The development of new taxonomical theories and approaches, particularly molecular phylogenetics, has led to the expansion of traditional morphology-based taxonomy into the concept of "integrative taxonomy."...The development of new taxonomical theories and approaches, particularly molecular phylogenetics, has led to the expansion of traditional morphology-based taxonomy into the concept of "integrative taxonomy." Taxonomic knowledge has assumed greater significance in recent years, particularly because of growing concerns over the looming biodiversity crisis. Since its establishment in 1938, the Kunming Institute of Botany(KIB), which is located in Yunnan province in Southwest China, has focused attention on the taxonomy and conservation of the flora of China. For the forthcoming 80 th anniversary of KIB, we review the achievements of researchers at KIB and their associates with respect to the taxonomy of land plants, fungi, and lichen. Major taxonomic advances are summarized for families of Calymperaceae,Cryphaeaceae, Lembophyllaceae, Neckeraceae, Polytrichaceae and Pottiaceae of mosses, Pteridaceae and Polypodiaceae of ferns, Taxaceae and Cycadaceae of gymnosperms, Asteraceae, Begoniaceae, Ericaceae,Euphorbiaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lamiaceae, Orchidaceae, Orobanchaceae, Poaceae, Theaceae and Urticaceae of angiosperms, Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Boletaceae, Cantharellaceae, Physalacriaceae Russulaceae, Suillaceae and Tuberaceae of fungi, and Ophioparmaceae and Parmeliaceae of lichens. Regarding the future development of taxonomy at KIB, we recommend that taxonomists continue to explore the biodiversity of China, integrate new theories and technologies with traditional taxonomic approaches,and engage in creative monographic work, with support from institutions, funding agencies, and the public.展开更多
This paper reports two new species, one new variety and fourteen taxa new to China in three genera of the phytoplankton desmids from Donghu Lake, Wuhan, China.
Journal of Systematics and Evolution (JSE) has just debuted with its first issue. While it continues the tradition of its predecessor, Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (APS), in publishing
Twenty-four compounds including eight steroids （1-8）, nine triterpenoids （9-16, 24）, three flavonoids （20-22）, and four benzenecarboxylic derivatives （17-19, 23） were isolated and identified from stems and twi...Twenty-four compounds including eight steroids （1-8）, nine triterpenoids （9-16, 24）, three flavonoids （20-22）, and four benzenecarboxylic derivatives （17-19, 23） were isolated and identified from stems and twigs of medicinal mangrove plant Sonneratia caseolaris. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. Among these rnetabolites, compounds 1, 4-20 and 22-24 were isolated and identified for the first time from S. caseolaris. In the in vitro cytotoxic assay against SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cells, compound 21 （3＇,4＇,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone） exhibited significant activity with IC50 2.8 μg/mL, while oleanolic acid （14）, 3,3＇-di-O-methyl ether ellagic acid （18）, and 3,3＇,4-O-tri-O-methyl ether ellagic acid （19） showed weak activity. None of these compounds displayed significant antibacterial activites.展开更多
Genista numidica Spach ssp numidica （Spach） Batt. is a northeast Algerian endemic plant; the aim of this work is about the phytochemical screening, the microscopic analysis and the antimicrobial activity of the aeri...Genista numidica Spach ssp numidica （Spach） Batt. is a northeast Algerian endemic plant; the aim of this work is about the phytochemical screening, the microscopic analysis and the antimicrobial activity of the aerial parts of this species （stems, flowers, seeds and pods）; there is a wealth in polyphenolic compounds： flavonoids （method of Charaux, Paris, 1964） and saponins （method of Braune et al, 1969）, tannins, terpenes, sterols and fatty acids. The microscopic analysis doesn＇t allow a differential identification of the species. The results of aromatogram by the incorporation method of Muller-Hinton on solid medium, showed a significant antimicrobial activity （method Duraffourd,1987） of the extracts, infusion, and the active substances towards bacterial strains, essentially those recognized as antibiotic resistant （Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Citrobacter）; the results obtained indicate that the most efficient antibacterial activity was obtained with the pod infusion, the seed extract and the flavonoids. The raw extract has an important antifungal activity on Candida albicans. This could open opportunities for using this species in the treatment of urinary, respiratory, intestinals and cutaneous infections, and as a disinfecting additive on nosocomial area.展开更多
Many herbal medicines have so far been utilized for the treatment of various ailments since the beginning of Chinese civilization. Aconitum is a botanical source for various pharmaceutically active components, which h...Many herbal medicines have so far been utilized for the treatment of various ailments since the beginning of Chinese civilization. Aconitum is a botanical source for various pharmaceutically active components, which has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Increasing interest in Aconitum pharmaceutical resources has led to further discoveries of diterpenoid alkaloids, polysaccharides, fiavonoids and many other compounds in various Aconitum species, and to investigations on their chemotaxonomy, molecular phylogeny and pharmacology. In continuation with our studies on Aconitum pharmacophylogeny, here we review the phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, molecular biology and phylogeny of Aconitum and their relevance to therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. An exhaustive literature survey is used to summarize the global scientific effort in the phytochemical and biological studies of Aconitum. More diterpenoid alkaloids have been found in various Aconitum species, among which the aconitine type （type III） is predominant. The versatile bioactivities of alkaloids and extracts, as well as the bioactivities of polysaccharides and other ingredients, are summarized and discussed in this review. The morphology-based 11-series classification of section Aconitum, subgenus Aconitum, is not supported by chemotaxonomy and molecular phylogeny. Molecular phylogeny based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences divided the nine morphologically similar series into two clusters, which is bolstered by the chemotaxonomic data. It is essential to integrate the emerging technologies into Aconitum studies for both the sustainable utilization of Aconitum pharmaceutical resources and finding novel compounds with potential clinical utility and less toxicity. Systems biology and omics technologies will play an increasingly important role in booming pharmaceutical research involving bioactive compounds of Aconitum.展开更多
Lichens are unique individuals which have been widely used in traditional medicines. This study was focused on the bioassayguided phytochemical investigation, and bioactivity evaluation on a lichens species, Parmotrem...Lichens are unique individuals which have been widely used in traditional medicines. This study was focused on the bioassayguided phytochemical investigation, and bioactivity evaluation on a lichens species, Parmotrema cooperi. This first bioassaydirected chemical study on P. cooperi has led to the isolation of ethyl heamatomate （1）, atraric acid （2）, ethyl orsellinate （3）, orsellinic acid （4）, lecanoric acid （5）, gyrophoric acid （6）, and licanorin （7）. The structures of 1-7 were mainly elucidated from spectroscopic methods including 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. These compounds were evaluated for their antiglycation, urease, a-chymotrypsin, and β-glucoronidase inhibitory activities. Few of the phenolic compounds showed significant, while most of them showed good inhibition of protein glycation, and urease activities.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31700182)
文摘The development of new taxonomical theories and approaches, particularly molecular phylogenetics, has led to the expansion of traditional morphology-based taxonomy into the concept of "integrative taxonomy." Taxonomic knowledge has assumed greater significance in recent years, particularly because of growing concerns over the looming biodiversity crisis. Since its establishment in 1938, the Kunming Institute of Botany(KIB), which is located in Yunnan province in Southwest China, has focused attention on the taxonomy and conservation of the flora of China. For the forthcoming 80 th anniversary of KIB, we review the achievements of researchers at KIB and their associates with respect to the taxonomy of land plants, fungi, and lichen. Major taxonomic advances are summarized for families of Calymperaceae,Cryphaeaceae, Lembophyllaceae, Neckeraceae, Polytrichaceae and Pottiaceae of mosses, Pteridaceae and Polypodiaceae of ferns, Taxaceae and Cycadaceae of gymnosperms, Asteraceae, Begoniaceae, Ericaceae,Euphorbiaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lamiaceae, Orchidaceae, Orobanchaceae, Poaceae, Theaceae and Urticaceae of angiosperms, Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Boletaceae, Cantharellaceae, Physalacriaceae Russulaceae, Suillaceae and Tuberaceae of fungi, and Ophioparmaceae and Parmeliaceae of lichens. Regarding the future development of taxonomy at KIB, we recommend that taxonomists continue to explore the biodiversity of China, integrate new theories and technologies with traditional taxonomic approaches,and engage in creative monographic work, with support from institutions, funding agencies, and the public.
文摘This paper reports two new species, one new variety and fourteen taxa new to China in three genera of the phytoplankton desmids from Donghu Lake, Wuhan, China.
文摘Journal of Systematics and Evolution (JSE) has just debuted with its first issue. While it continues the tradition of its predecessor, Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (APS), in publishing
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30770234)Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-211-04)Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province (No.2006GG2205023)
文摘Twenty-four compounds including eight steroids （1-8）, nine triterpenoids （9-16, 24）, three flavonoids （20-22）, and four benzenecarboxylic derivatives （17-19, 23） were isolated and identified from stems and twigs of medicinal mangrove plant Sonneratia caseolaris. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. Among these rnetabolites, compounds 1, 4-20 and 22-24 were isolated and identified for the first time from S. caseolaris. In the in vitro cytotoxic assay against SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cells, compound 21 （3＇,4＇,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone） exhibited significant activity with IC50 2.8 μg/mL, while oleanolic acid （14）, 3,3＇-di-O-methyl ether ellagic acid （18）, and 3,3＇,4-O-tri-O-methyl ether ellagic acid （19） showed weak activity. None of these compounds displayed significant antibacterial activites.
文摘Genista numidica Spach ssp numidica （Spach） Batt. is a northeast Algerian endemic plant; the aim of this work is about the phytochemical screening, the microscopic analysis and the antimicrobial activity of the aerial parts of this species （stems, flowers, seeds and pods）; there is a wealth in polyphenolic compounds： flavonoids （method of Charaux, Paris, 1964） and saponins （method of Braune et al, 1969）, tannins, terpenes, sterols and fatty acids. The microscopic analysis doesn＇t allow a differential identification of the species. The results of aromatogram by the incorporation method of Muller-Hinton on solid medium, showed a significant antimicrobial activity （method Duraffourd,1987） of the extracts, infusion, and the active substances towards bacterial strains, essentially those recognized as antibiotic resistant （Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Citrobacter）; the results obtained indicate that the most efficient antibacterial activity was obtained with the pod infusion, the seed extract and the flavonoids. The raw extract has an important antifungal activity on Candida albicans. This could open opportunities for using this species in the treatment of urinary, respiratory, intestinals and cutaneous infections, and as a disinfecting additive on nosocomial area.
基金Dalian Jiaotong University and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Science and Technology National Support Program (Grant No. 2012BAI29B01)
文摘Many herbal medicines have so far been utilized for the treatment of various ailments since the beginning of Chinese civilization. Aconitum is a botanical source for various pharmaceutically active components, which has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Increasing interest in Aconitum pharmaceutical resources has led to further discoveries of diterpenoid alkaloids, polysaccharides, fiavonoids and many other compounds in various Aconitum species, and to investigations on their chemotaxonomy, molecular phylogeny and pharmacology. In continuation with our studies on Aconitum pharmacophylogeny, here we review the phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, molecular biology and phylogeny of Aconitum and their relevance to therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. An exhaustive literature survey is used to summarize the global scientific effort in the phytochemical and biological studies of Aconitum. More diterpenoid alkaloids have been found in various Aconitum species, among which the aconitine type （type III） is predominant. The versatile bioactivities of alkaloids and extracts, as well as the bioactivities of polysaccharides and other ingredients, are summarized and discussed in this review. The morphology-based 11-series classification of section Aconitum, subgenus Aconitum, is not supported by chemotaxonomy and molecular phylogeny. Molecular phylogeny based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences divided the nine morphologically similar series into two clusters, which is bolstered by the chemotaxonomic data. It is essential to integrate the emerging technologies into Aconitum studies for both the sustainable utilization of Aconitum pharmaceutical resources and finding novel compounds with potential clinical utility and less toxicity. Systems biology and omics technologies will play an increasingly important role in booming pharmaceutical research involving bioactive compounds of Aconitum.
基金the financial support of the Higher Education Commission,Pakistan,through the project entitled"High Resolution X-Ray Analysis of Pharmaceutically Important Enzymes in Complex with Plant-based Inhibitions as basis for Rational Drug Design (20-1364/ R&D/09)"
文摘Lichens are unique individuals which have been widely used in traditional medicines. This study was focused on the bioassayguided phytochemical investigation, and bioactivity evaluation on a lichens species, Parmotrema cooperi. This first bioassaydirected chemical study on P. cooperi has led to the isolation of ethyl heamatomate （1）, atraric acid （2）, ethyl orsellinate （3）, orsellinic acid （4）, lecanoric acid （5）, gyrophoric acid （6）, and licanorin （7）. The structures of 1-7 were mainly elucidated from spectroscopic methods including 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. These compounds were evaluated for their antiglycation, urease, a-chymotrypsin, and β-glucoronidase inhibitory activities. Few of the phenolic compounds showed significant, while most of them showed good inhibition of protein glycation, and urease activities.
