《泰森》:“击”情岁月

影片《泰森》让我们前所未有地走近迈克·泰森，深入了解他。片中，这位前职业拳击手亲自担当旁白者，带我们回顾他迂回的人生路程。与制片人詹姆斯·托拜克合作，这位闻名遐迩也曾一度臭名昭著的拳王泰森得以用他的方式讲述他复杂而曲折的一生。然而，尽管这部片子告诉了我们很多关于泰森的事，但其实它更多地反映出我们每个人内心的矛盾面。

Morphological Variation of Donax spp. from Five Beaches in Prachaupkhirikhan, Thailand

Five hundred samples ofDonax spp. were collected from five beaches （Khao Tao, Sea Pine Garden, Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod, and Sam Phraya） in Prachaupkhirikhan province, Thailand. Five morphological variables of each individual were measured and analyzed to reveal morphological variation. The discriminant function analysis of morphology suggested a clear separation into two groups. The individuals from Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden were grouped together while individuals from Pran Buri Forest Park, Sam Roi Yod and Sam Phraya were classified into the same group. The classification function of discriminant function analysis suggested that 70% of Khao Tao population, 70% of Sea Pine Garden population, 67% of Pran Buri Forest Park population, 64% of Sam Roi Yod population and 34% of Sam Phraya population of Donax spp. could be correctly reassigned by morphology. The misclassification individuals of Sam Phraya population were assigned to Pran Buri Forest Park and Sam Roi Yod population with the correct assignment 38% and 27%, respectively. The results obtained in this study based on morphological variation indicated that Khao Tao and Sea Pine Garden populations ofDonax spp. should be treated as separated units from the other three populations for conservation management. However, the result should be confirmed again as genetic level.

Prediction of Dry Dipterocarp Forest Distribution Using Ecological Niche Model in Ping Basin of Northern Thailand

DDF （dry dipterocarp forest） is importantly deciduous forest type in Thailand since it consists of important tree species for timber products and non-timber products. So, people would like to come to use these products for daily uses in this forest type. The main aim of this study is to evaluate significant biophysical factors for DDF distribution using factor analysis and to model DDF distribution using ENFA （ecological niche factor analysis）. In this study, 13 watersheds of Ping Basin in northern Thailand were selected as the study site based on availability of forest inventory data in 2007 from DNP （Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation）. Basic biophysical data for data analysis included forest inventory data （179 DDF plots）, 10 climatic data, three topographic data, and one soil data. For identification and evaluation of biophysical factors for DDF distribution using factor analysis, the first three factors, namely DDF-1, DDF-2 and DDF-3, had been extracted with 95.35% of total variance. These three components were used to predict DDF distribution based on HS （habitat suitability） with ENFA. In practice, the results were validated with AVI （absolute validation index） and CVI （contrast validation index） with validated forest inventory dataset. This evaluation shows that DDF-2 model is the best HS data consisting of four physical factors （mean annually temperature, mean monthly maximum temperature, mean monthly minimum temperature, and elevation）, which is able to effectively used for habitat suitability for DDF distribution prediction. It was found that habitat suitability for DDF distribution can be classified into four classes including high suitable habitat, moderate suitable habitat, low suitable habitat, and unsuitable habitat. As a result, DDF distributions with high suitable habitat are highly related with DDF forest inventory plots of DNP. Thus, the obtained output can be further used for DDF rehabilitation according to climate and topographic factors.

拳王已死泰森复生

虽然拳王已退隐江湖，但他依然为我们制造着快乐：他参演的《宿醉》获第67届电影金球奖音乐／喜剧类最佳影片大奖；纪录片《泰森》获2008年戛纳电影节“一种关注”单元金奖；在奥普拉访谈节目中，泰森与霍利菲尔德相逢一笑泯恩仇；他谈起自己辞世的女儿时潸然泪下…

拳王已死 泰森复生

虽然拳王已退隐江湖，但他依然为我们制造着快乐：他参演的《宿醉》获第67届电影金球奖音乐/喜剧类最佳影片大奖；纪录片《泰森》获2008年戛纳电影节“一种关注”单元金奖；在去年的奥普拉访谈节目中，泰森与霍利菲尔德相逢一笑泯恩仇；近日，他谈起自己辞世的女儿时潸然泪下…”

Evaluation of TRMM 3B42 Precipitation Product Using Rain Gauge Data in Meichuan Watershed, Poyang Lake Basin, China

This study evaluated Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis （TMPA） product i.e. TRMM 3B42 data, using data from 52 rain gauge stations around the Meichuan watershed, which is a representative watershed of Poyang Lake basin in China. Both the latest Version 7 （V7） and previous Version 6 （V6） of TRMM 3B42 data were compared and evaluated for a 9-year period covering 2001-2005 and 2007-2010. The evaluations were conducted at different spatial （grid and watershed） and temporal （daily, monthly and annual） scales. For evaluation at grid scale, the Thiessen polygon method was used to transform pointed-based rain gauge data to areal precipitation at the same grid scale （0.25°） as TRMM 3B42 data. The results showed that there was little difference in performances of V6 and V7 TRMM 3B42 products. Overall, both V6 and V7 products slightly overestimated precipitation with a bias of 0.04. At daily scale, both V6 and V7 data were considered to be unreliable with large relative RMSE （135%-199%） at the two spatial scales, and they were deficient in capturing large storms. These results suggest that local calibration with rain gauge data should be conducted before V6 and V7 TRMM 3B42 data are used at daily scale. At monthly and annual scales, V6 and V7 TRMM 3B42 data match the rain gauge data well （R2=0.91-0.99, relative RMSE = 4%-23%） at both grid and watershed scale and thus have good potential for hydrological applications.

Soil Organic Carbon Loss and Turnover Resulting from Forest Conversion to Maize Fields in Eastern Thailand

Soil organic carbon(SOC) content and its stable carbon isotopic composition(within the upper 1 m) were measured to determine the e?ect of land-use changes from dry evergreen forest to maize fields in eastern Thailand.Digital land cover maps,derived from aerial photography and satellite images for years 1989,1996,and 2002 were used in association with field surveys and farmer interviews to derive land-use history and to assist in study site selection.Conversion from forest to maize cultivation for the duration of 12 years reduced SOC stocks at the rate of 6.97 Mg C ha-1 year-1.Reduction was most pronounced in the top 10 cm soil layer,which was 47% after 12 years of cultivation.Stable carbon isotope data revealed that the main fraction lost was forest-derived C.Generally low input rates of maize-derived C were not sufficient to maintain SOC at the level prior to forest conversion.After 12 years of continuous maize cultivation,the maize-derived C fraction made up about 20% of total SOC(5 Mg ha-1 of the total 25.31 Mg ha-1).

Practice and Use of Tree Species in Urban Forestry in Thailand

Urban forestry is now increasingly practiced in Thailand. This has gained impetus because ofgradual deterioration of visual amenity and environmental quality in many of the rapidly developing urbancenters. Various urban beautification programs are being implemented to rehabilitate blighted landscape,polluted atmosphere and deteriorating weather conditions, as well as to maintain a clean, healthy and pleasantenvironment so as to ensure a better quality of life. Planting of suitable trees for shade, climatic ameliorationand aesthetic values form the principal activity under these beautification programs. It is regarded as not onlyan important component of socio-economic development but also contributive to the restoration of the urbanecosystem. The responsibility of the implementation of most of these programs falls to the BangkokMetropolitan, Administration, Provincial and District Municipalities. The Royal Forest Department playsthe supporting role of supplying seedlings of the species required for planting and providing technical adviceon the growing of these trees. In this paper tree species commonly planted in urban and populated areas inThailand are identified. It is envisaged that with the vast amount of flora available in Thailand and through theintegrated efforts of all agencies involved, this program will achieve the target of beautifying the cities andtowns of Thailand.