《海洋经济》征稿简则

《海洋经济》(MARINE ECONOMY)是由自然资源部主管,国家海洋信息中心主办,中国太平洋学会太平洋区域海洋经济分会、中国海洋大学、上海海洋大学、中山大学协办的综合性学术期刊(双月刊),国际标准连续出版物号:ISSN 2095-1647,国内统一连续出版物号:CN 12-1424/P,国内外公开发行。

唐山在全国率先制定出《海洋经济发展战略规则》

河北省唐山市近期制定完成了《唐山市海洋经济发展战略规则》，据悉，该项规则的实施将使唐山海洋经济更加有序地持续健康发展。这是自2003年5月国务院印发《全国海洋经济发展规划纲要》以来，我国第一个沿海城市出台的海洋规则。

唐山在全国率先制定出《海洋经济发展战略规划》

河北省唐山市近期制定完成了《唐山市海洋经济发展战略规划》,据悉,该项规划的实施将使唐山海洋经济更加有序地持续健康发展。这是自2003年5月国务院颁发《全国海洋经济发展规划纲要》以来,我国第一个沿海城市出台的海洋规划。

Chinese Marine Economy Development: Dynamic Evolution and Spatial Difference

This study focuses on China's coastal area and its marine economic development. Applying the information diffusion method, the study establishes a kernel density function and its decomposition using a marine economic per capita as the index of the model to depict the dynamic evolution law and the internal influential factors of the Chinese marine economy during 1996–2013. The relative development rate was introduced to analyze the spatial differences in the marine economy's development. In this way, space and time dimensions fully characterized the evolution of the Chinese marine economy. Additionally, the influence of growth and inequality in the process of its development can be analyzed. The study shows that the Chinese marine economy as a whole has been growing, and regional marine economic development is relatively coordinated. In addition, the marine economy began to develop even more rapidly after 2004. There are three factors affecting the dynamic evolution of China's marine economy: first, the most influential mean effect, followed by, second, the variance effect, and third, the least influential residual effect. The biggest influence on the dynamic evolution of the marine economy is the improvement of the development level of the marine economy in the coastal area. Meanwhile, due to the existence of inequality, provinces at higher development levels are more dispersed. Furthermore, the existence of the residual effect weakens the influence of the mean effect, and the influence on the dynamic evolution of the marine economy continuously increases. In the analysis of the influencing factors of the evolution and spatial difference of marine economic development, the level of opening to the outside world, the level of investment in fixed assets and the industrial structure have a positive role in promoting economic development. However, capital investment in scientific human research has a negative correlation with economic development, and does not pass the significant test. The difference in regional development levels and development speed is also very apparent; namely, the provinces with higher development levels generally displayed faster development speeds while those with lower development levels showed slower development speeds across the four periods analyzed.

BOTTLENECK" AND COUNTERMEASURE OF HIGH-TECHNOLOGIZATION OF MARINE INDUSTRY IN CHINA

This article deeply researched into the existent five problems and four main "bottlenecks" in the high-technologization of marine industry in China on the basis of analyzing the new trends in international marine problems and the necessity of implementing the strategy of developing China based on marine. This article brought up specific measures to the five "bottlenecks" according to the situations, and pointed out that new marine industry should be high-technologization and the traditional marine industry should be reformed by high-technique. The research results may provide the scientific basis for realizing the high-technologization of marine industry in China.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN CHINA

China is a large marine country. Developing marine economy is an effective way to solve a series of problems with which man is faced, such as the want of natural resources, space limitation, the environmental deterioration, etc. This article analyzes the rich resources of marine biology, harbor, offshore oil and natural gas and coastal tourism resources in China and describes the developing features and regional differences of marine economy. To realize the sustainable development of marine economy in China, what we need to do are as follows: 1) to list exploiting ocean into national development strategy; 2) to realize integrated economy of sea and land; 3) to develop ocean by science and technology; 4) to perfect legal institution of marine environment: 5) to establish new idea of sea defending. KEY WORDS: marine resources: marine economy; marine industrial structure; sustainable development

A Study on China＇s Marine Rights and Interests and Their Maintenance

Marine rights and interests is an important part of national sovereignty, it is also an important part of national interests. At present, the maritime economy and coastline security of China is facing some new situation and challenges. In view of the strategic significance and maritime situation of ocean development, it needs to work out a feasible ocean strategy of China from the need of safeguarding the interests of the whole country urgently. We must establish the maintenance strategies of China＇s marine rights and interests in order to realize the sustainable development of marine fights and interests.

Studies on the Effects on Growth and Antioxidant Responses of Two Marine Microalgal Species to Uniconazole

Uniconazole, as a plant growth retardant, can enhance stress tolerance in plants, possibly because of improved antioxidation defense mechanisms with higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) enzymes that retard lipid peroxidation and membrane deterioration. These years much attention has been focused on the responses of antioxidant system in plants to uniconazole stress, but such studies on aquatic organism are very few. Moreover, no information is available on growth and antioxidant response in marine microalgae to uniconazole. In this paper, the growth and antioxidant responses of two marine microalgal species, Platymonas helgolandica and Pavlova viridis, at six uniconazole concentrations(0-15 mg L-1) were investigated. The results demonstrated that 3 mg L-1 uniconazole could increase significantly chlorophyll a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica(P < 0.05). Higher concentrations(≥12 mg L-1) of uniconazole could inhibit significantly the growth, dry weight, chlorophyll-a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica and P. viridis(P < 0.05). Uniconazole caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation production(MDA) at higher concentrations(≥ 9 mg L-1). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were enhanced remarkably at low concentrations of uniconazole. However, significant reduction of SOD and CAT activities was observed at higher concentrations of uniconazole.

Assessing seawater quality with a variable fuzzy recognition model

With the rapid development of the marine economy industry, human exploitation of marine resources is increasing, which is contributing to the growing trend of eutrophication and frequent occurrence of red tide. Accordingly, investigations of seawater quality have attracted a great deal of attention. This study was conducted to construct a seawater environmental quality assessment model based on the variable fuzzy recognition model. The uncertainty and ambiguity of the seawater quality assessment were then considered, combining the monitoring values of evaluation indicators with the standard values of seawater quality. Laizhou Bay was subsequently selected for a case study. In this study, the correct variable model for different parameters was obtained according to the linear and nonlinear features of evaluation objects. Application of the variable fuzzy recognition model for Laizhou Bay, water quality evaluation and comparison with performance obtained using other approaches revealed that the generated model is more reliable than traditional methods, can more reasonably determine the water quality of various samples, and is more suitable for evaluation of a multi-index, multi-level, nonlinear marine environment system; accordingly, the generated model will be an effective tool for seawater quality evaluation.

Discussion on the new space of strategic development and function of Hengsha,Shanghai

Integrating various resource advantages including location, land, coastline and waterway, Heng- sha, Shanghai will be the new space of strategic development in the future （especially after 2020）. Inspired by marine economic development and continual establishment for new strategic space of coastal cities, in this pa- per we will take the strategic development direction of Hengsha new space into consideration when enlarging on the positioning of the new development space in Hengsha, which includes international logistic center （free har- bor and logistic transshipment center）, modem port industry, high-end services, tourism, leisure, and recre- ation and ecological village in downtown area.

STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF SHIPPING CENTERS AND TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS IN THE YELLOW SEA RIM

It is very important to establish cooperative mechanism to guarantee allmembers to develop their e-conomies in the Yellow Sea Rim. In this paper, the development strategiesof shipping centers and transportation network are discussed based on economic globalizationtendency. The results argue that a united transportation network should be built in order to promotethe economic competition of Northeast Asia in the world. As a key component of the economiccooperation, a hierarchical shipping centers network should be established with Hong Kong, Shanghai,Pusan, Kobe, and Tokyo as cores. The authorities of China, Japan, R. 0. Korea and D. P. R. Koreashould make more efforts to build a set of cooperation institutions based on raising thetransportation efficiency.

Measuring Chinese Marine Environmental Efficiency:A Spatiotemporal Pattern Analysis

Environmental efficiency standards are often used to evaluate the costs of oceanic economic development. A variety of statistical analyses were applied in this study to quantify the marine environmental efficiency of 11 Chinese coastal provinces and municipalities between 2000 and 2014. Results initially reveal that environmental efficiency measures that incorporate undesirable outputs are more consistent with real production conditions and thus the use of marine economic and environmental efficiencies supplement and complement one another. Second, overall marine environmental efficiency across China tends to be low and can be spatially characterized by a transformation such that the inefficiencies noted in 2000 have subsequently been transformed to comprise a three-tiered structure that encompasses northern, central, and southern cores. Third, variation in absolute and relative marine environmental efficiency differences for the coastal regions of China have been consistent over time; values initially decreased before increasing again in a fluctuating manner over the time period of this analysis. Fourth, data show that the Pearl River Delta area has experienced the highest rate of change in marine environmental efficiency over time when economic zones are used as basic research units, although values have nevertheless fluctuated significantly. Fifth, values for total factor productivity as well as technical efficiency and change across the Chinese marine economy all fluctuated over time but increased. Data show that changes in marine environmental efficiency across China can primarily be attributed to progress in marine science and technology. Finally, levels of capital investment and marine industrial pollution intensity are not significantly correlated with marine environmental efficiency. Indeed, both marine industrial structural levels and environmental protection technologies have had a positive effect on environmental efficiency while levels of investment in marine scientific research as well as the scale of economic development, the marine economy, and the degree of external openness have all exerted negative effects on this key variable.

Optimization and competition promotion of industrial structure in Blue Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone

Blue economic zone is a typical regional economic mode,which is specially characterized by marine economy and has multiple economic types coexisting and interacting through integrating marine and land resources.With the continuous progress of science and technology,marine economy as a strategy to promote economic development is approved in many countries.The Blue Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone(BSPEZ) reflects the local demands of economic development,and its upgrading and enhancing competitiveness of the industrial structure is also of obvious significance for enhancement of the development of eastern China and the national marine economy.This paper thinks that the BSPEZ has many advantages,such as unique marine economy,growing high-tech industries,more and more mature industrial system,advancing technological innovation,and outstanding big enterprises,large projects and regional bright brands,but it is also facing problems of low industry cluster,similar industrial structure with each other,still weak technological innovation.So we put forwards the basic approaches to upgrade and enhance the industrial structure:transforming and upgrading the traditional marine industries with advantages,accelerating the development of new marine industries and high-tech industries,integrating marine and land industry,and promoting the rational system arrangements.

Function of Standards System in Management of Sea Area Use

The management of sea area useplays an important role in safeguardingthe reasonable development and useof sea area resources and the healthyand orderly development of the marineeconomy.It is therefore a major componentof marine management.Thispaper outlines the construction of astandards system for sea area usemanagement,and looks at the system'sstructure,as well as the numberof standards and the scope of thestandards system.In addition,the paperelaborates on the important functionof the standards system in themanagement of sea area use,andproposes measures aimed at furtherimproving the management,formulation,implementation and revision ofstandards.

Governance of Marine Protected Areas： An Approach Using Public Participation Geographic Information Systems--The MARGov Project

The MARGov Project consisted in strengthening the interaction among the Professor Luiz Saldanha Marine Park stakeholders, and to collaboratively construct, with social and institutional actors, a governance model for the Marine Park, located in the municipality of Sesimbra （Portugal）. To pursue this goal, a PPGIS （public participation geographic information system） was developed, allowing the interaction, discussion and public participation of the stakeholders and actors involved. This PPGIS emerged as a crowdsourcing tool, with the purpose of assisting the georeferenced contributes from the local users of the Marine Park, regarding several relevant subjects, such as pollution, economic activities, opportunities and threats to the Marine Park, providing visual, analytical, and demonstrative qualities.

The depletion of coastal environmental resources by human activities and its monetary evaluation

The marine environment provides rich and varied resources and services or functions for human’s produc-tion and life. Many countries have competitively exploited and utilized sea and ocean to develop marine economy for someyears. The over-exploitation of marine environment and the overuse of marine resources have led to resource degradation,environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction. Considering the depletion of coastal environmental resources dur-ing planning, governing and decision-making is an important measure to promote the harmonious and sustainabledevelopment of coastal environmental resources and social economy, the main precondition of which is that the depletionof coastal environmental resources by human activities has been monetarily evaluated. Firstly, this paper summarizesrelevant references in this field and analyzes different sorts of depletion of coastal environmental resources caused byhuman activities and the necessity and importance of the monetary evaluation. Finally, this paper extensively discussesthe corresponding evaluation models of the depletion of marine mineral resources, marine organism resources, mari-time transport resources, intertidal zones and shallow seas, and marine environmental functions and services includingenvironmental capacity, gas regulation, disturbance prevention, recreation and biodiversity.

Endemic Marine Benthic Invertebrates on the Brazilian Reef Ecosystems

Knowledge of the biodiversity of Brazilian reef ecosystems has expanded in recent years with several new species. Brazil is considered an important province because it has the only true reefs in the South Atlantic. This study identified the endemism of benthic invertebrate species of the Brazilian reefs. The reef coast is approximately 600 km long and extends from the state of Rio Grande do Norte to south coast of the Bahia state, with many coral and sandstone reefs near the shoreline and in the offshore zone, where the platform top remains exposed during low tides; and also on the Abrolhos region has isolated columns and offshore banks. Four offshore sites within the EEZ （Exclusive Economic Zone） were also included in this review. This study was based on the invertebrate benthic diversity existing on the northeastern coast, represented by Porifera with 450 spp, Cnidaria Scleractinia 16 spp and Echinodermata 51 spp. Of these, 102 species are endemic to Brazilian reefs, including Porifera with 86 spp （18,44%）, Cnidaria Scleractinia 8 spp （50%）, and Echinodermata 8 spp （2.93%）. The results reflect the recent increase in taxonomic studies, and identify a large number of endemic species among the benthic invertebrate fauna of the Brazilian reefs.

Research on Strategic Shipping Development in China

With the unbalance relationship of strong demand and weak supply, China＇s strategic shipping is composed of carriage of goods by sea, marine replenishment and maritime security. China＇s economic strategy, in particular Chinese maritime policy, shows a high tendency of urging to develop China＇s strategic shipping, which aims to safeguard China＇s national interest. This paper explores the approach of balancing China＇s maritime interests safeguarding and the compliance of international maritime regulations by examining three dimension of strategic shipping capacity which includes shipping, port and lane. In addition, this paper creatively proposes the idea of merchant ships and ports for military application and gives some advice about the implementation measures and legal system of mechanism safeguarding.