The conventional long-offset nonhyperbolic moveout equation is derived for the transverse isotropic media with a vertical symmetric axis（VTI）.It cannot be extended to the transverse isotropic media with an arbitrary...The conventional long-offset nonhyperbolic moveout equation is derived for the transverse isotropic media with a vertical symmetric axis（VTI）.It cannot be extended to the transverse isotropic media with an arbitrary spatial orientation of symmetry axis（ATI）.In this paper,we optimize a modified long-offset nonhyperbolic moveout equation for ATI media based on the conventional nonhyperbolic moveout equation and the exact analytical solution of the quartic moveout coefficient（A_4） and NMO velocity for ATI media that were derived in our previous work.Compared with the exact traveltimes of the ray-tracing algorithm for anisotropic media,this optimized equation can be used to calculate the traveltime varying with survey line azimuth in arbitrary strong or weak ATI media.It can replace the time-consuming, multi-offset,and multi-azimuth ray tracing method for forward modeling of long-offset reflection traveltimes in ATI media,which is useful to further anisotropic parameter inversion using long-offset nonhyperbolic moveout.展开更多
School principals＇ leadership styles play a major role in teachers＇ performance. This paper examines the relationship between school principals＇ leadership styles, whether transformational or transactional, and tea...School principals＇ leadership styles play a major role in teachers＇ performance. This paper examines the relationship between school principals＇ leadership styles, whether transformational or transactional, and teachers＇ achievement motivation. Using the quantitative methodology, a total of 320 heads of instructional departments were randomly selected from randomly selected schools. The results revealed that a transformational leadership style was prevalent among principals, and teachers＇ achievement motivation was positive. There was a positive correlation between the principals＇ transformational leadership style and the teachers＇ achievement motivation. Relevant recommendations are included.展开更多
The nomaal moveout correction is important to long-offset observations, especially deep layers. For isotropic media, the conventional two-term approximation of the normal moveout function assumes a small offset-to-dep...The nomaal moveout correction is important to long-offset observations, especially deep layers. For isotropic media, the conventional two-term approximation of the normal moveout function assumes a small offset-to-depth ratio and thus fails at large offset-to-depth ratios. We approximate the long-offset moveout using the Pade approximation. This method is superior to typical methods and flattens the seismic gathers over a wide range of offsets in multilayered media. For a four-layer model, traditional methods show traveltime errors of about 5 ms for offset-to-depth ratio of 2 and greater than 10 ms for offset-to-depth ratio of 3; in contrast, the maximum traveltime error for the [3, 3]-order Pade approximation is no more than 5 ms at offset-to-depth ratio of 3. For the Cooper Basin model, the maximum oft＇set-to-depth ratio for the [3, 3]-order Pade approximation is typically double of those in typical methods. The [7, 7]-order Pade approximation performs better than the [3.3]-order Pade armroximation.展开更多
In the recent decades, the academic literature engages more and more with reforms in the education system. These reforms that are worldwide seek to create change in education （Adler, 2010）. If it＇s regarding the po...In the recent decades, the academic literature engages more and more with reforms in the education system. These reforms that are worldwide seek to create change in education （Adler, 2010）. If it＇s regarding the position of the school principal as designer leader has significant role in the reforms management, but, moreover the role of this article is to the change of the role of the school principal over the years. The functions of the school principal integrate managerial aspects and leadership aspects and its importance is immenseness of the operation of the school organization, both in the terms of the organization customers, the pupils, and in the terms of the organization＇s staff--teachers. Not less important is the operation and implementation of educational reforms. We have to see the role of the school principal as the most significant to the implementing of the reform in the education system.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40874028)the Special Fund (Grant No.2008ZX05008-006-004).
文摘The conventional long-offset nonhyperbolic moveout equation is derived for the transverse isotropic media with a vertical symmetric axis（VTI）.It cannot be extended to the transverse isotropic media with an arbitrary spatial orientation of symmetry axis（ATI）.In this paper,we optimize a modified long-offset nonhyperbolic moveout equation for ATI media based on the conventional nonhyperbolic moveout equation and the exact analytical solution of the quartic moveout coefficient（A_4） and NMO velocity for ATI media that were derived in our previous work.Compared with the exact traveltimes of the ray-tracing algorithm for anisotropic media,this optimized equation can be used to calculate the traveltime varying with survey line azimuth in arbitrary strong or weak ATI media.It can replace the time-consuming, multi-offset,and multi-azimuth ray tracing method for forward modeling of long-offset reflection traveltimes in ATI media,which is useful to further anisotropic parameter inversion using long-offset nonhyperbolic moveout.
文摘School principals＇ leadership styles play a major role in teachers＇ performance. This paper examines the relationship between school principals＇ leadership styles, whether transformational or transactional, and teachers＇ achievement motivation. Using the quantitative methodology, a total of 320 heads of instructional departments were randomly selected from randomly selected schools. The results revealed that a transformational leadership style was prevalent among principals, and teachers＇ achievement motivation was positive. There was a positive correlation between the principals＇ transformational leadership style and the teachers＇ achievement motivation. Relevant recommendations are included.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41130418 and 41374061)the National Major Project of China(No.2011ZX05008-006)and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2012054)
文摘The nomaal moveout correction is important to long-offset observations, especially deep layers. For isotropic media, the conventional two-term approximation of the normal moveout function assumes a small offset-to-depth ratio and thus fails at large offset-to-depth ratios. We approximate the long-offset moveout using the Pade approximation. This method is superior to typical methods and flattens the seismic gathers over a wide range of offsets in multilayered media. For a four-layer model, traditional methods show traveltime errors of about 5 ms for offset-to-depth ratio of 2 and greater than 10 ms for offset-to-depth ratio of 3; in contrast, the maximum traveltime error for the [3, 3]-order Pade approximation is no more than 5 ms at offset-to-depth ratio of 3. For the Cooper Basin model, the maximum oft＇set-to-depth ratio for the [3, 3]-order Pade approximation is typically double of those in typical methods. The [7, 7]-order Pade approximation performs better than the [3.3]-order Pade armroximation.
文摘In the recent decades, the academic literature engages more and more with reforms in the education system. These reforms that are worldwide seek to create change in education （Adler, 2010）. If it＇s regarding the position of the school principal as designer leader has significant role in the reforms management, but, moreover the role of this article is to the change of the role of the school principal over the years. The functions of the school principal integrate managerial aspects and leadership aspects and its importance is immenseness of the operation of the school organization, both in the terms of the organization customers, the pupils, and in the terms of the organization＇s staff--teachers. Not less important is the operation and implementation of educational reforms. We have to see the role of the school principal as the most significant to the implementing of the reform in the education system.
