第六届工笔画大展”铜奖。《白露未晞》获“广州市美术大展”铜奖。《清平乐》入选“广东美术大展”。《暖阳》载入《全国第六届工笔画大展作品集》。

暖阳

北京市卫生局、北京市疾病预防控制中心推出首部预防艾滋病公益微电影——《暖阳》，谨以此片献给第26个世界艾滋病日。《暖阳》根据发生在北京地坛医院的真实故事改编，讲述了一个因延误治疗导致失聪失明的艾滋病感染者，在医护人员的关爱下，重燃生命希望的故事。

暖阳

雪肆无忌惮地下着，亮晶晶地映照着天边灰蒙蒙的红团。寒风撩起我的发，也掀起了那张布满红×的试卷，我的心情糟透了。

Performance investigation of solar thermal collector with auxiliary heater for space heating

In this paper,the performance of a solar thermal system with a focus on space heating was investigated.A 70 m^(2) detached house was considered in the weather conditions of the city of Tehran,Iran.A thermosyphon solar water heater with a flat plate collector combined with an auxiliary electrical heater supplies the heating demand of the house.The proposed system was modeled and analyzed using TRNSYS software.In this regard,the TRNBuild module was employed for the building load calculation.The model has been simulated for one year of operation.The effects of the solar collector’s surface area and storage volume were assessed.The results show that for a solar collector with a 15 m^(2) surface area,the solar fraction is 0.29 in January,during which the solar radiation is the lowest.Using solar collectors of10 m^(2) and 5 m^(2) surface areas,the solar fraction falls to 0.23 and 0.14,respectively in January.Besides,two cases of 150 L and 300 L storage tanks are taken into account.Eventually,it is found that using a 15 m^(2) solar collector and a 150 L storage tank can appropriately provide the building’ s heating demand taking the thermal performance and economic aspects into consideration.

Energy efficiency performance of multi-energy district heating and hot water supply system

A district heating and hot water supply system is presented which synthetically utilizes geothermal energy,solar thermal energy and natural gas thermal energy.The multi-energy utilization system has been set at the new campus of Tianjin Polytechnic University(TPU),A couple of deep geothermal wells which are 2 300 m in depth were dug,Deep geothermal energy cascade utilization is achieved by two stages of plate heat exchangers(PHE) and two stages of water source heat pumps(WSHP).Shallow geothermal energy is used in assistant heating by two ground coupled heat pumps(GCHPs) with 580 vertical ground wells which are 120 m in depth.Solar thermal energy collected by vacuum tube arrays(VTAs) and geothermal energy are complementarily utilized to make domestic hot water.Superfluous solar energy can be stored in shallow soil for the GCHP utilization.The system can use fossil fuel thermal energy by two natural gas boilers(NGB) to assist in heating and making hot water.The heating energy efficiency was measured in the winter of 2010-2011.The coefficients of performance(COP) under different heating conditions are discussed.The performance of hot water production is tested in a local typical winter day and the solar thermal energy utilization factor is presented.The rusults show that the average system COP is 5.75 or 4.96 under different working conditions,and the typical solar energy utilization factor is 0.324.

Debates on the Causes of Global Warming

The controversy between the IPCC and Non-governmental IPCC(NIPCC) on the attribution of global warming are reviewed.IPCC holds that today's global warming is mainly due to anthropogenic activities rather than natural variability,which is emphasized by NIPCC.The surface temperature observations since the mid-20th century support the hypothesis of anthropogenic impact,but for the last one hundred years or so,natural forcings such as solar activity, volcanic eruptions and thermohaline circulation variations also have had great influences on the Earth's climate,especially on inter-decadal timescales.In addition,evidence suggests that the Medieval Warm Period(MWP) and Little Ice Age (LIA) are closely associated with the solar activity over the past 1 thousand years.Over the past 10 thousand years, the North Atlantic cold events and solar activity are closely correlated.Nevertheless,the physical mechanisms of the solar-climate variability and interrelation are not well understood,yet.Notably,a prevailing view recently indicates that galactic cosmic rays may result in climatic cooling through modulating global low cloud cover.However,its process and mechanism need to be further investigated.

Current situation and development of solar heating technology in China

It is introduced the current situation and development for solar heating technology including passive solar heating and solar heating combisystems in China in this paper. Combined with the engineering application projects, the author gave the technical and economic analysis of the passive solar and solar heating combisystems in China and summarized the developing obstacle and the spreading tactics for raising marketing of the solar heating in China.

Country-level meteorological parameters for building energy efficiency in China

Accurate basic data are necessary to support performance-based design for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutral targets in the building sector.Meteorological parameters are the prerequisites of building thermal engineering design,heating ventilation and air conditioning design,and energy consumption simulations.Focusing on the key issues such as low spatial coverage and the lack of daily or higher time resolution data,daily and hourly models of the surface meteorological data and solar radiation were established and evaluated.Surface meteorological data and solar radiation data were generated for 1019 cities and towns in China from 1988 to 2017.The data were carefully compared,and the accuracy was proved to be high.All the meteorological parameters can be assessed in the building sector via a sharing platform.Then,country-level meteorological parameters were developed for energy-efficient building assessment in China,based on actual meteorological data in the present study.This set of meteorological parameters may facilitate engineering applications as well as allowing the updating and expansion of relevant building energy efficiency standards.The study was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period,named Fundamental parameters on building energy efficiency in China,comprising of 15 top-ranking universities and institutions in China.

Effects of Latitude and Design Variables on Performance and Cost of a Solar Heating System with Seasonal Storage

A thermo-economic model for the simulation and optimization of a CSHPSS （central solar heating plant with seasonal storage） is presented. The model, written in Matlab, allows to analyze the effects of different design and operating variables on plant performance and cost. Daily and seasonal variations of solar irradiation at different latitudes are considered, and an original approximate model for thermal stratification is included. Since a limited computational time is required, the simulation model can be effectively integrated with a non-linear constrained optimization procedure so as to determine the optimal choice of design variables for different locations and operating conditions. The comparison between a two-variable and four-variable optimization for five different locations at various latitudes has been presented, showing a significant decrease in pay-back time with latitude. Finally a sensitivity analysis on the most important design and operating variables has been performed and presented. It emerges that the optimal insulator thickness always decreases with latitude. The optimal tilt angle is slightly lower than latitude only when the plant is designed to cover the whole thermal load, while higher tilt values are selected in case of partial load covering.

Effects of Climate Warming on Phenological Characteristics of Urban Forest in Shenyang City,China

Change in plant phenology is one of the most sensitive ecological responses to climate warming. Little information is known about the effects of climate warming on phenology of urban tree species in the northern forest of China. In this study, we investigated the phenological characteristics of the main tree species in the urban forest of Shengyang City in China and the correlation between phenology and atmospheric temperature from the discontinuous data during past 42 years over three time periods(from 1962 to 1965, 1977 to 1978, and 2000 to 2005). The results showed that the annual average temperature in Shenyang City showed an increasing trend and increased by 0.96℃ from 1962 to 2005 due to climate warming. The germination phenology of the urban trees was negatively correlated with the temperature in winter and early spring. The leafing phenology was mainly influenced by the temperature in spring before leafing. Influenced by climate warming, the germination, leafing, and flowering phenologies of this urban forest in 2005 were 14, 13, and 10 days earlier than those in 1962, respectively. We inferred that further warming in winter might prolong the growing season of urban trees in the northern forest of China.

Technical and Economic Aspects of Solar Space Heating in Palestine

A computer analysis of solar heating has been performed for Palestine. Results are presented for a prototype building using either fuel oil or gas under different heating loads in three climatic regions （Jordan valley, coastal, and hilly）. Cumulative cost flows are compared for the life-cycle present value technique. Optimum design magnitudes are determined for maximum life-cycle savings. The payback period for capital invested in a solar system, and total savings are found for the optimum conditions. Variations of system performance are estimated. The effects of collector slope, proportionate storage tank volume, heat-exchanger parameters, and the design load on system performance are studied. Finally the economics of solar heating in Palestine are discussed and recommendations are made for increased utilization of solar energy.

Feasibility of Hybrid Wind and Solar Energy System for Heating Residential Buildings in Amman-Jordan

A design of a solar-wind electrical hybrid system to supply space heating requirements for a 1,200 m^2 residential building in Amman-Jordan was implemented. The building heating requirements were estimated from existing heating building data based on traditional heating design already adopted by engineering firms in Jordan. The traditional heating load was transferred into electrical load to be supplied by hybrid system. The hybrid system consists of a 75 kW vertical axis windmill and 140 solar modules. Because of the high cost of land in residential buildings, the hybrid system is to be installed on the building roof. The hybrid system and the conventional systems＇ cost were found to be compatible in four years period when oil prices reach $100 per barrel. As the international price of oil rises above $100 per barrel, the proposed hybrid system becomes more economical than the already existing hot water heating system.

Analysis of Solar House Efficiency in Cold Climatic Conditions like Armenia

During last decades the solar passive heating of buildings found rather wide application. It has been used effectively in an estimated 17,000 commercial buildings in the United States-ranging from offices to schools, and airport terminals. At present there exist two main types of solar houses, ＂house collector＂ and ＂wall collector＂. A part of researchers find that the use of＂house collector＂ is more simple and efficient. The other part is sure that ＂wall collector＂ is more convenient to use and it has higher efficiency. But our analysis show that in existing literature there is not any method for evaluating efficiency of solar houses. Moreover, there is not in. use a concept on solar houses efficiency. To us each type of solar houses has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this paper solar passive ＂House-Collector＂ heating modes of houses and their efficiency are discussed. For calculation of designing parameters of solar houses a simplified method is presented, taking into consideration both the heat gains and heat losses.

Possible obliquity-forced warmth in southern Asia during the last glacial stage

Orbital-scale global climatic changes during the late Quaternary are dominated by high-latitude influenced~100,000-year global ice-age cycles and monsoon influenced~23,000-year low-latitude hydroclimate variations.However,the shortage of highly-resolved land temperature records remains a limiting factor for achieving a comprehensive understanding of long-term low-latitude terrestrial climatic changes.Here,we report paired mean annual air temperature(MAAT)and monsoon intensity proxy records over the past 88,000 years from Lake Tengchongqinghai in southwestern China.While summer monsoon intensity follows the~23,000-year precession beat found also in previous studies,we identify previously unrecognized warm periods at 88,000-71,000 and 45,000-22,000 years ago,with 2-3℃amplitudes that are close to our recorded full glacial-interglacial range.Using advanced transient climate simulations and comparing with forcing factors,we find that these warm periods in our MAAT record probably depends on local annual mean insolation,which is controlled by Earth’s~41,000-year obliquity cycles and is anti-phased to annual mean insolation at high latitudes.The coincidence of our identified warm periods and intervals of high-frequent dated archaeological evidence highlights the importance of temperature on anatomically modern humans in Asia during the last glacial stage.