五倍子发酵炮制百药煎主要药理作用比较研究

目的研究比较五倍子发酵为百药煎后其抗炎镇痛、止咳化痰等药理作用的变化。方法采用二甲苯致耳廓肿胀法评价抗炎作用,采用热板法和醋酸扭体法评价镇痛作用,采用浓氨水致咳法和酚红模拟化痰药效结合分光光度法分别评价止咳化痰作用,分别对比五倍子发酵为百药煎后其药理作用变化;通过测定二甲苯致耳廓肿胀模型血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素10(IL-10)、白介素6(IL-6)和白介素1β(IL-1β)含量,探究其抗炎机制。结果百药煎能显著抑制热板和醋酸引起的疼痛反应(P<0.05),作用强于五倍子(P<0.05);显著抑制二甲苯致耳肿胀现象(P<0.05),降低血清中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β含量(P<0.05);显著降低咳嗽潜伏期时间,减少咳嗽次数(P<0.05),而五倍子差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);酚红排出量明显高于五倍子组(P<0.05)。结论五倍子发酵为百药煎后抗炎镇痛、止咳化痰作用增强,其抗炎机制可能与抑制炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的释放有关。

基于肝损伤级联反应关系的黄药子水煎液致肝损伤机制研究

目的:基于肝损伤级联反应关系观察黄药子水煎液(decoction of Dioscorea bulbifera,DDB)连续给药对小鼠肝脏的影响,探讨其致肝损伤的早期作用机制。方法:黄药子水煎液多次灌胃给予小鼠,测定不同给药剂量和不同给药时间下黄药子水煎液对小鼠生化指标、细胞膜指标、氧化与抗氧化指标、线粒体指标、病理组织的影响,并使用Western蛋白印迹法检测小鼠肝组织细胞色素P450(CYP)2E1表达。结果:黄药子水煎液剂量-毒性试验中,较空白对照组2g/kg剂量组小鼠钠钾ATP酶(Na^+-K^+-ATP)、钙镁ATP酶(Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATP)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)及总巯基(T-SH)均有统计学差异;当剂量增加到20g/kg,小鼠Na^+-K^+-ATP、Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATP、MDA、SOD、GST及T-SH均呈显著变化,SDH明显降低。黄药子水煎液时间-毒性试验中,与各自空白对照组比较,小鼠灌胃给予20g/kg剂量的黄药子水煎液,各给药组小鼠丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)均升高,同时黄药子水煎液可显著增强20天给药组及30天给药组CYP2E1表达。10天给药组病理组织学检查可见个别小鼠肝细胞轻微嗜酸变性;20天给药组病理组织学检查可见肝细胞点状或小灶性坏死外,还可见Na^+-K^+-ATP酶活性明显降低;30天给药组小鼠病理组织学检查结果除与20天给药组结果相同外,还可见大量小鼠肝细胞坏死,Na^+-K^+-ATP、Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATP酶活性显著降低,同时MDA、SOD、GST、T-SH及SDH均有明显改变。结论:小鼠长期给予DDB可使肝脏发生损伤,损伤程度具有一定的时间和剂量依赖性,其对肝脏的时间-毒性关系为首先降低细胞膜Na^+-K^+-ATP、Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATP活性,上调CYP450,进一步破坏氧化与抗氧化系统或线粒体功能,黄药子水煎液致肝损伤早期作用机制可能为损伤肝细胞膜。

煎药

母亲被失眠困扰了许久。迫不得已，她决定去向中医讨几味方子。诊断结束后，老中医一边望着我，一边把推敲良久的药单给了母亲，母亲凝重的表情渐渐变为朴实的微笑。

Effect of Chaiqinchengqi decoction on sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca^(2+)-ATPase mRNA expression of pancreatic tissues in acute pancreatitis rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of Chaiqinchengqi decoction (CQCQD) on sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) mRNA expression of pancreatic tissues in acute pancreatitis (AP) rats. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into control group, AP group and CQCQD group (n = 3 × 10). The rats in the CQCQD group were intragastrically administered with CQCQD (10 mL/kg every 2 h) after induction of AP by intraperitoneal injection of caerulein (50 μg/kg.h × 5) within 4 h. At 6 h after the induction of AP model, pancreatic tissues were collected for the pathological observation, mRNA extraction for determination of SERCA1 and SERCA2 mRNA expression or pancreatic acinar cell isolation for measurement of fluorescence intensity (FI) of intracellular calcium ion concentration [Ca2+]i. RESULTS: There was no expression of pancreatic SERCA1 mRNA in the control group and the AP group. The expression of pancreatic SERCA2 mRNA in the AP group was down-regulated (expression ratio = 0.536; P = 0.001) compared with the control group, while that in the CQCQD group was up-regulated (expression ratio= 2.00; P = 0.012) compared with AP group. The FI of intracellular [Ca2+] of pancreatic acinar cells in the AP group (138.2 ± 23.1) was higher than the C group (111.0 ± 18.4) and the CQCQD group (118.7 ± 15.2 ) (P < 0.05) and the pancreatic pathological score in the CQCQD group was lower than that in the AP group (5.7 ± 1.9 vs 9.2 ± 2.7, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: CQCQD can up-regulate the expression of SERCA2 mRNA of pancreatic tissues, reduce intracellular calcium overload and relieve pancreatic tissue lesions.

Protective effect of Weikang decoction and partial ingredients on model rat with gastric mucosa ulcer

AIM: To investigate the protective mechanisms of Weikang (WK) decoction on gastric mucosae. METHODS: Ninety rats were randomly divided into nine groups of 10 each, namely group, model group, group with large WK dosage, group with medium WK dosage, group with small WK dosage, group with herbs of jianpiyiqi (strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi), group with herbs of yangxuehuoxue (invigorating the circulation of and nourishing the blood), group with herbs of qingrejiedu (clearing away the heat-evils and toxic materials), group with colloidal bismuth pectin (CBP) capsules. According to the method adopted by Yang Xuesong, except normal control group, chronic gastric ulcer was induced with 100% acetic acid. On the sixth day after moldmaking, WK decoction was administered, respectively at doses of 20, 10 and 5 g/kg to rats of the WK groups, or the groups with herbs of jianpiyiqi, yangxuehuoxue and qingrejiedu, 10 ml/kg was separately administered to each group every day. For the group with CBP capsules, medicine was dissolved with water and doses 15 times of human therapeutic dose were administered (10 mL/kg solution containing 0.35% CBP). Rats of other groups were fed with physiological saline (10 ml/kg every day). Administration lasted for 16 d. Rats were killed on d 22 after mold making to observe changes of gastric mucosa. The mucus thickness of gastric mucosa surface was measured. Levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in gastric juice, nitric oxide (NO) in gastric tissue, endothelin (ET) in plasma, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in plasma, malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) were examined. RESULTS: Compared with control group, ulceration was found in gastric mucosa of model group rats. The mucus thickness of gastric mucosa surface, the levels of EGF, NO, 6-K-PGF1α and SOD decreased significantly in the model group (EGF: 0.818±0.18 vs 2.168±0.375, NO: 0.213±0.049 vs 0.601±0.081, 6-K-PGF1α 59.7±6.3 vs 96.6±8.30, SOD: 128.6±15.0 vs 196.6±35.3, P<0.01),the levels of ET (179.96±37.40 vs 46.64±21.20, P<0.01) and MDA (48.2±4.5 vs 15.7±4.8, P<0.01) increased. Compared with model group, the thickness of regenerative mucosa increased, glandular arrangement was in order, and cystic dilative glands decreased, while the mucus thickness of gastric mucosa surface increased (20 g/kg WK: 51.3±2.9 vs 23.2±8.4,10 g/kg WK: 43.3±2.9 vs23.2±8.4,, 5 g/kg WK: 36.1±7.2 vs 23.2±8.4, jianpiyiqi: 35.4±5.6 vs 23.2±8.4, yangxuehuoxue: 33.1±8.9 vs 23.2±8.4, qingrejiedu: 31.0±8.0 vs 23.2±8.4 and CBP: 38.2±3.5 vs23.2±8.4, P<0.05-0.01). The levels of EGF (20 g/kg WK: 1.364±0.12 vs 0.818±0.18, 10 g/kg WK: 1.359±0.24 vs 0.818±0.18, 5 g/kg WK: 1.245±0.31 vs 0.818±0.18, jianpiyiqi: 1.025± 0.45 vs 0.818±0.18, yangxuehuoxue: 1.03±0.29 vs 0.818±0.18, qingrejiedu: 1.02±0.47 vs 0.818±0.18 and CBP: 1.237±0.20 VS 0.818±0.18, p<0.05-0.01), NO (20 g/kg WK: 0.480±0.026 vs 0.213±0.049, 10 g/kg WK: 0.390±0.055 vs 0.213±0.049, 5 g/kg WK: 0.394±0.026 vs 0.213±0.049, jianpiyiqi: 0.393±0.123 vs 0.213±0.049, yangxuehuoxue: 0.463±0.077 vs 0.213±0.049, qingrejiedu: 0.382±0.082 vs 50.213±0.049 and CBP: 0.395±0.053 vs 0.213±0.049, P<0.05-0.01), 6-K-PGF1α (20 g/kg WK: 86.8±7.6 vs 59.7±6.3,10 g/kg WK: 77.9±7.0 vs 59.7±6.3, 5 g/kg WK: 70.0±5.4 vs 59.7±6.3, jianpiyiqi: 73.5±12.2 vs 59.7±6.3, yangxuehuoxue: 65.1±5,3 vs 59.7±6.3, qingrejiedu: 76.9±14.6 vs 59.7±6.3,and CBP: 93.7±10.7 vs 59.7±6.3, P<0.05-0.01) and SOD (20 g/kg WK: 186.4±19.9 vs 128.6±15.0,10 g/kg WK: 168.2±21.7 vs 128.6±15.0, 5 g/kg WK: 155.6±21.6 vs 128.6±15.0, jianpiyiqi: 168.0±85.3 vs 128.6±15.0, yangxuehuoxue: 165.0±34.0 vs 128.6±15.0, qingrejiedu: 168.2±24.9 vs 128.6±15.0, and CBP: 156.3±18.1 vs 128.6±15.0, P<0.05-0.01) significantly increased. The levels of ET (20 g/kg WK: 81.30± 17.20 vs 179.96±37.40, 10 g/kg WK: 83.40±25.90 vs 179.96±37.40, 5 g/kg WK: 93.87±20.70 vs 179.96±37.40, jianpiyiqi: 130.67±43.66 vs 179.96±37.40, yangxuehuoxue: 115.88±34.09 vs 179.96±37.40, qingrejiedu: 108.22±36.97 vs 179.96±37.40, and CBP: 91.96±19.0 vs 179.96±37.40, P<0.01) and MDA (20 g/kg WK: 21.6±7.4 vs 48.2±4.5, 10 g/kg WK: 32.2±7.3 vs 48.2±4.5, 5 g/kg WK: 34.2±6.2 vs 48.2±4.5, jianpiyiqi: 34.9±13.8 vs 48.2±4.5, yangxuehuoxue: 35.5±16.7 vs 48.2±4.5, qingrejiedu: 42.2±17.6 vs 48.2±4.5, and CBP: 30.1±6.1 vs 48.2±4.5, P<0.05-0.01) obviously decreased. The 20 g/kg WK group was better than 10 g/kg (the mucus thickness: 51.3±2.9 vs 43.3±2.9, NO: 0.480±0.026 vs 0.390±0.055, SOD: 186.4±19.9 vs 168,2±21.7, P<0.01) and 5 g/kg (the mucus thickness: 51.3±2.9 vs36.1±7.2, NO: 0.480±0.026 vs0.394±0.026, SOD: 186.4±19.9 vs155.6±21.6, P<0.01) groups and CBP group (the mucus thickness: 51.3±2.9 vs 38.2±3.5, NO: 0.480±0.026 vs 0.395±0.053, SOD: 186.4±19.9 vs 156.3±18.1, P<0.01) in the mucus thickness, NO and SOD levels and better than 10 g/kg (86.8±7.6 vs 77.9±7.0, P<0.05) and 5 g/kg (86.8±7.6 vs 70.0±5.4,P<0.05) groups in 6-K-PGF1α level, 10 g/kg WK group was better than 5 g/kg WK (the mucus thickness: 43.3±2.9 vs 36.1±7.2, P<0.01, SOD: 168.2±21.7 vs 155.6±21.6, P<0.05) and CBP groups (the mucus thickness: 43.3±2.9 vs 38.2±3.5, P<0.01, SOD: 168.2±21.7 vs 156.3±18.1, P<0.05) in the mucus thickness and SOD level. In compound group, jianpiyiqi group, yangxuehuoxue group, qingrejiedu group, the level of ET was decreased, NO contents were increased in gastric tissue of ulcers in rats. CONCLUSION: WK decoction and separated recipes have significantly protective effect on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. They can increase the content of EGF in gastric juice, PGI2 SOD in plasma and NO in gastric tissues, thicken the mucus on the gastric mucosa, and decrease the impairing factor MDA, ET in plasma.

Effect of Gui Zhi decoction on enteric mucosal immune in mice with collagen-induced arthritis

AIM： To explore the effect of Gui Zhi decoction on enteric mucosal immune in type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） in DBA mice. METHODS： Eighty DBA/1, weighing 18-22 g, were randomly divided into four groups with 20 in each group： control group, CIA group, treatment groups at high dosage and low dosage （GZH and GZL）. CIA was induced by immunization with type Ⅱ collagen （CII） emulsified with equal complete adjuvant at 0.1 mg CII each mouse. Blood lymphocyte suspension was screened for CD4 and CD8 expression using a flow cytometry, the CD4 and CD8 and secretory IgA （sIgA）-positive cells in enteric lamina propria tested with immunohistochemical staining. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）, interleukin-1 （IL-1）-β, and IL-6 concentrations in serum were assayed with RIA. RESULTS： Gui Zhi decoction can lower the arthritic scores and decrease the occurrence of arthritis. The CD4, CD8, and sIgA-positive cells in CIA mice are less than in control mice, and in Gui Zhi decoction at high dosage could restore the lowered CD4- and CD8-positive cells in lamina propria, and at both high and low dosages could increase the lowered sIgA-positive cells in lamina propria, even still lower than in normal mice. In periphery, the CD4 cells in periphery are higher in CIA mice than in control mice, and Gui Zhi decoction at high and low dosages could decrease the CD4 and CD8 cells. Also, Gui Zhi decoction at high dosage could decrease the IL-6 and TNF-α concentration in serum. CONCLUSION： Gui Zhi decoction can lower the arthritic scores and decrease the incidence of CIA in mice, and the mechanism is in part regulating enteric mucosal immune.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction in the liver of rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM To explore the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction (DCQD) in the liver of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) based on an herbal recipe tissue pharmacology hypothesis. METHODS Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group (SOG); a model group (MG); and low-, median- and high-dose treatment groups (LDG, MDG, and HDG, respectively). Different dosages (6, 12 and 24 g/kg for the LDG, MDG, and HDG, respectively) of DCQD were administered to the rats with SAP. The tissue concentrations of aloeemodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, honokiol, rheo chrysophanol, magnolol, hesperidin, naringenin and naringin in the liver of the treated rats were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum, inflammatory mediators in the liver and pathological scores were evaluated. RESULTS The major components of DCQD were detected in the liver, and their concentrations increased dose-dependently. The high dose of DCQD showed a maximal effect in ameliorating the pathological damages, decreasing the pro-inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin (IL)-6 and increasing anti-inflammatory mediators IL-4 and IL-10 in the liver. The pathological scores in the pancreas for the MG were significantly higher than those for the SOG (P < 0.05). DCQD could reduce the pathological scores in the pancreas and liver of the rats with SAP, especially in the HDG. Compared to the SOG, the ALT and AST levels in serum were higher in the MG (P < 0.05), while there was no statistical difference in the MG and HDG. CONCLUSION DCQD could alleviate liver damage by altering the inflammatory response in rats with SAP based on the liver distribution of its components.

开心八爪鱼

好医生；煎药；变身真容易；

Thirty-two Cases of Vascular Headache Treated by Acupuncture Combined with Chinese Herbal Decoction

To compare the acupuncture plus oral administration of Chinese herbal decoction with simple oral administration of Chinese herbal decoction in the treatment of vascular headache. Methods： Sixty two patients were randomly divided into a treatment group （32 cases） and a control group （30 cases）. Acupuncture at Baihui （GV 20）, Fengchi （GB 20）, Shuaigu （GB 8）, Xingjian （LR 2）, Neiguan （PC 6）, Sanyinjiao （SP 6） and Ashi points combined with oral administration of Chinese herbal decoction, was applied in the treatment group, and simple oral administration of Chinese herbal decoction was applied in the control group. Results： The total therapeutic effect in the treatment group was better than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. After treatment, the frequency, and duration of the attacks were reduced and shortened, and headache greatly alleviated in both groups （P〈0.01）. The alleviation in the treatment group was more obvious than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture combined with oral administration of Chinese herbal decoction provided remarkable therapeutic effects in treating vascular headache.