The Okinawa Trough is a very active tectonic zone at the margin of the Northwest Pacific and is typical of back arc rifting at the young stage of tectonic evolution. Many scientists from Japan, China, Germany, France,...The Okinawa Trough is a very active tectonic zone at the margin of the Northwest Pacific and is typical of back arc rifting at the young stage of tectonic evolution. Many scientists from Japan, China, Germany, France, the U.S.A. and Russia have done a lot of geologic and geophysical investigations there. It is well known that the Okinawa Trough is an active back arc rift with extremely high heat flow, very strong hydrothermal circulation, strong volcanic and magmatic activity, frequent earthquakes, rapid subsidence and rifting, well developed fault and central graben. But up to now, there are still some important tectonic problems about the Okinawa Trough that require clarification on some aspects such as the type of its crust, its forming time, its tectonic evolution, the distribution of its central grabens, the relationship between its high heat flow and tectonic activity. Based on the data obtained from seismic survey, geomagnetic and gravity measurements, submarine sampling and heat flow measurements in the last 15 years, the author discusses the following tectonic problems about the Okinawa Trough: (1) If the Okinawa Trough develops oceanic crust or not. (2) Is the South Okinawa Trough tectonically more active than the North Okinawa Trough with shallower water and few investigation data on it. (3) The formation time of the Okinawa Trough and its tectonic evolution. The Okinawa Trough has a very thin continental crust. Up to now, there is no evidence of oceanic crust in the Okinawa Trough. The North, Middle and South Okinawa Trough are all very strongly active areas. From 6 Ma B.P., the Okinawa Trough began to form. Since 2 Ma, the Okinawa Trough has been very active.展开更多
The depth of upper fault point is the key data for ascertaining the active age of a buried fault on a plain. The difference of depth obtained from same fault may be dozens to several hundred meters when using differen...The depth of upper fault point is the key data for ascertaining the active age of a buried fault on a plain. The difference of depth obtained from same fault may be dozens to several hundred meters when using different geophysical methods. It can result in the absolutely opposite conclusions when judging fault activity. Because of a lack of an artificial earthquake source with wide band and high central frequency, many kinds of methods have to be used together. The higher the frequency of the artificial earthquake wave, electromagnetic wave and sonic wave, the higher the resolution. However the attenuation is also very fast and the exploration depth is very shallow. The reverse is also true. The frequency of artificial seismic waves is in the tens of Hz. Its exploration depth is big and the resolution is poor. The frequency of radar electromagnetic waves is about a million Hz, indicating that the resolving power is better, but the exploration depth is very shallow. However, the acoustic frequency is thousands of Hz, its resolving power is better than that of the artificial earthquake method and the exploration depth is larger than that of the radar method. So it is suitable for extra shallow exploration in the thick deposit strata of the Quaternary. The preliminary results detected using the high frequency acoustic method in extra shallow layers indicates that previous inferences about some fault activity in the eastern part of the North China plain may need to be greatly corrected.展开更多
Emotional and social lives which come from life are higher than life. Due to the geographical environment, lifestyle, history of every nation and region are so different, it forms a distinctive folk dance. Folk dance,...Emotional and social lives which come from life are higher than life. Due to the geographical environment, lifestyle, history of every nation and region are so different, it forms a distinctive folk dance. Folk dance, also known as folk dance, traditional dance, is different from ballet performances and other kind of dance. It is a dance which is closely related with people＇s daily life, and matches with the local music, clothing closely. You can obviously see that the regional style colors, forms are very rich. Therefore dance education has become an important part in our country.展开更多
Rize has a different and special flora because of its geographical position, climate, and topography. The natural plants of Rize have a very big usage potential and value in some sort of intrustrial branches. In parti...Rize has a different and special flora because of its geographical position, climate, and topography. The natural plants of Rize have a very big usage potential and value in some sort of intrustrial branches. In particular, the antimicrobial activity of natural plant oils and extracts has formed the basis of many applications, including raw and processed food preservation, pharmaceuticals, alternative medicine and natural therapies： These natural plants can be listed as follows： Artemisia absinthium L., Achi[[ea millefolium L., Astragalus schizopterus Boiss, Ajuga orientalis L., Humulus lupulus L,, Mentha longifolia L., Melissa officinalis L., Thymus pseudopulegioides Klokov et Des., Plantago major L., Rhus L., Hypericum perforatum L., Camellia chinensis L., Taraxacum officinale Wobb., duniperus communis L., etc.. In the present study, the bio-eco-morphological features of some antimicrobial activity plants, their active substance content, their effectuality and usage as traditional medicine in Rize region were discussed. It was observed that these herbs are preferred by experts and they are sold in the neighborhood markets and spice stores, and the local people are quite interested in these medicinal herbs.展开更多
A central tenet of coevolutionary theory,including theory of the coevolutionary relationship between brood parasites and their hosts,is that temporal and spatial patterns may reveal important information about ecologi...A central tenet of coevolutionary theory,including theory of the coevolutionary relationship between brood parasites and their hosts,is that temporal and spatial patterns may reveal important information about ecological and evolutionary dynamics.For instance,level of genetic structure of populations provides important information about the role of genetics and gene ow in determining local patterns of selection on hosts due to parasitism(i.e.,egg rejection) and on parasites due to selection by hosts(i.e.,egg mimicry).Furthermore,abiotic(i.e.,climatic conditions) and biotic(phenotypic characteristics of animals) factors that also vary spatially may directly or indirectly a ect populations of hosts and brood parasites and,therefore,their interaction.By reviewing the literature,we found considerable evidence for an e ect of the spatially and temporally structured abiotic environment on the phenotype of both parasite and host eggs and the degree of mimicry.Moreover,we found examples suggesting that speci c life history characteristics of hosts that vary geographically and/or temporally may a ect the probability of initial colonization of a new host species and the direction and the speed of coevolution.We provide an exhaustive review of studies investigating temporal and spatial patterns of the interaction between brood parasites and their hosts.Such temporal and spatial trends in parasite and host traits are,together with genetic information on rejection and signi cant e ects of gene ow,consistent with coevolutionary dynamics.However,gene ow and changes in the temporal and spatial patterns of abundance of both parasites and hosts may result in frequent cases of counter-intuitive relationships between the phenotype of the parasite and that of the host(i.e.,poor or no mimicry),which may suggest limits to the degree of adaptation.We provide a list of scienti c questions in need of further investigation,concluding that studies of brood parasites and their hosts may play a central role in testing the geographic theory of coevolution and several alternative hypotheses.展开更多
文摘The Okinawa Trough is a very active tectonic zone at the margin of the Northwest Pacific and is typical of back arc rifting at the young stage of tectonic evolution. Many scientists from Japan, China, Germany, France, the U.S.A. and Russia have done a lot of geologic and geophysical investigations there. It is well known that the Okinawa Trough is an active back arc rift with extremely high heat flow, very strong hydrothermal circulation, strong volcanic and magmatic activity, frequent earthquakes, rapid subsidence and rifting, well developed fault and central graben. But up to now, there are still some important tectonic problems about the Okinawa Trough that require clarification on some aspects such as the type of its crust, its forming time, its tectonic evolution, the distribution of its central grabens, the relationship between its high heat flow and tectonic activity. Based on the data obtained from seismic survey, geomagnetic and gravity measurements, submarine sampling and heat flow measurements in the last 15 years, the author discusses the following tectonic problems about the Okinawa Trough: (1) If the Okinawa Trough develops oceanic crust or not. (2) Is the South Okinawa Trough tectonically more active than the North Okinawa Trough with shallower water and few investigation data on it. (3) The formation time of the Okinawa Trough and its tectonic evolution. The Okinawa Trough has a very thin continental crust. Up to now, there is no evidence of oceanic crust in the Okinawa Trough. The North, Middle and South Okinawa Trough are all very strongly active areas. From 6 Ma B.P., the Okinawa Trough began to form. Since 2 Ma, the Okinawa Trough has been very active.
文摘The depth of upper fault point is the key data for ascertaining the active age of a buried fault on a plain. The difference of depth obtained from same fault may be dozens to several hundred meters when using different geophysical methods. It can result in the absolutely opposite conclusions when judging fault activity. Because of a lack of an artificial earthquake source with wide band and high central frequency, many kinds of methods have to be used together. The higher the frequency of the artificial earthquake wave, electromagnetic wave and sonic wave, the higher the resolution. However the attenuation is also very fast and the exploration depth is very shallow. The reverse is also true. The frequency of artificial seismic waves is in the tens of Hz. Its exploration depth is big and the resolution is poor. The frequency of radar electromagnetic waves is about a million Hz, indicating that the resolving power is better, but the exploration depth is very shallow. However, the acoustic frequency is thousands of Hz, its resolving power is better than that of the artificial earthquake method and the exploration depth is larger than that of the radar method. So it is suitable for extra shallow exploration in the thick deposit strata of the Quaternary. The preliminary results detected using the high frequency acoustic method in extra shallow layers indicates that previous inferences about some fault activity in the eastern part of the North China plain may need to be greatly corrected.
文摘Emotional and social lives which come from life are higher than life. Due to the geographical environment, lifestyle, history of every nation and region are so different, it forms a distinctive folk dance. Folk dance, also known as folk dance, traditional dance, is different from ballet performances and other kind of dance. It is a dance which is closely related with people＇s daily life, and matches with the local music, clothing closely. You can obviously see that the regional style colors, forms are very rich. Therefore dance education has become an important part in our country.
文摘Rize has a different and special flora because of its geographical position, climate, and topography. The natural plants of Rize have a very big usage potential and value in some sort of intrustrial branches. In particular, the antimicrobial activity of natural plant oils and extracts has formed the basis of many applications, including raw and processed food preservation, pharmaceuticals, alternative medicine and natural therapies： These natural plants can be listed as follows： Artemisia absinthium L., Achi[[ea millefolium L., Astragalus schizopterus Boiss, Ajuga orientalis L., Humulus lupulus L,, Mentha longifolia L., Melissa officinalis L., Thymus pseudopulegioides Klokov et Des., Plantago major L., Rhus L., Hypericum perforatum L., Camellia chinensis L., Taraxacum officinale Wobb., duniperus communis L., etc.. In the present study, the bio-eco-morphological features of some antimicrobial activity plants, their active substance content, their effectuality and usage as traditional medicine in Rize region were discussed. It was observed that these herbs are preferred by experts and they are sold in the neighborhood markets and spice stores, and the local people are quite interested in these medicinal herbs.
文摘A central tenet of coevolutionary theory,including theory of the coevolutionary relationship between brood parasites and their hosts,is that temporal and spatial patterns may reveal important information about ecological and evolutionary dynamics.For instance,level of genetic structure of populations provides important information about the role of genetics and gene ow in determining local patterns of selection on hosts due to parasitism(i.e.,egg rejection) and on parasites due to selection by hosts(i.e.,egg mimicry).Furthermore,abiotic(i.e.,climatic conditions) and biotic(phenotypic characteristics of animals) factors that also vary spatially may directly or indirectly a ect populations of hosts and brood parasites and,therefore,their interaction.By reviewing the literature,we found considerable evidence for an e ect of the spatially and temporally structured abiotic environment on the phenotype of both parasite and host eggs and the degree of mimicry.Moreover,we found examples suggesting that speci c life history characteristics of hosts that vary geographically and/or temporally may a ect the probability of initial colonization of a new host species and the direction and the speed of coevolution.We provide an exhaustive review of studies investigating temporal and spatial patterns of the interaction between brood parasites and their hosts.Such temporal and spatial trends in parasite and host traits are,together with genetic information on rejection and signi cant e ects of gene ow,consistent with coevolutionary dynamics.However,gene ow and changes in the temporal and spatial patterns of abundance of both parasites and hosts may result in frequent cases of counter-intuitive relationships between the phenotype of the parasite and that of the host(i.e.,poor or no mimicry),which may suggest limits to the degree of adaptation.We provide a list of scienti c questions in need of further investigation,concluding that studies of brood parasites and their hosts may play a central role in testing the geographic theory of coevolution and several alternative hypotheses.
