动漫坊

“首届中国国际动漫节”于5月31日在杭州正式拉开了帷幕。此次动漫节安排了国产经典动画片、世界优秀动画片和国内历年获奖优秀动画短片的展播,还组织了百幅动漫画展、动漫卡通巡游、动漫文化用品展览等大量的相关活动。下面,菲儿就带大家一起来看一看。

Responses to two-way selection on growth in mass-spawned F_1 progeny of Argopecten irradians concentricus(Say)

In the present study, the effect of one-generation divergent selection on the growth and survival of the bay scallop （Argopecten irradians concentricus） was examined to evaluate the efficacy of a selection program currently being carried out in Beibu Bay in the South China Sea. A total of 146 adult scallops were randomly selected from the same cultured population ofA. i. concentricus, and divided into two groups in shell length （anterior-posterior measurement）： large （4.91-6.02 cm, n=74） and small （3.31-4.18 cm, n=72）. At the same time, a control group was also randomly sampled （4.21-4.88 cm, n=80）. Mass-spawned F1 progenies from the three size groups were obtained and reared under identical conditions at all growth phases. The effects of two-way （or upward-downward） selection on fertilization rate, hatching rate, survival rate, daily growth in shell length and body weight were assessed in the three size groups. Results show that significant differences （P〈0.01） were found in hatching rate, survival rate and daily growth of F~ progenies, but not in fertilization rate （P〉0.05）, among the three groups. The hatching rate, survival rate and daily growth of the progeny of large-sized parents were greater than those of the control group （P〈0.05）, which in turn were larger than those of small-sized group （P〈0.05）. Responses to selection by shell length and body weight were 0.32±0.04 cm and 2.18±0.05 g, respectively, for the upward selection, and -0.14±0.03 cm and -2.77±0.06 g, respectively, for the downward selection. The realized heritability estimates of shell length and body weight were 0.38±0.06 cm and 0.22±0.07 g for the upward selection, and 0.24±0.06 cm and 0.37±0.09 g for the downward selection, respectively. The change in growth by bidirectional selection suggests that high genetic variation may be present in the cultured bay scallop population in China.

Importance of kelp-derived organic carbon to the scallop Chlamys farreri in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system

Bivalves and seaweeds are important cleaners that are widely used in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture （IMTA） systems. A beneficial relationship between seaweed and bivalve in the seaweed- based IMTA system has been confirmed, but the trophic importance of seaweed-derived particulate organic materials to the co-cultured bivalve is still unclear. We evaluated the trophic importance of the kelp Saccharinajaponica to the co-cultured scallop Chlamysfarreri in a typical IMTA farm in Sungo Bay （Weihai, North China）. The dynamics of detritus carbon in the water were monitored during the culturing period. The proportion of kelp-derived organic matter in the diet of the co-cultured scallop was assessed via the stable carbon isotope method. Results showed that the detritus carbon in the water ranged from 75.52 to 265.19 ~tg/L, which was 25.6% to 73.8% of total particulate organic carbon （TPOC） during the study period. The amount of detritus carbon and its proportion in the TPOC changed throughout the culture cycle of the kelp. Stable carbon isotope analysis showed that the cultured scallop obtained 14.1% to 42.8% of its tissue carbon from the kelp, and that the percentages were closely correlated with the proportion of detritus carbon in the water （F=0.993, P=0.003）. Evaluation showed that for 17 000 tons （wet weight） of annual scallop production, the kelp contributed about 139.3 tons of carbon （535.8 tons of dry mass）. This confirms that cultured kelp plays a similar trophic role in IMTA systems as it does in a natural kelp bed. It is a major contributor to the detritus pool and supplies a vital food source to filter-feeding scallops in the IMTA system, especially during winter and early spring when phytoplankton are scarce.