AIM:To evaluate gastric motility using electrical bioimpedance(EBI) and gastric changes as a result of stress induced by psychological tests.METHODS:A group of 57 healthy women,aged 40-60 years,was recruited,and a cli...AIM:To evaluate gastric motility using electrical bioimpedance(EBI) and gastric changes as a result of stress induced by psychological tests.METHODS:A group of 57 healthy women,aged 40-60 years,was recruited,and a clinical history and physical examination were performed.The women were free from severe anxiety,chronic or acute stress,severe depression,mental diseases and conditions that affect gastric activity.The women were evaluated under fasting conditions,and using a four-electrode configuration,the gastric signals were obtained through a BIOPAC MP-150 system.The volunteers were evaluated using the following paradigm:basal state,recording during the Stroop Test,intermediate resting period,recording during the Raven Test,and a final resting period.We analyzed the relative areas of the frequency spectrum:A1(1-2 cpm),A2(2-4 cpm),A3(4-8 cpm),and A4(8-12 cpm),as well as the median of area A2 + A3.The data were analyzed by an autoregressive method using a Butterworth filter with MatLab and Origin.Analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Friedman ANOVA(for nonparametric variables) were performed;in addition,pairs of groups were compared using the T dependent and Wilcoxon T tests.RESULTS:The results of the main values of area A2 were not significantly different comparing the five steps of the experimental paradigm.Nevertheless,there was a tendency of this A2 region to decrease during the stress tests,with recuperation at the final resting step.When an extended gastric region was considered(1-4 cpm),significant differences with the psychological stress tests were present(F = 3.85,P = 0.005).The A3 region also showed significant changes when the stress psychological tests were administered(F = 7.25,P < 0.001).These differences were influenced by the changes in the adjacent gastric region of A2.The parameter that we proposed in previous studies for the evaluation of gastric motility by electrical bio-impedance(EBI) was the median of the area under the region from 2 to 8 cpm(A2 + A3).The mean values of these frequencies(median of the A2 + A3 area) with the stress test showed significant changes(F = 5.5,P < 0.001).The results of the WilcoxonT test for the A4 area parameter,which is influenced by the breathing response,changed significantly during the Raven stress test(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:We confirm that the gastric response to acute psychological stress can be evaluated by short-term EBI.展开更多
This paper is an exploration of how London is portrayed differently in two poems--William Wordsworth's Composed upon Westminster bridge and William Blake's London. In Wordsworth's poem Composed upon Westminster bri...This paper is an exploration of how London is portrayed differently in two poems--William Wordsworth's Composed upon Westminster bridge and William Blake's London. In Wordsworth's poem Composed upon Westminster bridge, the natural beauty of London is impressed deeply upon every reader. On the contrary, William Blake describes a dark, inactive and suffering city of London. With detailed analysis of the texts of the two poems, this paper shows how the two poets express different views of London.展开更多
The authors make the analysis of first arrivals of the P-wave from Ina-TEWS (Indonesian tsunami early warning system) and CTBT (comprehensive nuclear-test-band treaty) stations. These are used for earthquake early...The authors make the analysis of first arrivals of the P-wave from Ina-TEWS (Indonesian tsunami early warning system) and CTBT (comprehensive nuclear-test-band treaty) stations. These are used for earthquake early warning, magnitude determination and potential earthquake hazard mitigation based on seismogram acceleration. This research is focused on the study of energy duration of high frequency, and the maximum displacement of P-waves by observing broadband seismograms. The further analysis consists of deconvolution, integration or defferentiation, recursive filtering for data restitution, and applying a Butterworth filter of second order. The Butterworth filter uses high frequency 0.075 Hz to cut the effect of drift, and band-pass frequency 2-4 Hz for use in magnitude calculation. The authors choose potentially damaging earthquakes to be greater than Mw 〉 6.0. Based on the trigger on the three seconds the first arrival P-wave, the dominant period (Td) and amplitude displacement (Pd) was calculated by using data CISI (Indonesian CI Sompet) seismological station, Garut (west Java) and tested for data CTBT, LEM bang, Bandung (LEM station). This research resulted determination of the P-wave arrival time accurately using integrated skewness and kurtosis. Performance data from the CTBT stations is very high. Signal to noise ratio 〉1,000 after passing through the filter. Such riset conducted to find out a rapid magnitude estimations from predominant frequency of displacement are: log Td = 0.2406 M- 1.3665 (R = 0.73) or M = 4.156 log Td + 5.6797. Relationship of Pd, magnitude moment, Mw and hypocentre, R are log Pd = -4.684 + 0.815 Mw - 1.36 log R. For relation of PGA (peak ground acceleration) and amplitude displacement are log PGA = 1.117 log Pd + 0.728 (R = 0.91). Furthermore, this formula can be used to support earthquake early warning in west of Java.展开更多
Aiming to optimize the beer production process by improving the properties of beer and reducing production costs at the J.S.C. "Birra Peja" brewery, Peja, Kosovo, this study did an evaluation of beer produced using ...Aiming to optimize the beer production process by improving the properties of beer and reducing production costs at the J.S.C. "Birra Peja" brewery, Peja, Kosovo, this study did an evaluation of beer produced using six different malts. Four of the six studied malts were produced in four European countries: Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia and Kosovo; and, the other two malts were obtained from two (2) 30:70 proportion mixtures: one from Kosovo and Ukraine and another one from Kosovo and Croatia. Chemical, microbiological, sensory and tasting analyses were carried on beers produced by these malts. The study included three working groups from: "Birra Peja"; the Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania and "Union Brewery", Ljubljana, Slovenia. Chemical and microbiological tests were based on methods under the EBC (European Beer Convention) and MEBAK (Mitteleurop^iische Brautechnische Analysenkommision e.V.) guidelines. The analyses and assessments made for the quality of beer have come to the conclusion that beer produced by Croatian origin malt corresponds to a better quality beer.展开更多
Suppose that Z1 , Z2,’’’ Zn are independent normal random variables with common meanμ and variance σ2. Then S2 and have distribution andtn-1 distribution respectively. If the normal assumption fails, there will b...Suppose that Z1 , Z2,’’’ Zn are independent normal random variables with common meanμ and variance σ2. Then S2 and have distribution andtn-1 distribution respectively. If the normal assumption fails, there will be the remaindersof the distribution functions and density functions. This paper gives the direct expansions ofdistribution functions and density functions of S2 alld T up to o(n-1). They are more intuitiveand convenient than usual Edgeworth expansions.展开更多
基金Supported by Research and Graduate Department,2008-2010, University of Guanajuato
文摘AIM:To evaluate gastric motility using electrical bioimpedance(EBI) and gastric changes as a result of stress induced by psychological tests.METHODS:A group of 57 healthy women,aged 40-60 years,was recruited,and a clinical history and physical examination were performed.The women were free from severe anxiety,chronic or acute stress,severe depression,mental diseases and conditions that affect gastric activity.The women were evaluated under fasting conditions,and using a four-electrode configuration,the gastric signals were obtained through a BIOPAC MP-150 system.The volunteers were evaluated using the following paradigm:basal state,recording during the Stroop Test,intermediate resting period,recording during the Raven Test,and a final resting period.We analyzed the relative areas of the frequency spectrum:A1(1-2 cpm),A2(2-4 cpm),A3(4-8 cpm),and A4(8-12 cpm),as well as the median of area A2 + A3.The data were analyzed by an autoregressive method using a Butterworth filter with MatLab and Origin.Analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Friedman ANOVA(for nonparametric variables) were performed;in addition,pairs of groups were compared using the T dependent and Wilcoxon T tests.RESULTS:The results of the main values of area A2 were not significantly different comparing the five steps of the experimental paradigm.Nevertheless,there was a tendency of this A2 region to decrease during the stress tests,with recuperation at the final resting step.When an extended gastric region was considered(1-4 cpm),significant differences with the psychological stress tests were present(F = 3.85,P = 0.005).The A3 region also showed significant changes when the stress psychological tests were administered(F = 7.25,P < 0.001).These differences were influenced by the changes in the adjacent gastric region of A2.The parameter that we proposed in previous studies for the evaluation of gastric motility by electrical bio-impedance(EBI) was the median of the area under the region from 2 to 8 cpm(A2 + A3).The mean values of these frequencies(median of the A2 + A3 area) with the stress test showed significant changes(F = 5.5,P < 0.001).The results of the WilcoxonT test for the A4 area parameter,which is influenced by the breathing response,changed significantly during the Raven stress test(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:We confirm that the gastric response to acute psychological stress can be evaluated by short-term EBI.
文摘This paper is an exploration of how London is portrayed differently in two poems--William Wordsworth's Composed upon Westminster bridge and William Blake's London. In Wordsworth's poem Composed upon Westminster bridge, the natural beauty of London is impressed deeply upon every reader. On the contrary, William Blake describes a dark, inactive and suffering city of London. With detailed analysis of the texts of the two poems, this paper shows how the two poets express different views of London.
文摘The authors make the analysis of first arrivals of the P-wave from Ina-TEWS (Indonesian tsunami early warning system) and CTBT (comprehensive nuclear-test-band treaty) stations. These are used for earthquake early warning, magnitude determination and potential earthquake hazard mitigation based on seismogram acceleration. This research is focused on the study of energy duration of high frequency, and the maximum displacement of P-waves by observing broadband seismograms. The further analysis consists of deconvolution, integration or defferentiation, recursive filtering for data restitution, and applying a Butterworth filter of second order. The Butterworth filter uses high frequency 0.075 Hz to cut the effect of drift, and band-pass frequency 2-4 Hz for use in magnitude calculation. The authors choose potentially damaging earthquakes to be greater than Mw 〉 6.0. Based on the trigger on the three seconds the first arrival P-wave, the dominant period (Td) and amplitude displacement (Pd) was calculated by using data CISI (Indonesian CI Sompet) seismological station, Garut (west Java) and tested for data CTBT, LEM bang, Bandung (LEM station). This research resulted determination of the P-wave arrival time accurately using integrated skewness and kurtosis. Performance data from the CTBT stations is very high. Signal to noise ratio 〉1,000 after passing through the filter. Such riset conducted to find out a rapid magnitude estimations from predominant frequency of displacement are: log Td = 0.2406 M- 1.3665 (R = 0.73) or M = 4.156 log Td + 5.6797. Relationship of Pd, magnitude moment, Mw and hypocentre, R are log Pd = -4.684 + 0.815 Mw - 1.36 log R. For relation of PGA (peak ground acceleration) and amplitude displacement are log PGA = 1.117 log Pd + 0.728 (R = 0.91). Furthermore, this formula can be used to support earthquake early warning in west of Java.
文摘Aiming to optimize the beer production process by improving the properties of beer and reducing production costs at the J.S.C. "Birra Peja" brewery, Peja, Kosovo, this study did an evaluation of beer produced using six different malts. Four of the six studied malts were produced in four European countries: Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia and Kosovo; and, the other two malts were obtained from two (2) 30:70 proportion mixtures: one from Kosovo and Ukraine and another one from Kosovo and Croatia. Chemical, microbiological, sensory and tasting analyses were carried on beers produced by these malts. The study included three working groups from: "Birra Peja"; the Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania and "Union Brewery", Ljubljana, Slovenia. Chemical and microbiological tests were based on methods under the EBC (European Beer Convention) and MEBAK (Mitteleurop^iische Brautechnische Analysenkommision e.V.) guidelines. The analyses and assessments made for the quality of beer have come to the conclusion that beer produced by Croatian origin malt corresponds to a better quality beer.
文摘Suppose that Z1 , Z2,’’’ Zn are independent normal random variables with common meanμ and variance σ2. Then S2 and have distribution andtn-1 distribution respectively. If the normal assumption fails, there will be the remaindersof the distribution functions and density functions. This paper gives the direct expansions ofdistribution functions and density functions of S2 alld T up to o(n-1). They are more intuitiveand convenient than usual Edgeworth expansions.