Heroin is considered potent and addictive and users are often stigmatised as the other. On the internet, however, hegemonic ideas about drugs can be resisted. This study elucidates how efforts to uormalise and demonis...Heroin is considered potent and addictive and users are often stigmatised as the other. On the internet, however, hegemonic ideas about drugs can be resisted. This study elucidates how efforts to uormalise and demonise heroin meet at a Swedish online message board (Flashback Forum). The study aims at analysing how heroin use is given meaning by discussants in a thread called "I will start with heroin". The data were perceived and structured as a collaborative, overarching narrative about when, why, and for whom heroin use can make sense. Discussants used stories about pleasure-seekers, miserable junkies, and self-medicating addicts to depict the activity as unproblematic and rational, problematic and irrational, or as problematic and rational. No stories about heroin use departed from the plot-lines of pleasure maximisation and pain minimisation. Results elucidate a discursive battle in which: (1) heroin use as minimisation of pain "wins" over heroin use as maximisation of pleasure; and (2) there is a general agreement that heroin use cannot be irrational and unproblematic at the same time. It is suggested that these features are central to contemporary drug discourse, and that they probably hinder public understanding of why people use heroin and therefore contribute to keep users stigmatised.展开更多
This pilot study intended to investigate the application of Mixing Zone Guidelines in northern Sweden. The EC (European Commission)-Mixing Zone Guidelines were applied to seven effluent discharges. The effluents wer...This pilot study intended to investigate the application of Mixing Zone Guidelines in northern Sweden. The EC (European Commission)-Mixing Zone Guidelines were applied to seven effluent discharges. The effluents were from industrial processes used in the Ronnskar smelter, in northern Sweden. Each outlet in the smelter area discharges water into the Bothnian bay of the Baltic Sea. Cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) were the primary substances present in the effluents. A "Tiered Approach" was followed for mixing zone assessments in each of the discharge points. Discharge Test was used at Tier 2 and CORMIX (Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System model), version 7, at Tier 3. At each discharge point, the AA-EQS (annual average-environmental quality standard) for each metal was met within a distance of 500 m from the outfalls. This distance was exceeded to meet the MAC-EQS (maximum allowable concentration-environmental quality standard) criteria at points 1 and 3 for total Hg concentrations. However, for the proper application of Mixing Zone Guidelines, a version of the Discharge Test for coastal waters should be developed and used. The decision at which tier the dissolved metal concentration should be compared with EQS values could depend on the effluent characteristics. For Swedish coastal waters, some consideration should be given to the background concentration of metals.展开更多
Chinese carmaker Chery Automobile said its exports quadrupled in the first half of the year, with overseas sales likely to top 100,000 vehicles for the whole year.
文摘Heroin is considered potent and addictive and users are often stigmatised as the other. On the internet, however, hegemonic ideas about drugs can be resisted. This study elucidates how efforts to uormalise and demonise heroin meet at a Swedish online message board (Flashback Forum). The study aims at analysing how heroin use is given meaning by discussants in a thread called "I will start with heroin". The data were perceived and structured as a collaborative, overarching narrative about when, why, and for whom heroin use can make sense. Discussants used stories about pleasure-seekers, miserable junkies, and self-medicating addicts to depict the activity as unproblematic and rational, problematic and irrational, or as problematic and rational. No stories about heroin use departed from the plot-lines of pleasure maximisation and pain minimisation. Results elucidate a discursive battle in which: (1) heroin use as minimisation of pain "wins" over heroin use as maximisation of pleasure; and (2) there is a general agreement that heroin use cannot be irrational and unproblematic at the same time. It is suggested that these features are central to contemporary drug discourse, and that they probably hinder public understanding of why people use heroin and therefore contribute to keep users stigmatised.
文摘This pilot study intended to investigate the application of Mixing Zone Guidelines in northern Sweden. The EC (European Commission)-Mixing Zone Guidelines were applied to seven effluent discharges. The effluents were from industrial processes used in the Ronnskar smelter, in northern Sweden. Each outlet in the smelter area discharges water into the Bothnian bay of the Baltic Sea. Cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) were the primary substances present in the effluents. A "Tiered Approach" was followed for mixing zone assessments in each of the discharge points. Discharge Test was used at Tier 2 and CORMIX (Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System model), version 7, at Tier 3. At each discharge point, the AA-EQS (annual average-environmental quality standard) for each metal was met within a distance of 500 m from the outfalls. This distance was exceeded to meet the MAC-EQS (maximum allowable concentration-environmental quality standard) criteria at points 1 and 3 for total Hg concentrations. However, for the proper application of Mixing Zone Guidelines, a version of the Discharge Test for coastal waters should be developed and used. The decision at which tier the dissolved metal concentration should be compared with EQS values could depend on the effluent characteristics. For Swedish coastal waters, some consideration should be given to the background concentration of metals.
文摘Chinese carmaker Chery Automobile said its exports quadrupled in the first half of the year, with overseas sales likely to top 100,000 vehicles for the whole year.