明代草原法的文化解读——以《蒙古-卫拉特法典》为主要法据

明代草原法是中华法系的一个重要组成部分,它们特指北元时期蒙古族的游牧法,其法源根植于蒙古族毡帐百姓和森林部落的社会生活条件和法制传统。明代草原法多样性的形式渊源有习惯法、地方性法规、部族法规,其代表作分别是成吉思汗的《大札撒》、《俺答汗法典》和旧《察津.必扯克》,它们产生的历史渊源可以追溯到卫拉特部落的历史和文化根轴条件。而《卫拉特法典》则是卫拉特本土法治经验的整合,它彰显了跨越时空的法律文化价值,因而更具游牧民族生态成文法典的特色。

形体论:法典编纂不可回避的问题——《法典论》读后

穗积陈重所著《法典论》一书将法典编纂论本质定位为形体论,以翔实史料为基础,致力于法典形体论的构建路径探究,为法典建构提供了有益视角。法典形体论主要指涉法典外在形体及其构建路径,形体论的研究在传达法典实质精神,维持法典形式理性方面具有重要作用。法典形体的建构是一项系统工程,应当遵从实质精神的指导,发挥法律者的主导作用,并明确法典形体构建的路径认知。法典形体在宏观上应以权利为导向,中观上以合理结构为追求,并在微观上选择明确的用语。《法典论》中的立法技术对于我国民法典编纂具有重大助益。

比较民法史:力量与弱点——《法典、习俗与司法实践:清代与民国的比较》评介

《法典、习俗与司法实践：清代与民国的比较》是黄宗智先生继《清代的法律、社会与文化：民法的表达与实践》后，关于中国法律史的第二本专著。作为一个汉学家，从其学术脉络上看，他最先关注的是中国的社会经济史。

欧盟新《海关法典》5月起执行

欧盟新版《海关法典》于5月1日起实施。新《法典》将简化海关程序，提供更加清晰的规则确保公平待遇，确立共同数据要求以确保数据无缝交换，提高风险管理，打击非法物品贸易、恐怖主义和其他犯罪行为。

世界动物卫生组织对口蹄疫区域化的要求

口蹄疫（Food and Mouth，FMD）是世界动物卫生组织（World Organisation for Animal Health， OIE）进行区域化研究并应用于国际动物、动物产品贸易最早、最成熟的疫病之一。为了持续推动口蹄疫区域化的国际认可进程，在不同年度的OIE《陆生动物卫生法典》（以下简称《法典》）版本中，都在不断丰富和完善有关动物疫病区域化的定义、一般要求、实施和应用以及口蹄疫区域化认可标准等方面的内容。本文以2013版《法典》为主要依据，全面梳理OIE对FMD区域化的一般要求、认可程序和认可标准，希望对我国动物疫病区域化建设以及我国对国外动物疫病区域化认可体系建设有一定的借鉴作用。

砖块铺地的故事

对于方程组fi(x1,x2,…xj)=0(i=1,2…,n;j=1,2,…,m,m>n)，一般情况下，当没有其他条件限制时，满足方程组的解无穷无尽，非常自由，真是“大海从鱼跃，长空任鸟飞”(宋代阮阅《诗总》)。如果附加一些条件(最典型的就是规定所有的xi均为整数，此时解这个方程叫做不定分析)。解域就显得碍手碍脚，必须小心探索，得来很费功夫。其中变幻多方、秘奥莫测：有的有通解，如勾股数公式；有的有若干组解，如百鸡问题；有的有唯一解；有的干脆在偌大一数集中无解，如费马大定理。

汉语“语法”的源流

本文讨论汉语的"语法"概念及术语的起源和流变。从中国的语言研究史看,中国传统的"语法"概念是广义的。它不等于单纯的"词法"加"句法",还包括"章法"和"篇法"。汉语"语法"概念的狭义化是受西方影响的结果。

Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlordiazepoxide Using Its Charge-transfer Complex with 2,4-Dinitrophenol

A new simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of chlordiazepoxide is described, based on the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenol in water medium, apparently by a charge-transfer mechanism, to yield 1:1 complex with maximum absorption at 444 nm. Optimum experimental conditions for the determination have been studied. The linear calibration range, apparent molar absorptivity and relative standard deviation are 2.8~96.0 mgmL-1, 1.48103 and 0.32%, respectively. The method is accurate and has been successfully applied to the determination of chlordiazpoxide in tablets. The results are in good agreement with those obtained with the official method.

Matrix dimensionality reduction for mining typical user profiles

Recently clustering techniques have been used to automatically discover typical user profiles. In general, it is a challenging problem to design effective similarity measure between the session vectors which are usually high-dimensional and sparse. Two approaches for mining typical user profiles, based on matrix dimensionality reduction, are presented. In these approaches, non-negative matrix factorization is applied to reduce dimensionality of the session-URL matrix, and the projecting vectors of the user-session vectors are clustered into typical user-session profiles using the spherical k -means algorithm. The results show that two algorithms are successful in mining many typical user profiles in the user sessions.

Simulation and comparison of several numerical algorithms for solving ballistic differential equations

Several numerical methods of differential equations and their applications in ballistic calculation are discussed for the purpose of simplification of the dynamic differential equations of projectile trajectory.Program simulations of Euler method,Heun method,lassic fourth-order Runge Kutta（RK4）method,ABM method and Hamming method are achieved based on Matlab.In addtion,the approximate solutions,local truncation errors and calculation time of the dynamic differential equations are obtained.By analyzing the simultaion results,the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are compared,which provides a basis for choice of ballistic calculation methods.

Theoretical Study on Stereodynamics of Reactions of N（^2D）＋H2→NH＋H and N（^2D）＋D2→ND＋D

The vector correlations between products and reagents for the title reactions have been calculated by the quasi-classical trajectory method at a collision energy of 21.32 kJ/mol on an accurate potential energy surface of Ho et al. （J. Chem. Phys. 119, 3063 （2003））. The peaks of the product angular distribution are found to be in both backward and forward directions for the two title reactions. The product rotational angular momentum is not only aligned, but also oriented along the negative direction of y-axis. These theoretical results are in good agreement with recent experimental findings for the two title reactions. The isotopic effect is also revealed and primarily attributed to the difference of the mass factor in the two title reactions.

Peak shaving operation optimization of high proportion new energypower generation considering wind-solar complementationand source-load coupling

To optimize peaking operation when high proportion new energy accesses to power grid,evaluation indexes are proposed which simultaneously consider wind-solar complementation and source-load coupling.A typical wind-solar power output scene model based on peaking demand is established which has anti-peaking characteristic.This model uses balancing scenes and key scenes with probability distribution based on improved Latin hypercube sampling(LHS)algorithm and scene reduction technology to illustrate the influence of wind-solar on peaking demand.Based on this,a peak shaving operation optimization model of high proportion new energy power generation is established.The various operating indexes after optimization in multi-scene peaking are calculated,and the ability of power grid peaking operation is compared whth that considering wind-solar complementation and source-load coupling.Finally,a case of high proportion new energy verifies the feasibility and validity of the proposed operation strategy.

Symmetries and Exact Solutions of the Breaking Soliton Equation

With the aid of the classical Lie group method and nonclassical Lie group method,we derive the classicalLie point symmetry and the nonclassical Lie point symmetry of (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton (BS)equation.Usingthe symmetries,we find six classical similarity reductions and two nonclassical similarity reductions of the BS equation.Varieties of exact solutions of the BS equation are obtained by solving the reduced equations.

A Research on Bilingual Dictionary Based Sentence Alignment for Chinese English Parallel Corpus

Parallel corpus is of great importance to machine translation, and automatic sentence alignment is the first step towards its processing. This paper puts forward a bilingual dictionary based sentence alignment method for Chinese English parallel corpus, which differs from previous length based algorithm in its knowledge-rich approach. Experimental result shows that this method produces over 93% accuracy with usual English-Chinese dictionaries whose translations cover 31 88%～47 90% of the corpus.

Darboux Transformations and Soliton Solutions for Classical Boussinesq-Burgers Equation

Two basic Darboux transformations of a spectral problem associated with a classical Boussinesq-Burgersequation are presented in this letter.They are used to generate new solutions of the classical Boussinesq-Burgersequation.

Brownian Motion of a Test Particle with a Normal Classical Velocity in Spacetime with a Plane Boundary

We study the random motion of a charged test particle with a normal classical constant velocity in a spacetime with a perfectly reflecting plane boundary and calculate both the velocity and position dispersions of the test particle. Our results show that the dispersions in the normal direction are weakened while those in the parallel directions are strengthened as compared to the classical static case when the test particle classically moves away from the boundary. However, if the classical motion reverses its direction, then the dispersions in the normal direction are reinforced while those in the parallel directions get weakened.

Mechanism of action of cracks water on rock landslide in rainfall

In worldwide, the most common triggering factor of rock landslides is extended and intense rainfall. However, different from the soil slope failure caused by softening action of infiltration rainwater, the mechanism of rock landslide in rainfall is not clear. From the view of fracture mechanics, the propagation of cracks on rock slope and the development of sliding surface were researched. Then based on hydraulics formulas and using Sweden arc method, the influence of crack water on stability of rock slope was quantitatively studied. Finally, an example was given to check the theoretical approach. The result shows that the development of sliding surface of rock slope is mainly caused by crack propagation under hydrostatic pressure when the stress intensity factor KI at crack tip is bigger than the toughness index of rock fractures Klc, and the failure of slope is the result of hydraulic action of crack water and the softening of materials on sliding surface when the depth of crack water is bigger than a minimum value hmin.

Quasi-Classical Trajectory Study on O＋＋DH（v=0,j=0）→OD＋＋H Reaction at Different Collision Energy

The quasi-classical trajectory calculations O＋＋DH（v=0,j=0）→OD＋＋H reactions on the RODRIGO potential energy surface have been carried out to study the isotope effect on stereo-dynamics at the collision energies of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 eV. The distributions of dihedral angle P（~r） and the distributions of P（Or） are discussed. Furthermore, the angular distributions of the product rotational vectors in the form of polar plot in θr and φr are calculated. The differential cross section shows interesting phenomenon that the reaction is dominated by the direct reaction mechanism. Reaction probability and reaction cross section are also calculated. The calculations indicate that the stereo-dynamics properties of the title reactions are sensitive to the collision energy.

Theories and Applications of Mixed Quantum-Classical Non-adiabatic Dynamics

Electronically non-adiabatic processes are essential parts of photochemical process, collisions of excited species, electron transfer processes, and quantum information processing. Various non-adiabatic dynamics methods and their numerical implementation have been developed in the last decades. This review summarizes the most significant development of mixed quantum-classical methods and their applications which mainly include the Liouville equa- tion, Ehrenfest mean-field, trajectory surface hopping, and multiple spawning methods. The recently developed quantum trajectory mean-field method that accounts for the decoherence corrections in a parameter-free fashion is discussed in more detail.