水库大坝安全鉴定办法

第一章总则第一条为加强水库大坝(以下简称大坝)安全管理,规范大坝安全鉴定工作,保障大坝安全运行,根据《中华人民共和国水法》、《中华人民共和国防洪法》和《水库大坝安全管理条例》的有关规定,制定本办法。第二条本办法适用于坝高15m以上或库容100万m^3以上水库的大坝。坝高小于15m或库容在10万m^3～100万m^3之间的小型水库的大坝可参照执行。

湖北省召开《水库渔业》通讯员座谈会

为了进一步活跃《水库渔业》杂志的通讯报道工作，湖北省水利厅于1983年11月29～12月1日在新洲县道观河水库召开了《水库渔业》湖北通讯组座谈会，到会代表共16人。《水库渔业》编辑部应邀派人参加会议。

企业水库《水库防洪抢险应急预案》编制情况及建议

是为了提高水库对突发事件应对能力,切实做好水库遭遇突发事件时的防洪抢险调度和险情抢护工作,力保水库工程安全,最大程度保障人民群众生命安全,减少损失,每座水库都要编制《水库防洪抢险应急预案》(以下简称《预案》)。大连市自来水集团有限公司属于国有大(2)型企业,管辖九座水库,其中中型水库四座,小(一)型水库五座。企业对水库的管理模式与政府直管水库模式差异较大,导致防洪、抢险、下游逃险的方式与《预案》要求有所不同。本文主要讨论企管水库《预案》的编制方法及建议。

《水库工程实施指南》

爱德华撰写的《水库工程实施指南》一书最近已由英国的Thomas Telford出版社出版。本文对该书进行了评述。读完对该书的评述之后，如果您有什么想法和要求，请与“IWP&DC”的Carrieann Davies联系。通信地址为：Wilmington House，Maidstone Road，Foots Cray，Sidup，Kent，DAl45HzUK；电子信箱为：cdavies@wilmington．co．

《水库渔业》编委会召开第三次会议

[本刊讯] 1984年10月31日至11月3日，《水库渔业》编委会第三次会议在湖北省丹江口市水电部工程管理培训中心召开，到会编委成员共15人。编辑部工作人员列席了会议。

Research on pumped storage and complementary energy development models for abandoned mines in China

Within the framework of achieving carbon neutrality,various industries are confronted with fresh challenges.The ongoing process of downsizing coal industry operations has evolved into a new phase,with the burgeoning proliferation of abandoned mines posing a persistent issue.Addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by these abandoned mines,this paper advocates for a scientific approach centered on the advancement of pumped storage energy alongside gas-oil complementary energy.Leveraging abandoned mine tunnels to establish pumped storage power stations holds significant ecological and economic importance for repurposing these sites.This initiative not only serves as an effective means to restore the ecological balance in mining regions but also provides an environmentally friendly approach to repurposing abandoned mine tunnels,offering a blueprint for economically viable pumped storage power stations.This article delineates five crucial scientific considerations and outlines seven primary models for the utilization of abandoned mine sites,delineating a novel,comprehensive pathway for energy and power development that emphasizes multi-energy complementarity and synergistic optimization within abandoned mines.

Influences of gas bubble and ice density on ice thickness measurement by GPR

Lake ice thickness changes with regional hydrometeorology and is closely associated with global climate change.We tested the detection of ice thickness using ground penetrating radar（GPR）in the Hongqipao reservoir.Ice crystals,gas bubbles,ice density and ice thickness were also determined by concurrently drilling for validation.During the tests the gas bubble content was high in the upper and low in the bottom,ice density varied with the bubble content,and the ice thickness was not homogeneous.By comparisons between radar detected and in-situ measured ice thicknesses with theoretical analyses of the influence of gas bubble content on the dielectric constant,a three-layer model with snow, granular ice,and columnar ice was established and the transmission speed of radar wave within the ice was determined.Experience reveals that the equivalent dielectric constant can be used to evaluate the wave speed and the values at 1/3 ice cover depth can be used as equivalent values.Besides,the difference between the theoretical transmission time and the real detection time induced by large gas bubbles increases nonlinearly with the theoretical transmission time or ice thickness.

Evaluation of volcanic reservoirs with the "QAPM mineral model" using a genetic algorithm

Gas-bearing volcanic reservoirs have been found in the deep Songliao Basin, China. Choosing proper interpretation parameters for log evaluation is difficult due to complicated mineral compositions and variable mineral contents. Based on the QAPF classification scheme given by IUGS, we propose a method to determine the mineral contents of volcanic rocks using log data and a genetic algorithm. According to the QAPF scheme, minerals in volcanic rocks are divided into five groups： Q（quartz）, A （Alkaline feldspar）, P （plagioclase）, M （mafic） and F （feldspathoid）. We propose a model called QAPM including porosity for the volumetric analysis of reservoirs. The log response equations for density, apparent neutron porosity, transit time, gamma ray and volume photoelectrical cross section index were first established with the mineral parameters obtained from the Schlumberger handbook of log mineral parameters. Then the volumes of the four minerals in the matrix were calculated using the genetic algorithm （GA）. The calculated porosity, based on the interpretation parameters, can be compared with core porosity, and the rock names given in the paper based on QAPF classification according to the four mineral contents are compatible with those from the chemical analysis of the core samples.

Research on the Relationship between Three Isomers of Microcystins and Environmental Factors

[Objective] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors were studied in the fields.[Method] Three isomers of microcystins （MC-LR,RR and YR） from water of five sampling spots in a northern reservoir were observed for one year with High Performance Liquid Chromatography analytical method in order to study the relationship between three isomers and environmental factors.[Result] The three isomers of microcystins showed positive correlation with chlorophyll a;LR and YR isomers all had significant linear positive correlations with the water temperature,but the RR isomer showed no significant correlation with the water temperature;LR and YR isomers had relatively significantly correlativities with the contents of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and organic nitrogen,while the RR isomer only showed a significant negative correlation with the content of nitrate nitrogen;LR and RR isomers both showed significant positive correlations with the contents of total phosphorus and organic phosphorus,while the phosphorus hardly affected the YR isomer and showed no evident correlation.[Conclusion] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors such as chlorophyll a,water temperature,nitrogen,phosphorus were studied and investigated the reasons,which might offered a reference for controlling the growth of blue algae in water and toxin synthesis.

Macrobenthos Community Structure and Its Relations With Environmental Factors in Three Reservoirs in Tianjin

[Objective] The aim was to research macrobenthos community structure and its relations with environmental factors in three reservoirs. [Method] Benthic diversity and water quality of Yuqiao Reservoir, Beidagang Reservoir and Er- wangzhuang Reservoir were investigated in May, July and September 2011, respec- tively. []Result] Of all the 14 sampling sites, 22 species of macroinvertebrates were collected, totally, which included 6 species of aquatic insects, 7 species of Mollusca, 2 species of Crustacean, 7 species of Oligochaeta. The species of macroinverte- brates during May, July and September in Yuqiao reservoir were 11, 8 and 10, respectively. The dominant species were Chironomus sinicus, and Monopylephorus limosus. The average density and biomass of the macrobenthos were 132.43 ind./m2 and 50.09 g/m2. Yuqiao reservoir was mostly at status of premediate polluted, according to the Margalef index, Shannon index and Pielou index. The species of during May, July and September in Beidagang reservoir were 5 5 and 5, respectively. The dominant species were Chironomus sinicus, Penaeus vannamei. The average density and biomass of the macrobenthos were 218 ind./m2 and 2.70 g/m2. Beidagang reservoir was mostly at status of heavy polluted, accord- ing to the Margalef index, Shannon-wiener index, Pielou index. The species of during May, July and September in Erwangzhuang reservoir were 3, 5 and 5, respectively. The dominant species were Monopylephorus limosus, Chi- ronomus sinicus. The average density and biomass of the macrobenthos were 104 ind/m2 and 0.20 g/m2. Erwangzhuang reservoir was mostly at status of intermediate polluted, according to the Margalef index, Shannon index, Pielou index. The density of zoobenthos in Yuqiao Reservoir was positively significantly correlated with TP （P〉 0.05）, negatively correlated with NH4＋-N （P〉0.05）, positively correlated with COD （P〈 0.01）, not significantly correlated with other environment factors （P〉0.05）. There was no significant correlation between biomass of zoobenthos and environment factors. The density of zoobenthos in Beidagang Reservoir with NH4＋-N was positively signif- icantly correlated （P〈0.05）, not significantly correlated with other aquatic environment factors （P〉0.05）. There was no significant correlation between biomass of zoobenthos and environment factors. The density of zoobenthos in Erwangzhuang Reser- voir with NO3-N was positively significantly correlated （P〈0.05）, not significant cor- related with other aquatic environment factors （F〉0.05）. The biomass of zoobenthos in Erwangzhuang Reservoir with NH4＋-N was positively significantly correlated （P〈 0.05）, not significant correlated with other aquatic environment factors （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] It is indicated that this three reservoirs were all eutrophied and polluted, and the eurephication extent change of water in three reservoirs is as follows： Beidagang reservoir〉Erwangzhuang reservoir〉Yuqiao reservoir.

Representative cDNA Library from Isolated Rice Sperm Cells

利用Percoll密度梯度离心和多次滤膜过滤分离到适于分子生物学研究的水稻 (OryzasativaL .cv .Guichao2 )生活精细胞。借助RT_PCR和SMART技术构建了水稻精细胞的cDNA文库。初级文库的大小为 1.5 8× 10 6 pfu ,插入片段平均大小为 980bp。 10 3个随机挑选的克隆与DIG标记的水稻幼苗根、叶及二细胞时期花粉、成熟花粉、精细胞和授粉 5～ 7d的子房cDNA探针杂交表明 ,除少数克隆外 ,它们在上述器官中的表达情况很相似。 10个随机挑选的克隆用来测序及分析 ,有 4个克隆含有完整的开放阅读框。 1个克隆与水稻Polyubiquitin (Rubq1)mRNA高度同源。Northern杂交表明它在二细胞时期花粉、成熟花粉中的表达显著少于在根、叶和授粉子房中的表达。另一个克隆的开放阅读框编码与拟南芥 (Arabidopsisthaliana (L .)Heynh .)AtRAD17同源的蛋白。这是第一次正式报道高等植物精细胞cDNA文库的构建 ,也是第一次从高等植物精细胞中分离到其表达的基因。

Primary Study of Rice AFLP Analysis Optimization of Reaction Conditions and Analysis of Thermo sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Allelic Mutant Lines

AFLP analysis was performed between a pair of thermo_sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice allelic mutant lines (5460S and 5460F). The reaction conditions for rice AFLP assay were optimized. The relative efficiencies for polymorphism detection of RFLP, RAPD and AFLP were compared. The results indicated that the efficiency for polymorphism detection in rice was in the order of AFLP>RAPD>RFLP, and also indicated that AFLP was a powerful DNA molecular marker technique for polymorphism detection, especially in the case of extremely low polymorphism, such as isogenic lines and allelic mutant lines. Some of the AFLP products between the TGMS rice allelic mutant lines were cloned. Three of them were used as mixed probes to screen BAC library of rice line 5460S. 12 positive clones were screened out. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these three molecular marker systems were discussed.

Vegetation Influence Investigation of GangnanHuangbizhuang Reservoir Downstream River and Recovery Strategies

The research selected three typical areas for plant investigation, including upper reaches of Gangnan Reservoir, the area between Gangnan and downstream of Huangbizhuang Reservoir, and Huangbizhuang Reservoir. The results showed that affected by water, plant species, species diversity and species richness were all decreasing in varying degrees as the distance with watercourse upper reaches was increasing, but the ratio of Anthropochory plants was growing. The research finally proposed countermeasures, including increasing wetland area, constructing forests and artificial water landscape of Hutuo River and reinforcing watercourse compre- hensive management.

A Study on Water Pollution and Bioremediation in Hedi Reservoir

Statistical work and analysis were made based on data of monitored wa- ter quality data in Hedi Reservoir during 2000-2010 and the results show that the content of nutritive salt was higher and water was moderate or light eutrophication. Based on status quo and practical survey research of the Reservoir, the causes for eutrophication deterioration were analyzed and countermeasures were proposed, providing scientific references for sustainable development of Hedi Reservoir.

Effect of Water Supply on Seed Germination of Soil Seed-bank in Desert Vegetation

在温室条件下 ,进行了水涝和保湿 2种水分供应试验。结果表明 ,在土壤种子库中 ,有 3种植物的种子在水涝条件下的萌发数量明显较大 ;9种植物在保湿条件下的萌发数量明显较大 ;18种植物在 2种水分供应条件下的萌发数量没有明显差异。当植物的土壤种子密度较低时在不太合适的萌发条件下表现为不存在。研究结果强调在进行土壤种子库分析之前预备萌发试验的必要性。同时也揭示出利用一种标准的水分供应处理方法去分析来自不同生境土样里种子库的危险性。

A model study of residual oil distribution jointly using crosswell and borehole-surface electric potential methods

Although high resolution can be provided by electrical logging, the measured electrical log range is narrow and is limited to near the well. Borehole-surface electric potential measurements are able to detect a wide enough range but its resolution is limited, particularly for reservoirs with complex oil and water distribution or complicated structure. In this study, we attempt to accurately locate the 3-D reservoir water and oil distribution by combining borehole-surface and crosswell electric potentials. First, the distributions of oil and water in both vertical and horizontal directions are detected by the borehole-surface and erosswell electric potential methods, respectively, and then the measured crosswell potential result is used to calibrate the measured borehole-surface electric potential data to improve vertical resolution so that the residual oil distribution is determined in a lower half-space with three dimensions. The evaluation of residual oil distribution is obtained by investigation of differences between the simulation results of the reservoir with and without water flooding. The finite difference numerical simulation results prove that the spatial residual oil distribution can be effectively determined by combining the crosswell and borehole-surface electric potentials.

A Cosmid Library Constructed to the Elite Rice Cultivar “Minghui 63”

A genomic DNA library was constructed to the elite rice cultivar “Minghui 63” using the cosmid SuperCos1 as the vector. The library consisted of 45000 clones with average insert size about 40 kb. It was estimated that this library had a capacity of 4.2 times equivalent of the haploid genome of rice.

Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Twig Water Potential of Korla Fragrant Pear

With 7-year-old Korla fragrant pear trees as the experimental material, different root-zone irrigation patterns were arranged to study the effects of soil moisture on twig water potential of Korla fragrant pear trees at different growth stages. The results showed that under the condition of regulated deficit irrigation, the diurnal dynamics of twig water potential of Korla fragrant pear trees was V shaped at different growth stages, and the twig water potential of Korla fragrant pear trees reached the minimum during 14：00-16：00. At different growth stages, the twig water potential of Korla fragrant pear trees under drought stress was significantly lower than that of pear trees irrigated normally. Under both drought stress and normal irrigation, the diurnal variation of twig water potential of Korla fragrant pear trees during the flowering period was most gentle, that during the fruit-setting and mature periods showed some ups and downs, and that during the fruit enlargement period was greater. Under the experimental conditions, the twig water potential of Korla fragrant pear trees was positively correlated with soil moisture content, and the functional relationships between them at different growth stages were studied by regression analysis. In addition, the limits of twig water potential and soil moisture content for normal growth of Korla fragrant pear trees at different growth stages were determined.

Tectonic Evolution and Geological Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in Marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic Strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin

The South Yellow Sea Basin is the main body of the lower Yangtze area in which marine Mesozoic–Paleozoic strata are widely distributed.The latest geophysical data were used to overcome the limitation of previous poor-quality deep data.Meanwhile,the geological characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the marine Mesozoic–Paleozoic strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin were analyzed by comparing the source rocks and the reservoir and utilizing drilling and outcrop data.It is believed that the South Yellow Sea Basin roughly underwent six evolutionary stages:plate spreading,plate convergence,stable platform development,foreland basin development,faulted basin development,and depression basin development.The South Yellow Sea Basin has characteristics of a composite platform-fault depression geological structure,with a half-graben geological structure and with a ‘sandwich structure' in the vertical direction.Four sets of hydrocarbon source rocks developed – the upper Permian Longtan–Dalong formation,the lower Permian Qixia formation,the lower Silurian Gaojiabian formation,and the lower Cambrian Hetang formation/Mufushan formation,giving the South Yellow Sea Basin relatively good hydrocarbon potential.The carbonate is the main reservoir rock type in the South Yellow Sea area,and there are four carbonate reservoir types:porous dolomitic,reef-bank,weathered crust,and fractured.There are reservoir-forming horizons similar to the typical hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Yangtze land area developed in the South Yellow Sea,and there are three sets of complete source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages developed in the marine strata,with very good hydrocarbon potential.