Should we redefi ne large common bile duct stone?

The definition of large stones is not clear ranging from 10 mm to 15 mm and does not include the lower common bile duct (CBD) diameter. Three hundred and four patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and stone extraction were retrospectively analyzed over a 1-year period. Sixteen patients were different from others in that 10 patients with large stones had stone extraction with a wire basket or a balloon catheter and 6 patients with small stones had stone extraction with mechanical lithotripsy. The defi nition of large stones should include diameter of the lower CBD and any stone in lower CBD with its diameter greater than 2 mm.

Inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging based on sparse signal processing

Based on the measurement model of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) within a small aspect sector,an imaging method was presented with the application of sparse signal processing.This method can form higher resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar images from compensating incomplete measured data,and improves the clarity of the images and makes the feature structure much more clear,which is helpful for target recognition.The simulation results indicate that this method can provide clear ISAR images with high contrast under complex motion case.

Subpixel Target Location Techniques for 3-D Coordinate Measuring System

the close photogrammetric 3-D coordinate measurement is a newmeasuring technology in the fields of the coordinate measurementmachine (CMM) in recent years. In this method, we usually place sometargets on the measured object and take image of targets to determinethe object coordinate. The subpixel location of target image plays animportant role in high accuracy 3-D coordinate measuring procedure.In this paper, some subpixel location methods are reviewed and somefactors which affect location precision are analyzed.

QoE Assessment and Prediction Method for HighDefinition Video Stream Using Image Damage Accumulation

The accuracy of the traditional assessment method of the quality of experience(Qo E) has been facing challenges with the growth of high-definition(HD) video streaming services.Image display-quality damage is the main factor that affects the Qo E in HD video services through UDP network transmission.In this paper,we introduce a novel objective factor known as image damage accumulation(IDA) to assess user's Qo E in HD video services.First,this paper quantitatively analyzed the effect on user quality of experience by IDA and established a mapping relationship between mean opinion scores and IDA.Furthermore,the probability of image damage caused by compression and transmission were analyzed.Based on this analysis,an objective Qo E assessment and prediction method for HD video stream service that evaluated the user experience according to IDA are proposed.The proposed method can achieve assessment and prediction accuracy on three distinct subjective tests.

Iterative Adaptive Median Filter for Impulse Noise Cancellation

Based on the characteristics of impulse noises, the authors establish a new filter, Iterative Adaptive Median Filter （IAMF）. Acccording to the characteristics of images polluted by impulse noises, they establish weight function combined with iterative algorithm to eliminate noises. In IAMF filter process, because the noise sixes do not participate in the computation, they do not influence the normal points in the image, therefore IAMF can retain the detail well, maintain the good clarity after processing image, and simultaneously reduce the computation. Experiments showed that IAMF have ideal denoising effect for the images polluted by the impulse noises; especially when the noise rates are more than 0.5, IAMF is mote prominent, even when the noise rotes are more than 0.9, IAMF can achieve a satisfactory results.

SAR Image Coregistration Using Fringe Definition Detection

In order to overcome the limitation of cross correlation coregistration method for Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） interferometric pairs with low coherence, a new image coregistration algorithm based on Fringe Definition Detection （FDD） is presented in this paper. The Fourier transformation was utilized to obtain spectrum characteristics of interferometric fringes. The ratio between spectrum mean and peak was proposed as the evaluation index for identifying homologous pixels from interferometric images. The satellites ERS-1/2 C-band SAR acquisitions covering the Yangtze River plain delta, eastern China and ALOS/PALSAR L-band images over the Longmen Shan mountainous area, southwestern China were respectively employed in the experiment to validate the proposed coregistration method. The testing results suggested that the derived Digital Elevation Model （DEM） from FDD method had good agreement with that from the cross correlation method as well as the reference DEM at high coherence area. However, The FDD method achieved a totally improved topographic mapping accuracy by 24 percent in comparison to the cross correlation method. The FDD method also showed better robustness and achieved relatively higher performance for SAR image eoregistration in mountainous areas with low coherence.

魁北克分离主义的挑战与近年来加拿大联邦政府在法律和政策上的应对

魁北克分离主义对加拿大联邦统一的挑战在1995年达到了危机状态。尽管当年就魁北克分离问题而举行的全民公决最终以非常微弱的多数使加拿大政府渡过了危机,但该问题的存在仍对加拿大联邦统一的前景构成威胁。为此,加拿大联邦政府一方面向加拿大最高法院请求有关魁北克分离问题的法律解释,同时又邀请了国内外著名的法学家对分离问题做出国内法、国际法上的权威分析和建议,并通过了特别立法来规定可能发生的魁北克分离要求的法律和政治程序,试图在法律、政治程序层面从根本上限制魁北克民族分离主义者的任意行为。

Effect of acupuncture on the speech and acoustics levelin patients with dysarthria

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with speech therapy on dysarthria after stroke or cerebral trauma. Methods Sixty-one cases of dysarthria were randomly divided into two groups. The observation group （30 cases） was treated with speech therapy and acupuncture at major acupoints Lianquan （廉泉 CV 23）, Jinjin （金津 EX-HN 12）, Yuye （玉夜 EX-HN 13）, Fengchi（风池 GB 20）, Yifeng （翳风 TE 17） and Wangu（完骨 GB 12）, and the control group （31 cases） was treated with speech therapy only. The changes of speech and acoustical indices were evaluated after 9 weeks treatment. Results The word articulation and the correct rate of writings in the two groups were significantly increased after treatment （both P〈0.01）. The total effective rate of 96.7%（29/30） in the observation group was superior to that of 67.7%（21/31） in the control group （P〈0.01）. The maximum phonation time （MPT） tested by a phonolaryngeal aeromechanical analyzer was significantly prolonged in both the observation group （12 cases） and the control group （11 cases） （both P〈0.01）, the improvement in the observation group being more obvious （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with speech therapy can improve the speech and acoustic level in the patient of dysarthria.