浅谈贺绿汀艺术歌曲的音乐及演唱分析——以《清流》为例

声乐类中国作品分类有民间歌曲、民族歌剧选曲、古代歌曲、戏曲、艺术歌曲和当代创作歌曲。在人民音乐出版社出版的《声乐教学曲库》中,中国艺术歌曲被收录编辑成册共四卷,囊括了二十年代至今的艺术创作歌曲。贺绿汀的《清流》便收录在《中国艺术歌曲选》的第四卷中,它非常适合初级、中级程度的声乐学习者。

清流园记

前时不久,老友南邨来访,谈及在秦岭山中看见冯凭,我甚为惊愕!原以为潜心佛老之学,特立独行,苦心静修的他离散经年,必是遁入空门,皈依净土;亦或隐匿山林,效法老庄了.不料想,他却在傥骆古道旁的五龙岭上干起了植树垦荒的行当,据说,数年间从未下山?好奇使然,再说也很想见识冯凭"智者如山,思者似海"般的近况,随邀好友方大为同行进山一趟.方兄为人敦厚,谦恭可嘉,研习佛学甚深,持戒有成,有善居士名,更况早年与冯私交甚笃,远行相携,此人最为相宜.

义和团时期的王文韶

外国长期侵略中国,在清政府官员中,反对外国侵略的大有人在。反侵略,本来是正义的,正确的,但真理再跨前一步,就变成了谬误。反侵略进而拆教堂,杀洋人,进攻使馆,就成了盲目排外。王文韶不赞成盲目排外,也不激烈抗争,不但未受处分,反而一升再升,直升至大学士。史实证明,他比徐桐、赵舒翘等高明、正确。

Feasibility Research on the High Speed Rotary Positive Air Filter

The structure, separation principle and feasibility research for a new type of vehicle air filter called the high speed rotary positive air filter were described. The analysis of the experimental data showed that the principle and structure of it were feasible and it possessed high separation efficiency and great self cleaning ability. Compared with the conventional air filter it also has lower air intake loss. So it is worth further practical research.

“八表”之语、“书生”习性与“儒臣”风格——张之洞的一个侧面

“探花”张之洞经不止一任外省考官和学政历练,回到京师后又成为“清流”先锋。光绪七年冬被授山西巡抚,开启了其疆吏生涯。在他初任晋抚的谢恩折中,因有“不敢忘经营八表之略”的语句而备受奚落和讽刺。及至“庚子议和”,又因事被李鸿章指斥其“书生之习”不改。张之洞闻知后大为光火,激愤地以“中堂习气”反讽李氏。刘坤一等人从中斡旋,张之洞久不能平。此乃“官书”所载,无可置疑。由此又衍生出诸多传闻,虽所述具体情节有异,但大旨上也基本相符。考其实际,张之洞终为“儒臣”的风格始终未变。

Prediction on effectiveness of road sweeping for highway runoff pollution control

Binzhou section of Changshen highway was selected to study the effectiveness of road sweeping in decreasing the pollutant loads of highway runoff.With on-site continuous sampling the discharge rules of Cu Cd Pb and Zn are analyzed.The total and dissolved event mean concentrations of Cu Pb and Zn are calculated and the loads of heavy metals attached to particles sampled before and after rainfall are also studied.A test section on highway road was swept in different frequencies during a week and the amount of removed particles was measured.Based on the analysis of highway runoff and road sweeping a prediction equation is established to calculate the pollution control efficiency of the sweeping measure and the results indicate that the 1 time/week road sweeping method can remove 47.93% of dissolved Cu 46.87% of Pb and 44.21% of Zn.

H pylori seroprevalence in patients with lung cancer

AIM: To assess H pylori seroprevalence in lung cancer and determine whether there is a potential association between lung cancer and H pylori infection. METHODS: The study was conducted on forty consecutive patients with lung cancer, confirmed by pathology (32 men, 8 women; mean age 55.50 ± 11.91 years, range 16-77 years). Forty healthy subjects (25 men, 15 women; mean age 43.08 ± 12.60 years, range 20-79 years) from the patients’ family members were matched to each case subject on the basis of age and socioeconomic status. H pylori infection was detected with a commercially available immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Trinity kit, Biotech co., USA), previously validated in adults (86% sensitivity, 96% specificity) against a gold standard of culture and histology. RESULTS: H pylori seropositivity was present in 52.5% of patients with lung cancer in comparison to 45.0% of healthy control subjects. Although H pylori seropositivity was more frequent in lung cancer patients than in controls, the difference did not reach statistical significance (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.56-3.25; P = 0.65). In addition, there was no significant difference between cases and controls in terms of gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSION: The earlier described association between H pylori infection and lung cancer was not supported in this study. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be undertaken to assess the frequency of H pylori infection in patients with lung cancer and their potential association.

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis C and its risk factors in Khuzestan Province, South-West of Iran:A case-control study

AIM：To evaluate possible risk factors for the spread of hepatitis C infection and to analyze the characteristics of the epidemiological and clinical patterns among the patients with hepatitis C infection. METHODS： During a five-year period a cross-sectional study was conducted among HCV positive individuals referred to the Ahwaz JundiShapour University Hospitals （AJSUH） and Hepatitis Clinic from 1 Sept 1999 to 1 Sept 2003. The control group consisted of first time blood donors referred to the Regional Blood Transfusion organization. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and recombinant immunoblot assay anti-hepatitis C virus （HCV） tests were performed for two groups. Positive serum specimens were retested using polymerase chain reaction （PCR） for HCV RNA. Risk factors were evaluated using a questionnaire. Reported risk factors among infected subjects （＂HCV-positive＂） were compared to those of subjects never exposed （＂HCV-negative＂） to HCV. RESULTS： A total of 514 subjects were studied for HCV, of which 254 were HCV-positive and 260 HCV- negative donors comprised the control group. Mean age of the patients was 28.4 （Std 15.22） years. HCV-positive subjects were more likely to be of male gender （63% versus 37%）. Transfusion 132 （52%）, non-intravenous （n-iv） drug abuse and iv drug abuse 37 （14.5%）, haemodialysis 25 （10%）, receiving wounds at war and extramarital sexual activities （2.4%）, tattooing （3.6%） were found to be independent risk factors of being HCV-positive. No apparent risk factors could be demonstrated in 29 （11.2%） of the positive cases. CONCLUSION： Our data indicate that a history of transfusion and iv drug abuse and haemodialysis are important risk factors for HCV infection in our area and that more careful pretransfusion screening of blood for anti- HCV must be introduced in our blood banks. Improvements in certain lifestyle patterns, and customs in this area may be essential to prevent transmission of the infection.

“二十四贤”与“汉魏革命”

十卷本《陶潜集·四八目》所载的魏文帝于汉魏禅代之际彰表"二十四贤"之事,可以认为源自确切的汉末魏晋史料,具有重要的史料价值。"二十四贤"的人选构成来自于东汉后期的"清流"士人群体,既包括了积极参与反外戚、反宦官政治活动的官僚士人,也包括了以隐居不仕表达消极反抗之意的民间处士。曹丕在代汉建魏前夕彰表如是面貌的"二十四贤",显示了曹魏王朝君臣以汉末清流的继承者自居的政治立场,也是着眼于重构王朝秩序的"汉魏革命"的组成部分。

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in female Vietnamese immigrants to Korea

AIM： To investigate the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori （H. pylorl） and its relationship to nutritional fac- tors in female Vietnamese immigrants to Korea. METHODS： A total of 390 female immigrants from Vietnam and 206 Korean male spouses participated in the study. Blood samples from 321 female immigrants and 201 Korean male spouses were analyzed for H. py- Iori antibodies. Data on age, sex, alcohol consumption, smoking status, dietary nutritional factors and gastro- intestinal symptoms were collected using question- naires. The daily intakes of the following nutrients were estimated： energy, protein, niacin, lipid, fiber, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, zinc, folate, cholesterol, and vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C and E. RESULTS： The prevalence of H. py/ori positivity was lower in the immigrants than in age-matched Koreanfemales （55.7% vs 71.4%, respectively; P 〈 0.0001） and the domestic population of Vietnam. The preva- lence of H. pylori positivity among married couples was 31.7% for both spouses. There were no statistically sig- nificant differences in the incidence of smoking, amount of alcohol consumed, or nutritional factors between the H. pylori-positive and negative groups. CONCLUSION： The prevalence of H. pylori positivity was lower among female Vietnamese immigrants than among Korean females. Nutritional factors did not differ between the H. pylori-positive and negative groups.

Serological and molecular study of hepatitis E virus among illegal blood donors

AIM： To investigate the seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of hepatitis E virus （HEV） in the illegal blood donors （IBDs） of central China in the early 1990s.

Anti-hepatitis A seroprevalence among chronic viral hepatitis patients in Kelantan,Malaysia

AIM:To determine the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and to justify the need for hepatitis A vaccination.METHODS:Patients (n=119) were enrolled between July and September 2009.The diagnosis of CLD was based on the presence of viral markers for more than 6 mo.The diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was based on clinical,biochemical and radiological profiles.Patient serum was tested for anti-HAV IgG.RESULTS:The overall anti-HAV seroprevalence was 88.2%.The aetiology of CLD was hepatitis B in 96 patients (80.7%) and hepatitis C in 23 patients (19.3%).Mean age was 44.4 ± 14 years.Patients were grouped according to age as follows:24 (20.2%) patients in the 21-30 years age group,22 (18.5%) in the 31-40 years age group,31 (26.1%) in the 41-50 years age group,23(19.3%) in the 51-60 years age group and 19 (16.0%) patients aged greater than 60 years,with reported seroprevalences of 66.7%,95.5%,93.5%,91.3% and 94.7%,respectively.There was a marked increase of seroprevalence in subjects older than 30 years (P=0.001).CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrated that patients aged greater than 30 years of age were likely to have natural immunity to hepatitis A.Therefore,hepatitis A vaccination may not be routinely required in this age group.

^(210)Pb Chronology and Trace Metal Geochemistry in the Intertidal Sediment of Qinjiang River Estuary, China

Historical records of metal inputs were studied by using a sediment core collected from a sand-rich mudflat in the Qinjiang River estuary, China. 210Pb chronology was used to reconstruct the fluxes of Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr and As to the core site during the last 86 years. Based on the constant initial concentration model, the sedimentation rates are 1.18 cm year-1 in the top 30 cm sandy layer and 0.92 cm year-1 in the muddy bottom layer. To compensate for grain-size and mineralogy effects on metal concentra-tions, aluminum was used as the normalizing element. The enrichment factors (EF) indicate that the natural inputs had prevailed up to the early 1980s. After this period, the intensity of human activities has resulted in continual increasing trend of metals towards the surface. Recent sediment samples from the Qinjiang River estuary are found moderately enriched by Cd (EF>1.5) and slightly enriched by other metals (EF<1.5). Considering that the drainage area of the Qinjiang River is mostly agricultural land, the increased Cd may be due to the usage of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural activities and the combustion of fossil fuels.

Anthropogenic Direct Radiative Forcing of Tropospheric Ozone and Aerosols in 1850 and 2000 Estimated with IPCC AR5 Emissions Inventories

This study estimates direct radiative forcing by tropospheric ozone and all aerosols between the years 1850 and 2000, using the new IPCC AR5 （the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report） emissions inventories and a fully coupled chemistry-aerosol general circulation model. As compared to the previous Global Emissions Inventory Activity （GEIA） data, that have been commonly used for forcing estimates since 1990, the IPCC AR5 emissions inventories report lower anthropogenic emissions of organic carbon and black carbon aerosols and higher sulfur and NOx emissions. The simulated global and annual mean burdens of sulfate, nitrate, black carbon （BC）, primary organic aerosol （POA）, secondary organic aerosol （SOA）, and ozone were 0.79, 0.35, 0.05, 0.49, 0.34, and 269 Tg, respectively, in the year 1850, and 1.90, 0.90, 0.11, 0.71, 0.32, and 377 Tg, respectively, in the year 2000. The estimated annual mean top of the atmosphere （TOA） direct radiative forcing of all anthropogenic aerosols based on the AR5 emissions inventories is -0.60 W m^-2 on a global mean basis from 1850 to 2000. However, this is -2.40 W m-2 when forcing values are averaged over eastern China （18-45°N and 95-125°E）. The value for tropospheric ozone is 0.17 W m^-1 on a global mean basis and 0.24 W m^-2 over eastern China. Forcing values indicate that the climatic effect of aerosols over eastern China is much more significant than the globally averaged effect.

CD133^+ gallbladder carcinoma cells exhibit self-renewal ability and tumorigenicity

AIM： To identify cancer stern cells （CSCs） in human gallbladder carcinomas （GBCs）. METHODS： Primary GBC cells were cultured under serum-free conditions to produce floating spheres. The stem-cell properties of the sphere-forming cells, including self-renewal, differentiation potential, chemoresistance and tumorigenicity, were determined in vitro or in vivo. Cell surface expression of CD133 was investigated in primary tumors and in spheroid cells using flow cytometry. The sphere-colony-formation ability and tumorigenicity of CD133＋ cells were assayed.floating spheroids were generated from primary GBC cells, and these sphere-forming cells could generate new progeny spheroids in serum-free media. Spheroid cells were differentiated under serum-containing conditions with downregulation of the stem cell markers Oct-4, Nanog, and nestin （P 〈 0.05）. The differentiated cells showed lower spheroid-colony-formation ability than the original spheroid cells （P 〈 0.05）. Spheroid ceils were more resistant to chemotherapeutic reagents than the congenetic adherent cells （P 〈 0.05）. Flow cytometry showed enriched CD133＋ population in sphereforming cells （P 〈 0.05）. CD133＋ cells possessed high colony-formation ability than the CD133 population （P 〈 0.01）. CD133＋ cells injected into nude mice revealed higher tumorigenicity than their antigen-negative counterparts （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： CD133 may be a cell surface marker for CSCs in GBC.

QoE Assessment and Prediction Method for HighDefinition Video Stream Using Image Damage Accumulation

The accuracy of the traditional assessment method of the quality of experience(Qo E) has been facing challenges with the growth of high-definition(HD) video streaming services.Image display-quality damage is the main factor that affects the Qo E in HD video services through UDP network transmission.In this paper,we introduce a novel objective factor known as image damage accumulation(IDA) to assess user's Qo E in HD video services.First,this paper quantitatively analyzed the effect on user quality of experience by IDA and established a mapping relationship between mean opinion scores and IDA.Furthermore,the probability of image damage caused by compression and transmission were analyzed.Based on this analysis,an objective Qo E assessment and prediction method for HD video stream service that evaluated the user experience according to IDA are proposed.The proposed method can achieve assessment and prediction accuracy on three distinct subjective tests.

“北黎冲突”前中法越南交涉与张之洞因应(1881-1884)——张之洞未刊书札研究

张之洞致张佩纶未刊书札,可从中探究张之洞在山西巡抚任上对中法越南交涉的因应。北圻问题发生初期,张之洞即从张佩纶处获取李鸿章的相关情报,并表达了相应意见。随着中法事态的变化,张之洞参与起复阎敬铭、李鸿章,颇有为中法越南交涉考虑的意味。至中法衅起,张之洞在山西巡抚任上广派委员,建立其作为地方大员独立的情报渠道。借助中法越南交涉的契机,张之洞主动谋求调离山西,朝廷终命其署理两广总督。张之洞在中法越南初期交涉中的地位虽不如东南督抚般重要,更无法与李鸿章、曾纪泽、赫德、总署各员相比,但其相关因应与人事关涉甲申朝局变迁,是窥测相关事态变动的主要人物之一。

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus in Kuwait

AIM: To fi nd the current seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Kuwait.METHODS: A total of 2851 Kuwaitis applying for new jobs were screened.RESULTS: HAV-positive cases were 28.8%; 59% were males and 41% were females. The highest prevalence was in the Ahmadi area. High prevalence was among the group of non-educated rather than educated parents. This is the fi rst study in Kuwait demonstrating the shifting epidemiology of HAV.CONCLUSION: This study reflects the need of the Kuwaiti population for an HAV vaccine.

Changing patterns of hepatitis A prevalence within the Saudi population over the last 18 years

AIM： To determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis A （HAV） amongst Saudi children and compare it with previously reported prevalence data from the same population. METHODS： A total of 1357 students were randomly selected between the ages of 16 and 18 years （689 males and 668 females） from three different regions of Saudi Arabia （Madinah, AI-Qaseem, and Aseer） and tested for anti-HAV-IgG.RESULTS： The overall prevalence of anti-HAV-IgG among the study population was 18.6%. There was no difference between males and females but there was a significant difference in the seroprevalence （P = 0.0001） between the three different regions, with Madinah region showing the highest prevalence （27.4%）. When classified according to socioeconomic status, lower class students had a prevalence of 36.6%, lower middle class 16.6%, upper middle class 9.6%, and upper class 5.9% （P = 0.0001）. Comparing the current study results with those of previous studies in 1989 and 1997 involving the same population, there was a marked reduction in the overall prevalence of HAV from 52% in 1989, to 25% in 1997, to 18.6% in 2008 （P 〈 0.0001）.CONCLUSION： Over the last 18 years, there has been a marked decline in the prevalence of HAV in Saudi children and adolescents. The current low prevalence rates call for strict adherence to vaccination policies in high-risk patients and raises the question of a universal HAV vaccination program.

Clinical analysis of propofol deep sedation for 1,104 patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures:A three year prospective study

AIM： To analyze the hemodynamic and respiratory effects of propofol on patients undergoing gastroscopy and colonoscopy. METHODS： In this prospective study, conducted over a period of three years, 1,104 patients referred for a same day GI endoscopy procedure were analyzed. All patients were given a propofol bolus （0.5-1.5 mg/kg）. Arterial blood pressure （BP） was monitored at 3 rain intervals and heart rate and oxygen saturation （SpO2） were recorded continuously by pulse oximetry. Analyzed data acquisition was carried out before, during, and after the procedure. RESULTS： A statistically significant reduction in mean arterial pressure was demonstrated （P〈0.001） when compared to pre-intervention values, but severe hypotension, defined as a systolic blood pressure below 60mmHg, was noted in only 5 patients （0.5%）. Oxygen saturation decreased from 96.5% to 94.4 % （P〈0.001）. A critical decrease in oxygen saturation （〈90%） was documented in 27 patients （2.4%）. CONCLUSION： Our results showed that propofol provided good sedation with excellent pain control, a short recovery time and no significant hemodynamic side effelts if carefully titrated. All the patients （and especially ASA Ⅲ group） require monitoring and care of an anesthesiologist.