雪原飘过一抹红——音乐剧《牦牛革命》观后感

四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州,曾经是一个尽人皆知的贫困地区。毛泽东曾言:中国革命在某种意义上讲是"牦牛革命";红军长征十万主力途经留驻地马尔康被称为红军长征的"北上驿站",藏羌百姓曾筹集粮食两千多万斤、"高原之舟"牦牛等牲畜20余万头以及蔬菜肉类等等,他们甚至连种子都拿来支援红军,在最困苦的日子里.

Composition Analysis on Intermuscular Fatty Acid of Qinghai Datong Yak

[ Objective] The study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for rational utilization of Datong yak resource. [ Method] By qualitative and quantitative determination with gas chromatograph, the composition and content of intermuscular fatty acid of Datong yak were compared with those of Datong yellow cattle. [ Result] Comparing with Datong yellow cattle, Datong yak had lower saturated fatty acid （SFA） content and higher polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） content at extremely significant level （P 〈0.01 ）, while the difference of monounsaturated fatty acid （MUFA） contents between them was not significant （P〉0.05）. The PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 PUFA of Datong yak were in accordance with the recommended proportions. [ Conclusion] The intermuscular fatty acid composition of Datong yak is superior to that of local yellow cattle, which indicates that Datong yak meat has high nutritive value and wide development prospect.

Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Lfcin Gene of Datong Yak

[Objective] This study was to clone Lfcin gene from Datong yak, so as to provide reference for applying this gene in feed industry and breeding industry. [Method] Using PCR technology, the lactoferricin(Lfcin)-encoding gene was obtained from genome of Datong yak; then it was cloned into pGEM-T easy vector, and then sequenced; the sequencing results were subsequently aligned with the sequences of dairy cow accessed in GenBank. Moreover, amino acid sequences of Lfcin gene from various species including yak, dairy cow, human and mouse were used for sequence alignment and phylogenesis analysis. [Result] The second exon of lactoferrin(LF) from Datong yak, which is 778 bp in length, was obtained, within which the coding region of Lfcin gene is 75 bp (25 amino acid residues); sequence analysis showed that there is discrepancy of eleven bases between Datong yak and dairy cow; Lfcin proteins from various species shared high homeology, of which that from Datong yak and dairy cow were completely identical; phylogenesis analysis showed that cladogram based on Lfcin was consistent with species evolutionary law. [Conclusion] This study laid a foundation for the prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression of Lfcin gene and further understanding the activity of Lfcin protein.

Study on Carcass Traits of Changtai Yak

For studying the germplasm charactedsUcs and carcass traits of Changtai yak, 8 adult yaks （5 male, 3 female） were selected and tested. The results showed that the pre-slaughter weight of the adult male and female Changtai yak was 364.32 and 266.83 kg, respectively, which presented extremely significant difference （P〈0.01）. The carcass weight, net bone weight net meat weight, and the ratio of bone to meat also showed extremely significant difference （P〈O.01）, which were 186.60 and 125.67 kg, 39.74 and 25.00 kg, 147.84 and 100.83 kg, 1：3.73 and 1： 4.03, respectively. The dressing percentage had significant difference which was 51.15% and 49.34%, respectively （P〈0.05）. The neat meat percentage and carcass meat production rate showed no significant difference which were 40.54% and 37.66%, 79.29% and 80.24%, respectively （P〉0.05）. It indicated that Changtai yak has better growth performance and meat performance potential, and worth of further studying and breeding.

Study on the Correlation between Blood Enzyme Activity and Production Performance in Tibetan Yaks

Yak ( Bos grunniens ) is classified as Bovine genus,they live in Qingzang Plateau with elevation more than 3500m and it's neighbor highland,where the weather is high chilly,short of oxygen and large difference of temperature between day and night.But yak have adapted that circumstance after thousands of years' artificial and natural selection and has great anti adversity capacity.Yak is an important sustenance and means of production to Tibetan.China is a country with the largest number of yak,whose amount of livestock on hand accounts for 95% of the world and Tibet region takes the second place next to Qinghai in the number of yak.Tibetan yak has formed some groups for Tibetan's large area,complicated geological ecosystem conditions,geological isolation.The typical better groups are Yadong yak,Jiali yak and Sibu yak. Study about yak fell behind other animals due to the restriction of inconvenient transportation,difficult sampling and poor experimental technology.Study about the relationship between yak blood enzyme activities and milk production was little,only Jing (1992) studied correlation of milk production with serum amylase,esterase in Gansu Jiulong yak,Maiwa yak and no report was found in other groups.This study discussed six Jiali yak blood enzyme activities lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),alkaline phosphatases (AKP),acid phosphatase (ACP),catalase (CAT),amylase (Amy) and superoxide dismutase (SOD),and explored their relationship with milk production in Jiali yak,so as to supply with theoretical evidence by using blood enzyme activity as biochemical assisted selection marker in the breeding of Tibetan yak milk yield. This experiment investigated activity of six blood enzymes from 28 Tibetan yaks and explored its relationship to production performance.The results showed a extremely positive significant difference ( P <0.01) between activity of LDH and milk yield,CAT activity and length of belly hair respectively,while a positive significant difference ( P <0.05) was observed between AKP activity and body weight,Amy activity and body weight and a negative significant difference ( P <0.05) for SOD activity and body weight.Stepwise Regression Analysis showed that activity of LDH could be used for the prediction of milk yield,AKP,CAT,Amy for body weight,CAT,Amy for length of belly hair.So it is expected to use activity of LDH,AKP,CAT,Amy as biochemical genetic marker in the selection of milk yield,body weight and length of belly hair.

Comparative Study on Hydrolase Activities in Tianzhu White Yak Milk and Gannan Yak Milk of Gansu

This study was conducted to compare the hydrolase activities in the milk of Tianzhu white yak and Gannan yak in Gansu. The results showed that the ACP activity in Tianzhu yak milk was significantly higher than that in Gannan yak milk （P〈0.05）; the AKP activity in Tianzhu yak milk was higher than that in Gannan yak milk, but not significant; and the AMC activity in Tianzhu yak milk was significantly lower than that in Gannan yak milk （P〈0.05）. There were no remarkable changes in the activities of the 3 hydrolases with the change of parity, i.e., the effects of parity on enzyme activities in milk were not significant. The comparative study on hydrolase activities in the milk of Tianzhu while yak and Gannan yak helps to understand the characteristics of the milk of the 2 yak breeds, and further provides certain reference basis for the development of yak milk.

Study on the Datong Yak's Skin Development

[Objective] This study was to explore the skin development law of Datong Yak.[Method]Taking Datong yaks at four various growth stages（1 day old,30 days old,180 days old and adult）as experimental materials,we studied histological structure of Datong yak skin by employing the histological methods.[Results]The skins of Datong yak at four various growth stages all showed the characteristics of thinner epidermis and thicker hypodermis,and of less capillary vessels in hypodermis and more pigment cells in epidermis.Datong yak at four various growth stages all showed a fluctuating trend in entire skin thickness,in detail thickening from 1 day old to 30 days old,then thinning to 180 days old,again thickening to adult.[Conclusion]The results provided theoretical basis for further understanding the structural characteristics of Datong yak to adapt to the abominable plateau environment.

Optimization of Parameters of Exogenous Gene Mediated by Liposome to Transfect Yak Mammary Epithelial Cells in Vitro

[Objective] The aim of this study was to optimize conditions of exogenous gene mediated by liposome to transfect yak mammary epithelial cells in Vitro.[Method] Yak mammary epithelial cells were isolated and cultivated in Vitro by the methods of collagenase digestion and tissue adhesion.The expression of cytokeratin in yak mammary epithelial cell was detected by immunocytochemistry technique.With green fluorescence protein as the report gene,yak mammary epithelial cells were transfected with exogenous gene m...

Dyeing Behavior of Yak Hair Fiber Treated with Microwave Low Temperature Plasma

The scales on the surface of yak hair fiber act as barriers during the dyeing process. In order to solve the scale problem and to improve the dyeability of yak hair, yak hair fiber was treated by microwave low temperature plasma (MLTP) in this study. The weight loss and the dyeing properties of the yak hair fiber modified by MLTP were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) photographs were taken to observe the changes in the surface shape of yak hair fiber before and after treatment. Results showed that after MLTP treatment, the scale structure of yak hair was weakened and damaged greatly and the noticeable changes on the surface shape took place. At the same time, a significant improvement in dyeing properties of yak hair fiber was exhibited.

Effects of rock fragments on yak dung greenhouse gas emissions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Dung deposition is an important pathway of nutrient return and redistribution in alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.To date,information on the greenhouse gas emissions of yak dung on alpine grasslands,especially where there are large amounts of rock fragments,is limited.Our aim,therefore,was to evaluate variations in N_2O,CH_4,and CO_2 emissions from yak dung(CCD),and compare it to dung placed on rock fragments(RCD),alpine steppe soil(CSD),and a soil and rock fragment mixture(RSD) over a 30-day incubation period.The results showed that the total N_2O emissions from treatments without soil were significantly(P < 0.05) lower than those from treatments with soil.The highest total CH_4 emissions were detected in the CSD treatment,while CH_4 losses from treatments without rock fragments were significantly(P < 0.05) greater than those with rock fragments.The total CO_2 emissions from the RSD treatment was 6.30%–12.0% lower than those in the other three treatments.The soil beneath yak dung pats elevated the globalwarming potential(GWP),while the addition of rock fragments to the soil significantly(P < 0.05) decreased the GWP by reducing emissions of the three greenhouse gases.We therefore suggest that interactions between rock fragments and alpine steppe soil are effective in decreasing yak dung greenhouse gas emissions.This finding indicates that rock fragments are an effective medium for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from dung pats,and more attention should therefore be paid to evaluate its ecological impact in future studies.These results should help guide scientific assessments of regional GHG budgets in agricultural ecosystems where the addition of livestock manure to soils with large amounts of rock fragments is common.

Preliminary Comparative Study on Antioxidant Capacities of Yak

The aim of the present experiment was to determine if there was an adaptation on plasma antioxidant capacities of yak under the malnutrition （fasting treatment）. Three castrated male yaks and equal numbers of indigenous male cattle and of castrated male cattleyak with mean body weight of 146 ± 5.0, 116 ±3.0 and 149 ± 5.0 kg, respectively, were used. The fasting period lasted for 6 d. Results showed that： plasma total antoxidative capacity （T-AOC） was no differences between the genotypes on the fasting 1 st, 3rd, and 6th （P 〉 0.05）, but the values were linear greater with fasting days for yak, however, it was inverse for indigenous cattle or cattle-yak; plasma xanthine oxidase （XOD） activities of indigenous cattle were less than yak＇s and cattleyak＇s on the fasting 1st and 3rd day （P 〈 0.05）, but the value of indigenous cattle was greater than yak＇s and cattleyak＇s on the fasting 6th day （P 〈 0.05）. In a conclusion, plasma antioxidant capacities indicated that yaks have evolved an ability to survive in a starvation than indigenous cattle, and their crossbred-cattleyak also has inherited some of the adaptive characteristics.

音乐剧《牦牛革命》的叙事审美与舞台呈现

继2019年以原创音乐剧《辫子魂》成功献礼中华人民共和国成立70周年后,2021年,阿坝藏族羌族自治州民族歌舞团又为庆祝中国共产党成立100周年献上了另一部音乐剧《牦牛革命》。《牦牛革命》以红军长征过阿坝为背景,以筹粮为主要事件,用音乐剧丰富的舞台艺术呈现,为观众献上了一部中国革命史上既波澜壮阔又可歌可泣的壮美诗篇。

牦牛壮士(外一首)

一群牦牛列队走过，长长的毛发如离离原上草众的茁壮茂盛和飘逸它们走着沉重的踢踏舞步几乎要踩碎自己的骨头它们与草相依为命，前面是草场，或是屠场，未知或者乐知，它们自然而然，如对一草的闲适咀嚼，

RNA-Seq analysis of yak ovary: improving yak gene structure information and mining reproduction-related genes

RNA-Seq, a high-throughput （HT） sequencing technique, has been used effectively in large-scale transcriptomic studies, and is particularly useful for improving gene structure information and mining of new genes. In this study, RNA-Seq HT technology was employed to analyze the transcriptome of yak ovary. After lllurrlina-Solexa deep sequencing, 26826516 clean reads with a total of 4828772880 bp were obtained from the ovary library. Alignment analysis showed that 16992 yak genes mapped to the yak genome and 3734 of these genes were involved in alternative splicing. Gene structure refinement analysis showed that 7340 genes that were annotated in the yak genome could be extended at the 5＇ or 3＇ ends based on the alignments been the transcripts and the genome sequence. Novel transcript prediction analysis identified 6321 new transcripts with lengths ranging from 180 to 14884 bp, and 2267 of them were predicted to code proteins. BLAST analysis of the new transcripts showed that 1200-4933 mapped to the non-redundant （nr）, nucleotide （nt） and/or SwissProt sequence databases. Comparative statistical analysis of the new mapped transcripts showed that the majority of them were similar to genes in Bos taurus （41.4%）, Bos grunniens mutus （33.0%）, Ovis aries （6.3%）, Homo sapiens （2.8%）, Mus musculus （1.6%） and other species. Functional analy- sis showed that these expressed genes were involved in various Gene Ontology （GO） categories and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. GO analysis of the new transcripts found that the largest proportion of them was associated with reproduction. The results of this study will provide a basis for describing the normal transcriptome map of yak ovary and for future studies on yak breeding performance. Moreover, the results confirmed that RNA-Seq HT technology is highly ad- vantageous in improving gene structure information and mining of new genes, as well as in providing valuable data to expand the yak genome information.