关注语境并寻觅策略——读王一川教授的《杂语沟通》

王一川教授的学术随笔《杂语沟通———世纪转折期中国文艺潮》显现了他近年来的学术思路 ,即密切关注世纪转折期中的中国文艺美学问题 ,具有前瞻性与延伸性。从中不难发现其学术旨趣 ,即关注语境并寻觅策略。“杂语”是作者对当下文化语境的一种描述 ;“沟通”即“在杂语喧哗中寻求沟通” ,以此寻觅到一条相对合理的应对问题的策略 ,并允许“第三者”的再阐释。

两晋三部小说成书年代考

对王浮的《神异记》、郭颁的《魏晋世语》、孙盛的《杂语》这三部两晋时期的小说的成书年代进行考证 ,结论 :《神异记》至迟在西晋永兴二年 (公元 30 5年 )已成 ,《魏晋世语》成于东晋初年 (约公元 317年 ) ,《杂语》成于东晋永和元年至宁康元年间 (公元 345— 373年 )。

Structures of semantic networks: how do we learn semantic knowledge

Global semantic structures of two large semantic networks, HowNet and WordNet, are analyzed. It is found that they are both complex networks with features of small-world and scale-free, but with special properties. Exponents of power law degree distribution of these two networks are between 1.0 and 2. 0, different from most scale-free networks which have exponents near 3.0. Coefficients of degree correlation are lower than 0, similar to biological networks. The BA （Barabasi-Albert） model and other similar models cannot explain their dynamics. Relations between clustering coefficient and node degree obey scaling law, which suggests that there exist self-similar hierarchical structures in networks. The results suggest that structures of semantic networks are influenced by the ways we learn semantic knowledge such as aggregation and metaphor.

Genre Effect on L2 Syntactic Complexity and Holistic Rating for Writing Quality of Intermediate EFL Learners

This exploratory study examines whether genre has an impact on syntactic complexity and holistic rating in EFL writing. Over 300 sample texts produced by intermediate learners were collected from a test and some regular after-class assignments for English writing courses. Each participant completed two writing tasks, one argumentative and the other narrative. Results show that genre type has a significant impact on L2 syntactic complexity. Genre effect is found stronger with timed writing tasks. L2 holistic ratings show correlation with syntactic complexity on the different measure(s) depending on genre type and planning conditions. Regression analyses reveal that for timed writing tasks, clausal density(clauses per sentence) is a reliable predictor for holistic assessment on intermediate EFL learners’ writing quality. It is found to account for 6% of the score variance for timed writing and 10% for timed argumentative writing. Genre is evidenced to be related to EFL writing holistic ratings. Closer examination indicates that while syntactic complexity is predictive of holistic writing scores for argumentative writing, it does not correlate with holistic scores for narrative writing. Other linguistic features rather than syntactic complexity may be accountable. Overall, the study lends support to genre effect in the relationship between syntactic complexity and L2 writing quality holistic rating.

Extensive Reading and Writing Reader＇s Response Journal： The Very Way to Improve Students＇ English Proficiency

This paper figures out the problems the Chinese students often meet with when they try to obtain the English language ability. In order to assist my students crack down on such problems, I take up the approach of giving them opportunities to play the active roles in English reading activity and requiring them to write reading response journals and to have frequent discussions in the reading class. The approach aims at improving the students＇ ability and getting them to be trained and improved effectively in the language skills concerned. The approach has come out with remarkable achievements. My understanding is that the process of learning a foreign language is a process indeed of accumulation, including both the language and culture knowledge. The accumulation can be gained by means of reading a lot, thus improving the students＇ language competence, enlarging their cultural and language field of vision on the western world. We teachers play the function of bridge leading the students to succeed in mastering and applying English as a practical tool in their life and work to come. This paper introduces what I have been trying to assist my students in solving their problems through my teaching practice during the past years.

Localization and the Chinese Overseas： Acculturation, Assimilation, Hybridization, Creolization, and Identification

Based on materials on the localized Chinese overseas, including the Melaka Babas, who are mostly Malay-speaking Chinese, this article reflects on the use of such terms as acculturation and assimilation, as well as hybridization and creolization, in relation to highly localized Chinese. All these concepts are seen as different ways of describing cultural formation in transcultural context. In particular, the relevance of using creolization to refer to the kind of creative process of cultural formation beyond its original usage in the Caribbean is discussed. This results in the identification of fragmented creolization as in the case of the Caribbean and a rooted creolization as in the case of the Babas. The author shall first discuss the issues of assimilation and integration, followed by hybridization and creolization. This is followed by the discussion on localization of Chinese overseas and identity. The concluding section provides some remarks on the concepts reviewed, and three main categories of acculturated Chinese are identified, namely, Chinese who are linguistically assimilated but still observe major Chinese traditions, Chinese who are so acculturated to the mainstream society that they hardly practice Chinese traditions, and Chinese who are both highly localized and highly mixed “racially”.

Development of tool-path generation module for 5-axis control machining of impellers

An impeller is difficult to machine because of severe collision due to the complex shape,overlapping and twisted shape of the impeller blades.So,most computer aided manufacturing(CAM)software companies have developed CAM module for manufacturing impeller according to their CAM software.But these dedicated modules are difficult to use for inexperienced users.The purpose of this work is to develop a tool-path generation module for impellers.For this purpose,it is based on Visual Basic language and used CATIA graphical environment.The result of simulation for generated tool-path by the module is satisfactory.And it has slow processing speed compared to other commercial modules,but it is easy to use.

On Normalization of Comprehensive Evaluation System with Complex Uncertain Information

This paper systematically proposes basic requirements on normalization of comprehensive evaluation system with complex uncertain information due to human participation. Four basic academic ideas are as follows: 1) It is necessary to normalize conditions of information acquisition. 2) The effectiveness of comprehensive evaluation depends on the correctness of information acquisition. 3) Any evaluation results can be transformed into linguistic satisfactory degrees. 4) Linguistic values can include a great deal of information. This paper mainly deals with how to select objects to be evaluated, evaluators (panelists) and the methods of information processing, how to construct criteria of evaluation, how to normalize terms of evaluation, the results of evaluation, and the procedure of evaluation.

Specifying and Configuring Routing Policies of Relative AS in RPSL

Routing policies specification language (RPSL) allows a network operator to specify routing policies at various levels in the Internet hierarchy, for example at the autonomous system (AS) level. At the same time, policies can be specified with sufficient detail in RPSL so that the low level router configurations can be generated from them. This paper is a discussion on using the RPSL to describe routing policies of relative AS in the Internet routing registry (IRR). We first analyze the relationships between a pair of ASes, and then explain how to specify various relative AS routing policies in RPSL. At last, we show an example of configuring routing policies using RtConfig that is a tool developed by the Routing Arbiter Project (RAP).

Task Complexity and Second Language Teaching

In the past few years, the notion of task complexity has been receiving substantial attention in the field of second language acquisition. This paper explores task complexity from the cognitive perspective by analyzing two studies with Skehan＇s limited capacity hypothesis and Robinson＇s cognition hypothesis. The two studies, namely You-Jin Kim＇s （2012） and Mirdamadi and Jong （2015）, explore on how linguistic complexity affects language performance. Two hypotheses, Skehan＇s limited capacity hypothesis and Robinson＇s cognition hypothesis, explain the two studies from the cognitive perspective by predicting either that increasing task complexity reduces a pool of attentional capacity during task performance or that increasing complex tasks promotes greater accuracy and complexity of speech and writing. It is suggested that language teaching, syllabus designing in particular, should be based on the basis of task complexity.

Complex Sequence of the English Nominal Group

The nominal group is an important aspect of English and other languages and requires specific attention because of its complex structure and sequence. This study examines how sequencing affects users＇ understanding and interpretation of the English nominal group and attempts to prescribe guidelines to the different challenges which the complex ordering of the nominal group poses to users of English as a second language. The findings of the study indicate that the complex ordering of the nominal group has a significant impact on their semantic effects in any discourse, and many of the difficulties users of English as a second language are faced with have to do with lack of adequate understanding of the structure and usage of the nominal group. Some of these problems can be addressed through a comprehensive study and examination of linguists＇ explanation of the nominal group and practical application of their guidelines. A functional approach to the study of the group will help second language learners of English to have a better understanding of its structure

Necessary and Luxury Loanwords in British, American, and Georgian Online Newspapers and Magazines

The perception and use of loanwords in most literature, more specifically, online newspapers and magazines based on British, American, and Georgian media discourse, focus on the origin and the fundamental development of language content and the essentiality of luxury and necessary loanwords. Due to the fact that most magazines are created with an intention of convincing readers of various ideologies, most linguists would consider the use of loanwords to give a comprehensive presentation of ideas. Incorporating English loanwords is not only a requisite tool for integrating and addressing the cultural differences between various communities across the globe, but also acts as a bridge that fills the conceptual gaps that exist in various languages. This is no longer the job of a linguist, because there are many other ways through which the people of a particular country can adopt a loanword （e.g., social media）. Also, it enriches the recipient language and puts its citizens up to date with the latest developments and inventions.

Developing Nominalization Awareness in Teaching Writing to Chinese Learners of English

Nominalization is one of the grammatical features introduced by Halliday and his colleagues in SFL （Systemic Functional Linguistics） theory. It helps create a style of writing with density, complexity, and abstract. For English learners, it is crucial to develop nominalization awareness in their writing. This paper first examines the main features ofnominalization in English; it then contrasts the writing style differences before and after the students were taught the features of nominalization and discusses problems found in teaching of nominalization. It finally provides some pedagogical implications for teaching writing to Chinese learners of English.

The Cultural Diaspora Perspective on Translation Studies

Along with the process of globalization, diaspora has already become an eye-catching cultural phenomenon. More people cross borders of nations, leave their homeland and live in new homes, but they still maintain the characteristics of native culture and convention. The cultural turn in translation studies offers the best chance to understand more about the complexities of textual transfer and the patterns of cultural interaction. By virtue of this mode of cultural interaction, this paper has analyzed the translation practice and translation strategies from the cultural diaspora perspective, to deeply understand the relations between translation and culture beyond linguistic analysis. As in-between culture identity translators may re-examine two cultures with different eyes to find the intersection of two cultures and gain a balanced point. This move requires translators who play the role of intermediaries between cultures, to select the heterogeneous reconstruction, so as to achieve the intercultural communication in the translation activity

从杂体诗法到山谷诗法

传统用典是在不同对象、事件之间建立类比关系,引发联想义。杂体诗用典与之不同,是对同一对象、事件的"能指符号-所指意义"关系加以分离、重组,产生全新意义。宋人首次自觉认识到杂体诗用典"字则正用、意须假借"的语言学机制,在字辞、句子、篇章不同文本单位层面广泛运用并加以创新。黄庭坚是宋代杂体诗创作的代表。从创作实践与方法逻辑看,分离、重组典故文本的"能指(语)-所指(意)"关系也是山谷诗法"点铁成金"及相关换骨、夺胎手段的核心机制。换骨是在字辞、句子、篇章三种典故文本单位层面分离、重组"能指(语)-所指(意)"关系。夺胎是对换骨获得的新意义加以引申、否定,形成反转思辨。《沧浪诗话》"以文字为诗"指换骨对典故文本的处理,"以议论为诗"指夺胎对换骨结果的反转思辨,"以才学为诗"统称换骨、夺胎共同具备的典故知识储备前提。从积极方面看,山谷诗法的"语言学转向"是宋人从杂体诗用典的语言学机制中发掘出的一条走出唐诗写作传统、通向现代性诗歌写作前景的新途径。

A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PROFICIENCY LEVELS IN PAIRED TAPE-MEDIATED ORAL TESTS

本文将受试者口语水平的影响作为研究重点,旨在研究成对角色扮演录音口语测试中不同口语水平的受试者对同一组受试者的表现是否产生影响。研究结果表明:低分组受试者,受到同伴水平高低的影响。低分组和高分组受试者进行口试时,低分组的测试分数和语言的语法正确性都有所提高。然而,在语法的复杂程度方面没有显著性差异。高分组受试者和高分组或低分组同伴进行口试时,测试分数、语言语法正确性及复杂程度均没有显著性变化。

THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THREE ELEMENTARY CELLULAR AUTOMATA

Limit language complexity of cellular automata which is first posed by S. Wolfram has become a new branch of cellular automata. In this paper, we obtain two interesting relationships between elementary cellular automata of rules 126, 146（182） and 18, and prove that if the limit language of rule. 18 is not regular, nor are the limit languages of rules 126 and 146（182）.