关于海天的《雅兴》和《沉浮》系列及其他

虽然在我们的感觉里，海天的画极富西方印象派的风格和元素，但就整体来说，他吸收的是西方画派精华的一面，而摒弃掉的则是糟粕。西方的印象派也好，抽象派、意象派、超级现实主义派和表现派也好，在具体感悟和呈现上是复杂的，二律背反的，从形而上静观到无意识宣泄，从理性经验到直觉冲动或向达式的玩世不恭，都怀有意料不到的兴趣。

一座“文革”纪念馆——评邵元亮的《沉浮铁恋录》

《沉浮铁恋录》起到了“文革”纪念馆的作用 ;描写了主人公坚贞、崇高的爱情 ;情节安排、人物形象塑造。

基于深度学习的“思想实验”案例研究——以《沉浮与什么因素有关》一课为例

"思想实验"是对前所未有的实验或潜在可能的实验进行预想,在脑海里进行理想化抽象和分析,并用假想的实验推理出结论。全课以观察实验为基础,以科学方法为指导,以任务驱动催化学生想象,以科学论证催生思辨,关注学生的思维参与和发展,促进学生对科学概念的深层次理解和建构。

以《沉浮与什么因素有关》一课为例谈合作学习有效性

在我们的科学课堂之上，还存在着那种看似热闹、成效较低的合作学习。从众多的科学课堂教学案例来分析，影响合作学习低效性的原因有很多，就目前的表现来看，是由以下几方面原因造成的：1、合作学习时机不当；2、组内氛围不合谐；3、合作学习目标不明确；4、老师监控不到位等。现以《沉浮与什么因素有关》一课教学为例，谈谈对合作学习有效性的些许想法。

底层观照与时代赞歌——《金鸡梦》解读

唐曾孝是一位令人称道的老作家。在我的书架上，唐老的著作虽然不是算最多的，但从《沉浮》《芝城烟雨》《永州之野的传说》《唐曾孝中短篇小说集》《潇湘如画》《石头会唱歌》《北流记》《舜文化与九疑山民间传说》等，林林总总，加起来也快有十来部了。尤其是唐老耄耋之年而仍笔耕不辍的精神，不能不令同道和朋友敬佩和称赞。

Effects of Aquatic Plants on the Feature of Sediment Resuspension in Lake Taihu

[Objective] The aim was to study effects of aquatic plants on resuspen- sion of sediment in Lake Taihu. [Method] New resuspension simulator was used in the research. Elodea nuttalli, submerged plant, and Phragmites australis, emergent aquatic plant, were grown in substrate sludge with varied planting density set. Study of simulation experiment on the feature of sediment resuspension was carried on under shearing stress of 0.2-0.5 N/m2 and agitation of 1-30 min. [Result] Aquatic plant growing would effectively reduce seston concentration in water. Concentrations of final Suspended Particulate Matter （SPM） in experimental groups and control groups were as follows： water without plant〉coverage of 30% of Elodea nuttalli〉cov- erage of 60% of Elodea nuttalli〉Phragmites australis with concentration of 50 stock/m2〉 coverage of 90% of Elodea nuttalli〉Phragmites australis with concentration of 80 stock/m2〉Phragmites australis with concentration of 150 stock/m2; SPM concentration showed a tendency from increasing to stable with change of stirring time under dif- ferent shearing stresses： SPM concentration was of severe change at early stage in barrel without aquatic plant while change of SPM concentration in barrel with aquatic plant was quite mild and grew smaller with concentration increasing; SPM concentration was reduced much more if Phragmites australis planted compared with that of Elodea nuttalli; under different shearing stresses, reduction of SPM concen- tration by increase of Phragmites australis area was much more than by increase of Elodea nuttalli area. [Conclusion] It would provide powerful scientific reference for control on aquatic environment through comprehensive research on the feature of sediment resuspension.

Study on the Seasonal Variation of the Suspended Sediment Distribution and Transportation in the East China Seas Based on SeaWiFS Data

The monthly mean suspended sediment concentration in the upper layer of the East China Seas was derived from the retrieval of the monthly binned SeaWiFS Level 3 data during 1998 to 2006. The seasonal variation and spatial distribution of the suspended sediment concentration in the study area were investigated. It was found that the suspended sediment distribution presents apparent spatial characteristics and seasonal variations, which are mainly affected by the resuspension and transportation of the suspended sediment in the study area. The concentration of suspended sediment is high inshore and low offshore, and river mouths are generally high concentration areas. The suspended sediment covers a much wider area in winter than in summer, and for the same site the concentration is generally higher in winter. In the Yellow and East China Seas the suspended sediment spreads farther to the open sea in winter than in summer, and May and October are the transitional periods of the extension. Winds, waves, currents, thermocline, halocline, pycnocline as well as bottom sediment feature and distribution in the study area are important influencing factors for the distribution pattern. If the 10rag L^-1 contour line is taken as an indicator, it appears that the transportation of suspended sediment can hardly reach 124^o00＇E in summer or 126^o00＇E in winter, which is due to the obstruction of the Taiwan Warm Current and the Kuroshio Current in the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.

The release behavior of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment during disturbance

Sediments and surface water were sampled in a tide flat in the Huiquan Bay, Qingdao, China in January 2004 to simulate the exchange of NH4-N/NO3-N/ PO 43- between sediments and surface water. A working system was designed with which samples were shaken at 60, 120 and 150 revolutions per minute (r/min). Experiment results show that NH4-N concentration in water at shaking rate of 60r/min decreased gradually, while at 120r/min increased gradually. In resuspension, fine-grained sediments contributed most NH4-N to the seawater, followed by medium-grained and coarse-grained sediments. The NO3-N concentration in water had a negative relation with the shaking rate; the medium-grained sediments contributed more NO3-N to seawater than the coarse-and fine-grained sediments. The PO 43- concentration is positively related with the shaking rate, the fine-grained sediments were the main N and P contributor to the seawater, followed by medium-and coarse-grained sediments.

Suspended Sediment Transport and Deposition in the Zhoushan Archipelago Sea Area

The transport mechanism and settlement characteristics of suspended sediments are analyzed in this article on the basis of measured data. Results indicate that the concentration and flux of suspended sediments decrease sharply from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by advection transport and gravitational circulation transport. The settling velocity of suspended sediments gradually decreases from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. The settlement of suspended sediments mainly takes place during the turning phase of the tidal currents.

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN YALU RIVER ESTUARY

Tidal cycle measurements of tidal currents, salinity and water tempe rature, and suspended sediment concentrations were measured at four stations, to gether with surveys along two profiles short core collection within the Yalu Riv er estuary. Grain size analysis of the three core sediment showed that: 1) the s ediment from B1 to B3 became finer, worse sorting and positively skewed; 2) the diversification of matter origin became more and more evident from east to west; 3) the sediments over the region were of the same origin, as indicated by their similar colors and grain sizes. The data indicated that stratification occurred in the flood season, from upstream to downstream, and a salt wedge was formed. The water column was well mixed, but the longitudinal gradient of the salinity w as larger on spring tide. The results also showed that the dominating mechanism of suspended sediment transport in the Yalu River estuary was T1, T2, T3 and T5. The non-tidal steady advection transport was restricted by the net transport o f suspended sediment induced by mass Stoked drift directed to landwards, then th e net sediment transport rate were decreased and the turbidity maxima was also f avored to forming and extending.

Experimental Research on Quantitative Inversion Models of Suspended Sediment Concentration Using Remote Sensing Technology

Research on quantitative models of suspended sediment concentration （SSC） using remote sensing technology is very important to understand the scouting and siltation variation in harbors and water channels. Based onlaboratory study of the relationship between different suspended sediment concentrations and reflectance spectra measured synchronously, quantitative inversion models of SSC based on single factor, band ratio and sediment parameter were developed, which provides an effective method to retrieve the SSC from satellite images. Results show that the bl （430-500nm） and b3 （670-735nm） are the optimal wavelengths for the estimation of lower SSC and the b4 （780-835nm） is the optimal wavelength to estimate the higher SSC. Furthermore the band ratio B2/B3 can be used to simulate the variation of lower SSC better and the B4/B1 to estimate the higher SSC accurately. Also the inversion models developed by sediment parameters of higher and lower SSCs can get a relatively higher accuracy than the single factor and band ratio models.

MOLAR RATIOS OF C,N,P OF PARTICULATE MATTER AND THEIR VERTICAL FLUXES IN THE YELLOW SEA

The vertical fluxes and molar ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of suspended particulate matter in the Yellow Sea were studied based on the analysis of suspended particulate matter, sediments and sinking particles obtained by use of moored sediment traps. The POC:PON ratios indicate that most of the particulate organic matter in the Yellow Sea water column comes from marine life rather than the continent. The vertical fluxes of SPM, POC, PON and POP in the Yellow Sea are much higher than those in other seas over the world, and present a typical pattern in shallow epicontinental seas. The estimated residence time of the bioactive elements showed that the speed of the biogeochemical process of materials in the Yellow Sea is much shorter than that in the open ocean as there was high primary productivity in this region.

Variation of Phosphorus Bioavailability in the Re-suspended Sediments

The variation of phosphorus （P） bioavailability in terms of water soluble P （WSP ）, readily desorbable P （RDP）, algal available P （AAP）, and NaHCo3 extracting P （Olsen-P） in the re-suspended sediments was investigated in laboratory experiments, in which the waters and sediments were taken from campus canal. The results indicate that sediment re-suspension can promote the migration, of soluble reactive P （SRP） from overlying water to sediments. The contents of AAP and Olsen-P in re-suspended sediments reduced obviously, whereas the values of the sediments in the control increased slightly, compared with the initial state, indicating that the P bioavailability in the sediments could be rcduced evidently due to sediment re-suspension. The content and characteristics of iron-bound P （BD-P） significantly affect the formation of AAP. The formation of OlservP has close relationship with the contents of BD-P, almninium-botmd P （AI-P）, and organic P （NaOH-nrP）.

Equilibrium bed—concentration of nonuniform sediment

Knowledge of the equilibrium bed-concentration is vital to mathematic a l modeling of the river-bed deformation associated with suspended load but prev i ous investigations only dealt with the reference concentration of uniform sedime nt because of difficulties in observation of the bed-concentration. This work i s a first attempt to develop a theoretical formula for the equilibrium bed-conce n tration of any fraction of nonuniform sediment defined at the bed-surface. The f ormula is based on a stochastic-mechanistic model for the exchange of nonunifor m sediment near the bed, and described as a function of incipient motion probabil ity, non-ceasing probability, pick-up probability, and the ratio of the averag e single-step continuous motion time to static time. Comparison of bed-concentra ti on calculated from the proposed formula with the measured data showed satisfacto ry agreement, indicating the present formula can be used for solving the differe ntial equation governing the motion of suspended load.

Effect of the column height on the performance of liquid-solid fluidized bed for the separation of coarse slime

A liquid-solid fluidized bed separator, used for the separation of coarse slime, was developed. Test parti- cles sized in the range from 0.25 to 0.5, 0.5 to 1.0, and 0.25 to 1.0 mm were separated in the liquid-solid fluidized bed. Beds with column heights of 1200, 1500, and 1800 mm were tried. The clean coal and the railings were subsequently analyzed by float-sink testing. The results showed that the ash and yield of clean coal both decreased with increasing column height, for all three size fractions, and that the ash of the clean coal obtained from tests on the broader size fraction was less than that from the narrower sized fractions. The separation density decreased with increasing column height. The lowest E value was seen for a column height of 1500 ram, for which conditions the separation density was 1.45 g/cm3. The E value was 0.084 for the 0.25-0.5 mm fraction but the corresponding separation density was 1.48 g/cm3, and the E value 0.089, for the broader 0.25-1.0 mm fraction.

Floating-roof steel tanks under harmonic settlement: FE parametric study and design criterion

Large vertical steel tanks for fluid storage are usually constructed on soft foundations, so it is not surprising that the tank wall will settle unevenly with the settlement of the foundation, thus inducing deformations and stresses in the tank. This work investigates the linear static behavior of floating-roof tanks under harmonic settlement through finite element (FE) analyses. The influences of the radius-to-thickness ratio, the height-to-radius ratio and the wind girder stiffness on the structural behavior are first analyzed. Comparisons between the circumferential stresses in the wind girder and the vertical stresses in the tank bottom are then made. The displacement and the stress along the tank height are also discussed, and the concept of tank division along its height is presented. Finally, a design approximation for the radial displacement at the tank top is developed based on FE results, and a settlement criterion based on the top radial displacement is proposed which can be used in practical design.

Breakage and separation mechanism of ZGM coal mill based on parameters optimization model

Sampling ports were firstly drilled on a ZGM95 coal mill in the power plant in China, and the coal samples from various points in the pulverizer were collected under the different operation conditions. The prop- erty of the sampling material from the mill was analyzed, applying the float-sink test, size distribution analysis, proximate analysis and so on. It was indicated that the ＋250 I^m fraction in the pulverized fuel accounted for only 0.02%, while it was 83.2% in the new feed. The circulating ratio and coal flow in the separator and the cone zone were calculated using the mass balance of the circulating load. So, the cir- culating ratio in the separator of the pulverizer was between 8 and 13, and the circulating ratio, the feed flow of separator and cone zone all raised with the increase of the air volume. Furthermore, the parameters of the separation functions were obtained based on the fitting method. It was shown that the mean value of the shape factor B was 0.7617, and the parameter D which is the particle size at 50% cumulative yield in the separator almost kept unchanged.

石膏药性功效辨析

石膏乃"泻热之圣药",始载《神农本草经》,辛、微寒,《名医别录》改为辛甘、大寒,《中药学》教材及《中国药典》也标为"大寒"。石膏辛甘后世无异议,大寒分歧较多。石膏本非大寒,乃清而和缓的微寒之性,寒凉之性虽不及黄连、黄柏、龙胆草等苦寒之品,清热能力远高于诸药;张仲景17首方剂用石膏,白虎汤因何重用石膏,微寒何能胜任阳明大热?石膏虽为微寒但质重气轻味辛,质重能坠热下趋,气轻可透热外出,味辛则横通郁结,热乃散消于无形之中,配知母苦寒增强清热之力;微寒亦是张锡纯用石膏之基础,治愈例证数以千计,少则三两,多则七八两,甚则达数斤,患愈之后,饮食有加,毫无寒胃之弊;无论经典文献或医家悬壶,均可证石膏"微寒"而并非"大寒",可放胆运用。石膏治烦乃取寒凉能清,质重能降,辛能散郁之性;大渴必为邪热深伤津重,胃为水谷之海、营卫之源,人参补中益气,鼓动水谷生化,方为治津伤口渴要药,仲景治阳明大渴必加人参;石膏只清邪热,切不可见表象而言石膏为止渴要药,更不可不见大渴而不投白虎于危难之中。石膏发汗,只发实热之汗,不发新受风寒之汗;内热壅盛无论有汗、无汗皆可用石膏,解肌发汗以清热,热清汗自止。石膏味辛能行、能散,微寒能清、能凉;能凉解郁热,消除热痛(因热致郁而痛)。结论:石膏质重气轻、性辛甘,微寒非大寒,能除烦不能生津止渴;解肌发汗只发身有实热之汗,不能发新受之风寒也;能凉解郁热,消除因热致郁而痛者。无论内伤外感、偏虚偏实,确有热者,投无不宜;合理配伍,对虚实并见、寒热错杂或因郁致热,因热致郁等证亦无不宜,即使大剂量运用亦无寒凉伤中之弊。正如王焘所言"石膏无毒有大益,乃养命上药,不可忽其贱而疑其寒"。

Non-linear Viscoelastic Rheological Properties of PCC/PEG Suspensions

The shear thinning and shear thickening rheological properties of PCC/PEG suspension were investigated with the increase of oscillatory amplitude stress at different constant frequencies. The results show that the complex viscosity was initially independent of stress amplitude and obvious shear thinning occurred, then dramatic shear thickening took place after reaching the minimum viscosity. Typically, in a constant frequency of 5 rad/s, the elastic modulus, viscous modulus, and tanδ （δ is the out-of-phase angle） vs. the stress amplitude was investigated. It is found that the elastic modulus initially appeared to be independent of stress amplitude and then exhibited a rapid decrease, but the viscous modulus was independent of amplitude stress at lower amplitude stress. After reaching the minimum value the viscous modulus showed a rapid increase. On the other hand, tanδ increased from 0.6 to 92, which indicates that the transition from elastic to viscous had taken place and tanδ showed a steep increase when shear thickening occurred. Lissajous plots are shown for the dissipated energy vs. different maximum stress amplitude in the shear thinning and shear thickening regions. The relationship of dissipated energy vs. maximum stress amplitude was determined, which follows a power law. In the shear thinning region the exponent was 1.91, but it steeply increases to 3.97 in the shear thickening region.