Plotinus＇ account of matter in Ennead III 6[26] 11-15 serves two purposes. The terms, evil and ugly, present the negative side of matter＇s causality, providing for the change characteristic of the sensible world and...Plotinus＇ account of matter in Ennead III 6[26] 11-15 serves two purposes. The terms, evil and ugly, present the negative side of matter＇s causality, providing for the change characteristic of the sensible world and the possibility of ontological evil and privation as well as of moral evil among human beings. The receptacle and other images from Plato＇s Timaeus present the positive side of this causality, matter as allowing for the presence of forms in the bodies of the sensible world. Plotinus explicitly articulates the linguistic problem surrounding the nature of matter, since language is derived from the corporeal and thus needs constant correction when applied to matter as incorporeal. His use of language, thus, always has two phases, first, capturing the nature of matter as aptly as possible, and second, highlighting the difference between matter and the image, analogy, or metaphor used to help explain it.展开更多
As a most generally accepted device of rhetorical purposes, metaphor or metaphorical language is thought to be the seasoning of language. While this paper presents some existing proof to illustrate far more use of met...As a most generally accepted device of rhetorical purposes, metaphor or metaphorical language is thought to be the seasoning of language. While this paper presents some existing proof to illustrate far more use of metaphorical language and the functions of metaphor in English language.展开更多
In this article,a novel logic which concerns with the natural property of comprehension is presented,and the cognitive state of the agent is also considered. The cognitive comprehension operator is put forward,the log...In this article,a novel logic which concerns with the natural property of comprehension is presented,and the cognitive state of the agent is also considered. The cognitive comprehension operator is put forward,the logical system is established,and then the axioms and the properties of the system are discussed. Finally,the application of the cognitive comprehension logic in the understanding of the metaphor is showed.展开更多
Passive voice is frequently used in English language, and generally speaking, the subject is acted upon by the verb, and the actor must be someone or something else in passive voice sentences. However, what requires n...Passive voice is frequently used in English language, and generally speaking, the subject is acted upon by the verb, and the actor must be someone or something else in passive voice sentences. However, what requires noticing and deserves study is that, apart from the congruent expression from passive sentences, in English there also exist a variety of non-congruence within some passive sentences, namely, metaphoric uses. This paper, based on Halliday＇s theory about metaphor and having conducted detailed analyses on some English passive sentences, reveals a noticing phenomenon that some passive sentences are used in a style of metaphor, including transitivity metaphor, modality metaphor, and tense metaphor.展开更多
Which is the true religion？ In the Middle Ages, the parable of the three rings, in all its versions, is a subtle answer to this question, which uses a persuasive allegory. The allegory of the three rings refers to a ...Which is the true religion？ In the Middle Ages, the parable of the three rings, in all its versions, is a subtle answer to this question, which uses a persuasive allegory. The allegory of the three rings refers to a previous allegory, represented by three gems, one real and two fakes. The religion of the philosophers was born from the hidden meaning of the same allegory： universalism, brotherhood of men as children of the one and only God, the transcendence of a single God that cannot be reduced to any particular representation, and love for one＇s neighbors. The three sons who receive the inheritance of the ring, given by their father, are all loved by him and all three receive a gem that could be the real one. The similarity of the position of the three sons is equivalent to the moral element shared by the three religions： All those who believe in God and his justice put into practice the fundamental teachings of the philosophers. The meaning of the allegory is evident： None of the three sons can claim with certainty the possession of the real ring, but precisely because of this their faith can remain clear, removed from the temptation of pursuing someone because of that person＇s religion.展开更多
This paper analyzes the role of six tropes （metonymy, synecdoche, metaphor, analogy, allegory, and irony） in Nietzsche＇s and Novalis＇ writings on language and cognition, using the comparison to show how a negative...This paper analyzes the role of six tropes （metonymy, synecdoche, metaphor, analogy, allegory, and irony） in Nietzsche＇s and Novalis＇ writings on language and cognition, using the comparison to show how a negative element in Nietzsche＇s attitude towards the tropic nature of cognition underlies well-known problems in his response to nihilism. These problems include ambiguities in Nietzsche＇s attitude to truth, and the question of how well he can carry through his project of affirming the individual on the basis of a creative reinterpretation of experience. I maintain that Novalis understands language and cognition to be tropic in a similar way as Nietzsche does, and that these writers provide similar critiques of discursive reason on the basis of what they view as its stultifying rigidity and misleading claims to a ＂literal＂ form of objectivity. However, I argue that Novalis avoids Nietzsche＇s difficulties by maintaining that a creative element in cognition does not rule out a variant of a correspondence notion of truth. Although Novalis＇ account thus falls foul of Nietzsche＇s goal of providing an immanent affirmation of human experience, the comparison shows that a Nietzschean attempt to provide a convincing model of individual self-affirmation should integrate a more positive role for trope, which can support a satisfying conception of the value of human creativity.展开更多
Although reviewers of Tremblay＇s play For the Pleasure of Seeing Her Again （1998） focus on the monologues of the angry mother who rants about everyday concerns for the well-being of her child, a character much like...Although reviewers of Tremblay＇s play For the Pleasure of Seeing Her Again （1998） focus on the monologues of the angry mother who rants about everyday concerns for the well-being of her child, a character much like the one who initiated Tremblay＇s career （the old song）, the author will focus on how the narrator＇s memory of his mother stage by stage in his life enacted before our eyes, permits Tremblay to self-consciously explain that his artistry reaches far beyond bringing the people he knew best in his youth, who had no knowledge of theater history, acting, and directing and staging, to the stage. His growth as an artist and his ＂new songs＂ are a result of his own continuous development of that knowledge展开更多
HAO Jing-fang, a Chinese writer with her novel Folding Beoing, was awarded the 2016 Hugo Award, the top award in global science fiction community, the second for Chinese science fiction writers after LIU Ci-xin for hi...HAO Jing-fang, a Chinese writer with her novel Folding Beoing, was awarded the 2016 Hugo Award, the top award in global science fiction community, the second for Chinese science fiction writers after LIU Ci-xin for his The Three-Body Problem, which stroke a strong shockwave to the science fiction community around the world. It cannot be denied that Ken LIU＇s translation has played an irreplaceable role in the success of Folding Beijing Unfortunately, there are a few studies on LIU＇s translation of Folding Beoing, let alone with Skopos theory. This paper refers to massive studies on it by scholars at home and abroad and is based on a careful reading of Folding Beifing, its translation counterpart and concludes that the translator adopts Skopos theory in translating figurative rhetoric by linking the three basic roles with the LIU＇s ideas on translation. This paper studies the translation on the figurative rhetoric in Folding Beijing and extracts so many typical sentences as to certify the flexible strategies and methods adopted by the author under Skopos theory, which conforms to the reading habit and taste of the target audience and provides a paradigm for the future translation of Chinese science fictions展开更多
This paper treats metaphors and terminology or the discourse of tasawwuf Having in mind that tasawwuf is a discipline developed in the scope of Islamic tradition and that its focus is on the esoteric dimension of the ...This paper treats metaphors and terminology or the discourse of tasawwuf Having in mind that tasawwuf is a discipline developed in the scope of Islamic tradition and that its focus is on the esoteric dimension of the Qur＇an （ta wil）, which relates to the cognition of the highest rank, an approach to such a discourse needs special effort, both intellectual and spiritual. The language of literature belonging to either theoretical or practical tasawwuf is highly symbolic： theoretical tasawwuf deals with ontology and discusses God, world, and human being, while pragmatic tasawwuftries, just as the ethics, to change human being, that is, to ennoble him. Because of its specific way of presentation and its specific discourse, a communication with that discourse is determined by the knowledge of its symbolism, its terminology and, generally, its professional terminology.展开更多
Stylistics is the study of style. It is a branch of linguistics concerned with the study of characteristic choices in use of language, made by different individuals or social groups in different situations of use. Acc...Stylistics is the study of style. It is a branch of linguistics concerned with the study of characteristic choices in use of language, made by different individuals or social groups in different situations of use. According to Martin （1991）, grammatical metaphor is the process by which the meanings are multiply-coded at the level of grammar. Meaning variation represented by lexicogrammatical changes are metaphor, and meaning differences represented by sound system may also bring about metaphorical phenomenon. This paper seeks to explore the stylistic value of intonation metaphor in functional stylistics by analyzing the distribution of intonation metaphors in both public speeches and news reports.展开更多
The article discusses the metaphor in Updike＇ s works through a multidimensional perspective achieving to the cognition of some insight and understanding,and metaphor is the mapping between two conceptual domains,als...The article discusses the metaphor in Updike＇ s works through a multidimensional perspective achieving to the cognition of some insight and understanding,and metaphor is the mapping between two conceptual domains,also metaphor is a thing to experience and understand another thing.And it is the general situation of human existence and the general characteristics of human nature,through the metaphor of this symbol, we recognize the twentieth century second half of the full 50 years of American social life history.展开更多
文章介绍了美国传教士郏爱比(Asa Bruce Cabaniss)以高第丕(Tarleton Perry Crawford)等传教士创制的上海土音新字翻译编写的上海话本《伊娑菩个比方》(即《伊索寓言》),将其内容与罗伯聃(Robert Thom)所翻译的文言本的《意拾喻言》进...文章介绍了美国传教士郏爱比(Asa Bruce Cabaniss)以高第丕(Tarleton Perry Crawford)等传教士创制的上海土音新字翻译编写的上海话本《伊娑菩个比方》(即《伊索寓言》),将其内容与罗伯聃(Robert Thom)所翻译的文言本的《意拾喻言》进行了比较,并整理分析了该书所反映的19世纪50年代上海话的音系特点。展开更多
文摘Plotinus＇ account of matter in Ennead III 6[26] 11-15 serves two purposes. The terms, evil and ugly, present the negative side of matter＇s causality, providing for the change characteristic of the sensible world and the possibility of ontological evil and privation as well as of moral evil among human beings. The receptacle and other images from Plato＇s Timaeus present the positive side of this causality, matter as allowing for the presence of forms in the bodies of the sensible world. Plotinus explicitly articulates the linguistic problem surrounding the nature of matter, since language is derived from the corporeal and thus needs constant correction when applied to matter as incorporeal. His use of language, thus, always has two phases, first, capturing the nature of matter as aptly as possible, and second, highlighting the difference between matter and the image, analogy, or metaphor used to help explain it.
文摘As a most generally accepted device of rhetorical purposes, metaphor or metaphorical language is thought to be the seasoning of language. While this paper presents some existing proof to illustrate far more use of metaphorical language and the functions of metaphor in English language.
基金Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No.2008F3105)
文摘In this article,a novel logic which concerns with the natural property of comprehension is presented,and the cognitive state of the agent is also considered. The cognitive comprehension operator is put forward,the logical system is established,and then the axioms and the properties of the system are discussed. Finally,the application of the cognitive comprehension logic in the understanding of the metaphor is showed.
文摘Passive voice is frequently used in English language, and generally speaking, the subject is acted upon by the verb, and the actor must be someone or something else in passive voice sentences. However, what requires noticing and deserves study is that, apart from the congruent expression from passive sentences, in English there also exist a variety of non-congruence within some passive sentences, namely, metaphoric uses. This paper, based on Halliday＇s theory about metaphor and having conducted detailed analyses on some English passive sentences, reveals a noticing phenomenon that some passive sentences are used in a style of metaphor, including transitivity metaphor, modality metaphor, and tense metaphor.
文摘Which is the true religion？ In the Middle Ages, the parable of the three rings, in all its versions, is a subtle answer to this question, which uses a persuasive allegory. The allegory of the three rings refers to a previous allegory, represented by three gems, one real and two fakes. The religion of the philosophers was born from the hidden meaning of the same allegory： universalism, brotherhood of men as children of the one and only God, the transcendence of a single God that cannot be reduced to any particular representation, and love for one＇s neighbors. The three sons who receive the inheritance of the ring, given by their father, are all loved by him and all three receive a gem that could be the real one. The similarity of the position of the three sons is equivalent to the moral element shared by the three religions： All those who believe in God and his justice put into practice the fundamental teachings of the philosophers. The meaning of the allegory is evident： None of the three sons can claim with certainty the possession of the real ring, but precisely because of this their faith can remain clear, removed from the temptation of pursuing someone because of that person＇s religion.
文摘This paper analyzes the role of six tropes （metonymy, synecdoche, metaphor, analogy, allegory, and irony） in Nietzsche＇s and Novalis＇ writings on language and cognition, using the comparison to show how a negative element in Nietzsche＇s attitude towards the tropic nature of cognition underlies well-known problems in his response to nihilism. These problems include ambiguities in Nietzsche＇s attitude to truth, and the question of how well he can carry through his project of affirming the individual on the basis of a creative reinterpretation of experience. I maintain that Novalis understands language and cognition to be tropic in a similar way as Nietzsche does, and that these writers provide similar critiques of discursive reason on the basis of what they view as its stultifying rigidity and misleading claims to a ＂literal＂ form of objectivity. However, I argue that Novalis avoids Nietzsche＇s difficulties by maintaining that a creative element in cognition does not rule out a variant of a correspondence notion of truth. Although Novalis＇ account thus falls foul of Nietzsche＇s goal of providing an immanent affirmation of human experience, the comparison shows that a Nietzschean attempt to provide a convincing model of individual self-affirmation should integrate a more positive role for trope, which can support a satisfying conception of the value of human creativity.
文摘Although reviewers of Tremblay＇s play For the Pleasure of Seeing Her Again （1998） focus on the monologues of the angry mother who rants about everyday concerns for the well-being of her child, a character much like the one who initiated Tremblay＇s career （the old song）, the author will focus on how the narrator＇s memory of his mother stage by stage in his life enacted before our eyes, permits Tremblay to self-consciously explain that his artistry reaches far beyond bringing the people he knew best in his youth, who had no knowledge of theater history, acting, and directing and staging, to the stage. His growth as an artist and his ＂new songs＂ are a result of his own continuous development of that knowledge
文摘HAO Jing-fang, a Chinese writer with her novel Folding Beoing, was awarded the 2016 Hugo Award, the top award in global science fiction community, the second for Chinese science fiction writers after LIU Ci-xin for his The Three-Body Problem, which stroke a strong shockwave to the science fiction community around the world. It cannot be denied that Ken LIU＇s translation has played an irreplaceable role in the success of Folding Beijing Unfortunately, there are a few studies on LIU＇s translation of Folding Beoing, let alone with Skopos theory. This paper refers to massive studies on it by scholars at home and abroad and is based on a careful reading of Folding Beifing, its translation counterpart and concludes that the translator adopts Skopos theory in translating figurative rhetoric by linking the three basic roles with the LIU＇s ideas on translation. This paper studies the translation on the figurative rhetoric in Folding Beijing and extracts so many typical sentences as to certify the flexible strategies and methods adopted by the author under Skopos theory, which conforms to the reading habit and taste of the target audience and provides a paradigm for the future translation of Chinese science fictions
文摘This paper treats metaphors and terminology or the discourse of tasawwuf Having in mind that tasawwuf is a discipline developed in the scope of Islamic tradition and that its focus is on the esoteric dimension of the Qur＇an （ta wil）, which relates to the cognition of the highest rank, an approach to such a discourse needs special effort, both intellectual and spiritual. The language of literature belonging to either theoretical or practical tasawwuf is highly symbolic： theoretical tasawwuf deals with ontology and discusses God, world, and human being, while pragmatic tasawwuftries, just as the ethics, to change human being, that is, to ennoble him. Because of its specific way of presentation and its specific discourse, a communication with that discourse is determined by the knowledge of its symbolism, its terminology and, generally, its professional terminology.
文摘Stylistics is the study of style. It is a branch of linguistics concerned with the study of characteristic choices in use of language, made by different individuals or social groups in different situations of use. According to Martin （1991）, grammatical metaphor is the process by which the meanings are multiply-coded at the level of grammar. Meaning variation represented by lexicogrammatical changes are metaphor, and meaning differences represented by sound system may also bring about metaphorical phenomenon. This paper seeks to explore the stylistic value of intonation metaphor in functional stylistics by analyzing the distribution of intonation metaphors in both public speeches and news reports.
文摘The article discusses the metaphor in Updike＇ s works through a multidimensional perspective achieving to the cognition of some insight and understanding,and metaphor is the mapping between two conceptual domains,also metaphor is a thing to experience and understand another thing.And it is the general situation of human existence and the general characteristics of human nature,through the metaphor of this symbol, we recognize the twentieth century second half of the full 50 years of American social life history.
文摘文章介绍了美国传教士郏爱比(Asa Bruce Cabaniss)以高第丕(Tarleton Perry Crawford)等传教士创制的上海土音新字翻译编写的上海话本《伊娑菩个比方》(即《伊索寓言》),将其内容与罗伯聃(Robert Thom)所翻译的文言本的《意拾喻言》进行了比较,并整理分析了该书所反映的19世纪50年代上海话的音系特点。
