Goat satisfying energy requirements of goat are determined by anatomical body and browse leaves. In High Bassin zone of Mandrare in Southern Madagascar, sampling area of 400 m^2 has been monitored to analysis floristi...Goat satisfying energy requirements of goat are determined by anatomical body and browse leaves. In High Bassin zone of Mandrare in Southern Madagascar, sampling area of 400 m^2 has been monitored to analysis floristic diversity and Shannon-Weaver index and to establish rangeland typology. With one ram, two castrated goats and three ewes, foraging behaviour, bite rate and forage nutritive value were analyzed in native pastureland during six days at two browsing periods. As results, four pastureland groups were classified with dominant shrubs plants Acacia farnesiana, Poupartia caffra, Kigelianthe madagascariensis and Rhigozum madagascariense. Rangelands sites have presented lower heterogeneity with floristic density （236-658 plants per hectare）, Shannon-Weaver index （0.28-0.95）, maximum diversity （1.04 ± 0.07） with P 〈 0.05. Most of 42 identified fodder plants presented significant difference （P 〈 0.05） and higher nutritive value （35-54% Dry Matter or DM）; mineral matter （70-162 g·kg DM^-1）; Crude Protein （124-175 g·kg DM^-1）; Crude Fibre （203-376 g·kg DM^-1）; Neutral Detergent Fiber （388-548 g·kg DM^-1） and gross energy （3617-4464 kcal·kg DM^-1）. Acaciafarnesiana rangeland was overgrazed with 4.00 to 9.00 bites·mn^-1. In fact, relationships between phytosociology, nutritional parameters and foraging behaviour have been analyzed to improve with autochthonous plants and to manage rangeland in semi arid environment.展开更多
Dogs are used for centuries as people helpers. One of possible use is a sport and service. BSM （Belgian Shepherd Malinois） and GS （German shepherd） dogs are most used breeds like service dogs and also most represe...Dogs are used for centuries as people helpers. One of possible use is a sport and service. BSM （Belgian Shepherd Malinois） and GS （German shepherd） dogs are most used breeds like service dogs and also most represented at sports competitions. Our aim was to compare the results of these breeds in the World Cup of International tests of working dogs （in years 2003-2011）, which is the peak of competitions. The authors evaluated results of German shepherd dog performance test and Belgian shepherd Malinois performance in disciplines such as tracking, obedience and defense. Belgian Shepherds achieved in all disciplines higher score than German shepherds. It was found out that Belgian shepherd Malinois get significant higher score in all disciplines （tracking, obedience and defense） than German shepherd. However, both of breeds are used successfully as service dogs.展开更多
Rangelands occupy 51% of the terrestrial land surface, 23% total land of Nepal. It contains about 36% of the world＇s total carbon in above and belowground biomass. Rangelands can aid in the mitigation of rising atmos...Rangelands occupy 51% of the terrestrial land surface, 23% total land of Nepal. It contains about 36% of the world＇s total carbon in above and belowground biomass. Rangelands can aid in the mitigation of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations via carbon storage in biomass and soil organic matter. A study on carbon stock on soil and vegetation at various altitudinal gradients in Milke-Jaljale rangeland area of Eastern Nepal was made. The study was carried out at three altitudinal gradients （above sea levels） Milke （3,000 m）, Gorujure （3,500 m） and Jaljale （4,000 m）. This method required establishing a transect line. Sample points were located by pacing the appropriate distances from the point of origin at a transect line. To determine distribution and quantity of plant carbon and soil organic carbon （SOC）, 45 sample points were established and 15 points were sampled from each study site. Total soil carbon was estimated as follows： 17.65 t/ha at Milke, 17.27 t/ha at Gorujure and 28.33 t/ha at Jaljale. Similarly, total vegetation carbon was estimated 22.68 t/ha at Milke, 29.79 t/ha at Gorujure and 42.54 t/ha at Jaljale. Highest elevation study site with least external disturbance （Jaljale area） had high storage of carbon in both cases vegetation and soil.展开更多
This study was carried out to investigate if on-farm cut vs. grazed pastures differed in soil fertility and species density in the temperate Himalayan highlands. Soil fertility and species relative density were measur...This study was carried out to investigate if on-farm cut vs. grazed pastures differed in soil fertility and species density in the temperate Himalayan highlands. Soil fertility and species relative density were measured from 30 cut and 30 grazed dairy pastures. In both types of pasture, soil pH, available phosphorus(P) and exchangeable potassium(K) were negatively correlated with pasture age and slope. In cut pasture, cocksfoot(Dactylis glomerata) and pasture age were positively correlated,whereas in grazed pasture, they were negatively correlated. In grazed pasture, unsown species and pasture age were positively correlated. Soil available P was significantly greater in cut pastures whereas soil exchangeable K was significantly greater in grazed pastures. In terms of species density, cut pasture had greater densities of cocksfoot and Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum), whereas grazed pasture showed greater densities of white clover, sedge and local grass. Our study suggests that, if there are no improvements in the current method of pasture management, the cut pastures in the future are likely to have a simple pasture mixture constituting only cocksfoot and white clover(Trifolium repens).Whereas in grazed pasture, the pasture mixture is likely to be comprised of white clover and unsown species such as sedge, local grass and broadleaf weeds.展开更多
文摘Goat satisfying energy requirements of goat are determined by anatomical body and browse leaves. In High Bassin zone of Mandrare in Southern Madagascar, sampling area of 400 m^2 has been monitored to analysis floristic diversity and Shannon-Weaver index and to establish rangeland typology. With one ram, two castrated goats and three ewes, foraging behaviour, bite rate and forage nutritive value were analyzed in native pastureland during six days at two browsing periods. As results, four pastureland groups were classified with dominant shrubs plants Acacia farnesiana, Poupartia caffra, Kigelianthe madagascariensis and Rhigozum madagascariense. Rangelands sites have presented lower heterogeneity with floristic density （236-658 plants per hectare）, Shannon-Weaver index （0.28-0.95）, maximum diversity （1.04 ± 0.07） with P 〈 0.05. Most of 42 identified fodder plants presented significant difference （P 〈 0.05） and higher nutritive value （35-54% Dry Matter or DM）; mineral matter （70-162 g·kg DM^-1）; Crude Protein （124-175 g·kg DM^-1）; Crude Fibre （203-376 g·kg DM^-1）; Neutral Detergent Fiber （388-548 g·kg DM^-1） and gross energy （3617-4464 kcal·kg DM^-1）. Acaciafarnesiana rangeland was overgrazed with 4.00 to 9.00 bites·mn^-1. In fact, relationships between phytosociology, nutritional parameters and foraging behaviour have been analyzed to improve with autochthonous plants and to manage rangeland in semi arid environment.
文摘Dogs are used for centuries as people helpers. One of possible use is a sport and service. BSM （Belgian Shepherd Malinois） and GS （German shepherd） dogs are most used breeds like service dogs and also most represented at sports competitions. Our aim was to compare the results of these breeds in the World Cup of International tests of working dogs （in years 2003-2011）, which is the peak of competitions. The authors evaluated results of German shepherd dog performance test and Belgian shepherd Malinois performance in disciplines such as tracking, obedience and defense. Belgian Shepherds achieved in all disciplines higher score than German shepherds. It was found out that Belgian shepherd Malinois get significant higher score in all disciplines （tracking, obedience and defense） than German shepherd. However, both of breeds are used successfully as service dogs.
文摘Rangelands occupy 51% of the terrestrial land surface, 23% total land of Nepal. It contains about 36% of the world＇s total carbon in above and belowground biomass. Rangelands can aid in the mitigation of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations via carbon storage in biomass and soil organic matter. A study on carbon stock on soil and vegetation at various altitudinal gradients in Milke-Jaljale rangeland area of Eastern Nepal was made. The study was carried out at three altitudinal gradients （above sea levels） Milke （3,000 m）, Gorujure （3,500 m） and Jaljale （4,000 m）. This method required establishing a transect line. Sample points were located by pacing the appropriate distances from the point of origin at a transect line. To determine distribution and quantity of plant carbon and soil organic carbon （SOC）, 45 sample points were established and 15 points were sampled from each study site. Total soil carbon was estimated as follows： 17.65 t/ha at Milke, 17.27 t/ha at Gorujure and 28.33 t/ha at Jaljale. Similarly, total vegetation carbon was estimated 22.68 t/ha at Milke, 29.79 t/ha at Gorujure and 42.54 t/ha at Jaljale. Highest elevation study site with least external disturbance （Jaljale area） had high storage of carbon in both cases vegetation and soil.
文摘This study was carried out to investigate if on-farm cut vs. grazed pastures differed in soil fertility and species density in the temperate Himalayan highlands. Soil fertility and species relative density were measured from 30 cut and 30 grazed dairy pastures. In both types of pasture, soil pH, available phosphorus(P) and exchangeable potassium(K) were negatively correlated with pasture age and slope. In cut pasture, cocksfoot(Dactylis glomerata) and pasture age were positively correlated,whereas in grazed pasture, they were negatively correlated. In grazed pasture, unsown species and pasture age were positively correlated. Soil available P was significantly greater in cut pastures whereas soil exchangeable K was significantly greater in grazed pastures. In terms of species density, cut pasture had greater densities of cocksfoot and Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum), whereas grazed pasture showed greater densities of white clover, sedge and local grass. Our study suggests that, if there are no improvements in the current method of pasture management, the cut pastures in the future are likely to have a simple pasture mixture constituting only cocksfoot and white clover(Trifolium repens).Whereas in grazed pasture, the pasture mixture is likely to be comprised of white clover and unsown species such as sedge, local grass and broadleaf weeds.
