《特响,特近》创伤叙事的多模态话语分析

美国作家乔纳森·萨福兰·福尔的小说《特响,特近》以2001年美国"9·11"恐怖事件为背景,叙述了九岁主人公奥斯卡的创伤经历。小说以视觉语法、创伤理论为框架,从多模态角度分析了插图和异常视觉符号所表征的意义,小说借助无声的图像和视觉语言来重构创伤事件,展现了灾难带来的创伤后遗症以及奥斯卡和祖父母的心理活动、心路转变,揭示了不同灾难受害者应对创伤的方式,启示我们关爱、互助和沟通是达成人际和谐、人类和解、世界和平的有效途径。

The analysis of frequency-dependent characteristics for fluid detection: a physical model experiment

According to the Chapman multi-scale rock physical model, the seismic response characteristics vary for different fluid-saturated reservoirs. For class I AVO reservoirs and gas-saturation, the seismic response is a high-frequency bright spot as the amplitude energy shifts. However, it is a low-frequency shadow for the Class III AVO reservoirs saturated with hydrocarbons. In this paper, we verified the high-frequency bright spot results of Chapman for the Class I AVO response using the frequency-dependent analysis of a physical model dataset. The physical model is designed as inter-bedded thin sand and shale based on real field geology parameters. We observed two datasets using fixed offset and 2D geometry with different fluid- saturated conditions. Spectral and time-frequency analyses methods are applied to the seismic datasets to describe the response characteristics for gas-, water-, and oil-saturation. The results of physical model dataset processing and analysis indicate that reflection wave tuning and fluid-related dispersion are the main seismic response characteristic mechanisms. Additionally, the gas saturation model can be distinguished from water and oil saturation for Class I AVO utilizing the frequency-dependent abnormal characteristic. The frequency-dependent characteristic analysis of the physical model dataset verified the different spectral response characteristics corresponding to the different fluid-saturated models. Therefore, by careful analysis of real field seismic data, we can obtain the abnormal spectral characteristics induced by the fluid variation and implement fluid detection using seismic data directly.

Analysis and application of the response characteristics of DLL and LWD resistivity in horizontal well

There exist different response characteristics in the resistivity measurements of dual laterolog （DLL） and logging while drilling （LWD） electromagnetic wave propagation logging in highly deviated and horizontal wells due to the difference in their measuring principles. In this study, we first use the integral equation method simulated the response characteristics of LWD resistivity and use the three dimensional finite element method （3D-FEM） simulated the response characteristics of DLL resistivity in horizontal wells, and then analyzed the response differences between the DLL and LWD resistivity. The comparative analysis indicated that the response differences may be caused by different factors such as differences in the angle of instrument inclination, anisotropy, formation interface, and mud intrusion. In the interface, the curves of the LWD resistivity become sharp with increases in the deviation while those of the DLL resistivity gradually become smooth. Both curves are affected by the anisotropy although the effect on DLL resistivity is lower than the LWD resistivity. These differences aid in providing a reasonable explanation in the horizontal well. However, this can also simultaneously lead to false results. At the end of the study, we explain the effects of the differences in the interpretation of the horizontal well based on the results and actual data analysis.

Differences of Photosynthetic Characteristics of the Grape Cultivated in Greenhouse and Open Field in Turpan

[Objective] This study compared the leaf photosynthetic characteristics of Turpan grape cultivated in greenhouses and open field to provide a scientific basis for the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of grape. [Method] Two precocious grape varieties as experimental materials were cultivated in greenhouses and open field, and their net photosynthetic rates （Pn）, photo-response curves and CO2 response curves were determined using Li-400XT portable photosynthesis system. [Result] The leaf Pn of the two varieties cultivated in open field was higher than that in greenhouse. The Pn of Hongqitezao cultivated in open field was the highest, up to 19.79 μmol/（m^2·s）; in the photo-response curves, Hongqitezao cultivated in greenhouse had the largest Pnmax and apparent quantum yield （AQY）, while the Flame Seedless in greenhouse had the smallest light compensation point （LCP）. The light saturation point （LSP） value of greenhouse cultivation was higher than that of open field cultivation. In the CO2 response test, the dark respiration rate （Rd） and Pnmax of greenhouse cultivation were higher than those of open field cultivation, and the carboxylation efficiency （CE） of greenhouse cultivation was lower than that of open field cultivation; the CO2 compensation point （CCP） and CO2 saturation point （CSP） of greenhouse cultivation were lower than those of open field cultivation. [Conclusion] The utilization of elevated light in greenhouse cultivation was more efficient than in open field cultivation; however, the utilization of elevated CO2 in greenhouse cultivation was weaker than tin open field cultivation.

Impact of Dry Warming on Economic and Characteristic Crop and Coping Technology in Northwest of China

Based on the state of characteristics of dry warming of modern climate changing,the response of growth,output and quality of main economic crops such as cotton,flax and winter rape and characteristic crop such as vinifera and apple were discussed.The coping technology for climate changing and measurements for serving the agricultural were provided.

Circuit-Level Analysis on Opto-Electronic Characteristics of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal

We propose an electronic model in Spice, instead of traditional mathematical analysis, for analyzing the performance of ferroelectric liquid crystal （FLC） under various working conditions. Using this equivalent circuit model,it is easy to simulate and analyze the behavior of an FLC layer in three different typical parameters,including temperature, input light wavelength, and the frequency of driving voltage. We conclude that the response velocity drops as the wavelength increases in the range of visible light, and for the parameter of temperature, the velocity reaches its lowest value when the temperature reaches a certain degree,meanwhile,the frequency of driving voltage exerts important effects on the response velocity only when the frequency is beyond a critical value. Excellent agreement is achieved between simulation and experimental results.

Emission Characteristics of Soil Nitrous Oxide from Typical Greenhouse Vegetable Fields in North China

To make clear the emission characteristics of soil N20 from typical green- house vegetable fields in North China, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse tomato field in Shouguang city, Shandong province, China＇s ＂Home of Vegetables＂. The N2O fluxes were observed in four experimental treatments, as follows： none N fertilizer （CK）, single organic fertilizer （OM）, conventional fertilization （FP） and opti- mized and reduced nitrogen fertilization （OPT）, by a close chamber-gas chromato- graph method. The effects of different fertilization treatments on N2O emission and tomato yield were analyzed. The results showed that following the fertilization and ir- rigation, the pulsed emissions of N2O were measured. The N2O emission peak ap- peared after basal fertilizer application and irrigation and could be maintained for about 20 days. While the N2O emission peak caused by topdressing was smaller and last only 3-5 days. The statistical analysis showed that the N2O fluxes were affected by air temperature, soil temperature and WFPS at soil depth of 3 cm. The total contents of soil N2O fluxes had significant differences among experimental groups. The total content orderly was FP of 14. 77 kg/hm^2, OPT of 9. 73 kg/hm^2, OM of 6.84 kg/hm^2 and CK of 2.37 kg/hm^2. The N~：~ emission coefficient ranged from 0.83%-1.10%,which was close to or more than the recommended value （1.0%） by IPCC. Compared with the FP treatment, the tomato yield in OPT treatment, whose application rate of chemical N fertilizer decreased by about 60%, increased by 2.2%. Under the current management measures, the reasonable reduction on ap- plicaUon rate of organic manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer could effectively re- duce the N=O emissions in greenhouse vegetable fields.

UNSTEADY AERODYNAMIC MODEL OF ISOLATED ROTORIN LARGE-AMPLITUDE MANEUVERS

To improve the rotor off-axis response prediction, aerodynamic models must include the wake distortion effects of the maneuvering rotor. And the crux of the matter is to obtain a precise wake curvature parameter KR. A Peters-He finite-state wake model is improved to incorporate the operating-state-dependent KR to embody maneuver-induced effects. The curvature parameter KR varies with rotor forward speed, thrust and maneuvering angular rate according to a smoking experiment. Moreover, aerodynamic force/moment experiment indicates that after a quasi-step angular input, both on-axis and off-axis rotor responses show that an overshoot and its amplitude increases with the pitching rate. The comparison between theoretical and experimental results shows that the operating-state-accurate curvature parameter must be adopted to obtain accurate aerodynamic forces/moments, especially for the off-axis response. Additionally, combined with a dynamic wake distortion model, the obtained correlation agrees well with experimental data.

Characteristic of Intelligent Air Bag Venting Structure Actuating by Electrostrictive Stack Actuator

In this paper the conception of smart materials and structures is firstly combined with research of air bag,and the main theory of self adapting cushioning of intelligent air bag is expatiated.The intelligent venting structure is the main part affecting the cushioning result.Electrostrictive material was found having big force,high response speed and wide linearity,and it is fit to utilize in intelligent venting structure. The characteristic of the dynamic response and cushioning actuating of an electrostrictive stack actuator is analyzed,and the result of the computer simulation of the fuzzy control to intelligent venting structure is given.It is concluded that intelligent venting structure has good actuating characteristic and can satisfy the need of intelligent air bag.

Influence of Suspended Emulsion Polymerization Conditions on Particle Characteristics of Polyvinyl Chloride Resin

Suspended emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride was carried out in a 5 L autoclave. The influence of agitation, polymerization conversion, dispersant and surfactant on the average particle size (PS) and particle size distribution (PSD), particle morphology and porosity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin was investigated. It showed that the agitator had great influence on the smooth operation of polymerization, PS and PSD. The PS increased and PSD became narrow as polymerization conversion became high. The porosity decreased with the increase of conversion. A convenient choice of additives, both dispersants and non-ionic surfactants, allows one to adjust PS and PSD. The PS decreased with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose dispersants,and increased with the addition of Span surfactants. The addition of dispersants or surfactants also affected the morphology and porosity of resin, and PVC resin with looser agglomeration and homogeneous distribution of primary particles was prepared.

Characterizing urban road runoff quality in South China:a case study in Shenzhen

In order to have an in-depth understanding of road runoff characteristics and the linkages to their influential factors this paper investigates the road runoff quality in a city of South China Shenzhen.Four rainfall events with different characteristics are monitored on a typical urban road.It is noted that the road runoff quality is worse than Grade Ⅳ of environmental quality standards for surface water.This means that the road runoff has posed a serious risk to water environment health. Furthermore the research outcomes indicate that first flush highly varies with rainfall patterns and pollutant species.This means that for road runoff treatment design rainfall patterns as well as pollutant species should be taken into consideration and this is particularly essential to design first flush capturing devices. Additionally the threshold of an initial 3 to 5 mm rainfall depth is suggested to the first flush capturing device design.These results provide useful suggestions to the effective road runoff treatment design.

Survival analysis of cholangiocarcinoma:A 10-year experience in Malaysia

AIM:To investigate the clinical features and survival of patients treated for cholangiocarcinoma in our institution and to analyze the factors affecting their survival.METHODS:This retrospective cohort study assessed patients diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma between January 1997 and December 2007 at the University Malaya Medical Centre in Malaysia.The clinical data and associated outcomes were collected using a structured proforma.RESULTS:Of the 69 patients diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma,38 (55%) were male;mean patient age was 61 years.Twelve patients (17%) had intrahepatic,38 (55%) had perihilar and 19 (28%) had distal tumors.Only 12 patients underwent curative surgery,including seven R0 resections.Only one patient died within 30 d after surgery.The overall median survival was 4 mo,whereas the median survival of R0 resected patients was 16 mo.The overall 1-,2-and 3-year cumulative survival rates were 67%,17% and 17%,respectively.Survival rates were significantly associated with curative resection (P=0.002),intrahepatic tumor (P=0.003),negative margin status (P=0.013),early tumor stage (P=0.016),higher tumor differentiation (P=0.032) and absence of jaundice (P=0.038).Multivariate analysis showed that tumor location was a significant independent predictor of patient survival.CONCLUSION:Curative,margin-negative resection of early stage,well-differentiated intrahepatic tumors is associated with improved patient survival.

Characteristics and stability of slope movement response to underground mining of shallow coal seams away from gullies

Underground pressure is abnormal during mining of shallow coal seams under gullies. We studied gully slope movements, subject to underground mining, with physical simulation and theoretical analysis. The rules disclose that the slope rock slides horizontally in response to mining in the direction of gullies and rotates reversely with the appearance of a polygon block in mining away from gullies. We focused our attention on the case of mining away from a gully. We built a mechanical model in terms of a polygon block hinged structure and investigated the variation of horizontal thrust and shear force at the hinged point in relation to the rotation angle under different fragmentations. The Sliding-Rotation instability conditions of the polygon block hinged structure are presented based on the analyses of sliding instability and rotation instability. These results can serve as a theoretical guide for roof control during mining away from gullies in a coalfield defined by gullies.

Some advances on investigating friction characteristics of rolling guide ways

A review of research on hyste-resis and stick-slip is presented in this paper. Devices for investigating friction hysteresis and stick-slip of linear rolling guide ways are introduced,as well as some experiment results and conclusions,and some factors impacting on stick-slip are also exhibited.

Study on Transient Properties of Levitated Object in Near-Field Acoustic Levitation

A new approach to the study on the transient properties of the levitated object in near-field acoustic levitation （NFAL） is presented. In this article, the transient response characteristics, including the levitated height of an object with radius of 24 mm and thickness of 5 mm, the radial velocity and pressure difference of gas at the boundary of clearance between the levitated object and radiating surface （squeeze film）, is calculated according to severa/velocity amplitudes of radiating surface. First, the basic equations in fluid areas on Arbitrary Lagrange--Euler （ALE） form are numericaJly solved by using streamline upwind petrov gaJerkin （SUPG） finite elements method. Second, the formed a/gebraic equations and solid control equations are solved by using synchronous alternating method to gain the transient messages of the levitated object and gas in the squeeze film. Through theoretical and numerical analyses, it is found that there is a oscillation time in the transient process and that the response time does not simply increase with the increasing of velocity amplitudes of radiating surface. More investigations in this paper are helpful for the understanding of the transient properties of levitated object in NFAL, which are in favor of enhancing stabilities and responsiveness of levitated object.

Impact Factors on Distribution and Characteristics of Natural Plant Community in Reclamation Zones of Changjiang River Estuary

To identify impact factors on the distribution and characters of natural plants community in reclamation area, with survey data from 67 plant quadrats in July 2009, soil properties data from 216 sampling points in April 2009, and TM (30 m) data in 2006, the composition and characteristics of natural plants community in different time of the Fengxian area in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary were analyzed with two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results show that: 1) The plant communities in the reclaimed area are mainly mesophytes and helophytic-mesophytic transitional communities, showing a gradient distribution trend with the change in reclamation years. Species richness (MA), species diversity (H) and above-ground biomass also increase with the increase of reclamation years. Nevertheless, they appear to decline slightly in the middle and late reclamation period (> 30 years). 2) With the rise in land use levels, the changes in species richness and species diversity tend to increase at first and then decrease; species dominance (D), however, tends to decline; and above-ground biomass increases slightly. 3) The distribution of the plant community is mainly influenced by the following factors: land use levels (R = 0.55, p < 0.05), soil moisture (R = 0.53, p < 0.05), soil salinity (R = 0.43, p < 0.05) and reclamation time (R = 0.40, p < 0.05).

The influence of intensity and properties of tectonic stress on the process of coalification

Through the research on stress metamorphism character of the II1 coal seam in Ludian gliding structure, the stress effecting factors of metamorphism and hydrocarbon generation process of tectonic coal were studied. It is shown that different tectonic stress has different coal evolution effects. Compared with tensional stress, compressive stress, which has apparent anisotropic characteristics, has greater stimulative effect against the increase of coal metamorphic degree, the abscission of functional group and side chains of basic structural unit, and the formation of gas primarily composed of methane.

Numerical simulation of the dual laterolog for carbonate cave reservoirs and response characteristics

Cave carbonate formations are characterized by heterogeneity, which makes electrical log prediction difficult. It is currently important to know how to use the dual laterolog to accurately identify and quantitatively evaluate caves. Using numerical simulation to calculate electrical log responses can provide a theoretical basis for cave identification and evaluation. In this paper, based on the dual laterolog principles, we first study different size spherical cave models using the finite element method （FEM）, determine a relation between resistivity and cave filling after comprehensively studying the log responses of cave models with different filling material, and finally study the dual laterolog responses on caves filled with shale, limestone, conglomerate, and thin laminated formation of sand and shale. The numerical results provide a theoretical basis for identification and evaluation of carbonate cave reservoirs.

Research of Underwater Bottom Object and Reverberation in Feature Space

The critical technical problem of underwater bottom object detection is founding a stable feature space for echo signals classification. The past literatures more focus on the characteristics of object echoes in feature space and reverberation is only treated as interference. In this paper, reverberation is considered as a kind of signal with steady characteristic, and the clustering of reverberation in frequency discrete wavelet transform （FDWT） feature space is studied. In order to extract the identifying information of echo signals, feature compression and cluster analysis are adopted in this paper, and the criterion of separability between object echoes and reverberation is given. The experimental data processing results show that reverberation has steady pattern in FDWT feature space which differs from that of object echoes. It is proven that there is separability between reverberation and object echoes.

Determination of microscopic waterflooding characteristics and influence factors in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir

Actual sandstone micromodel was used in this work to conduct the microscopic waterflooding experiment of ultra-low sandstone reservoir,since the inside seepage characteristics of microscopic waterflooding process of Chang 8 ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir of Upper Triassic Yanchang formation in Huaqing region of the Ordos Basin,China is difficult to observe directly.Combined with physical property,casting thin sections,constant-rate mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance,the influence of reservoir property on the waterflooding characteristics in pores were analyzed and evaluated.Seepage paths of waterflooding characteristics were divided into four types:homogeneous seepage,reticular-homogeneous seepage,finger-reticular seepage and finger-like seepage,the waterflooding efficiency of which decreases in turn.More than 70%of residual oil occurs as flowing-around seepage and oil film.Physical property,pore structure and movable fluid characteristics are all controlled by digenesis and their impacts on waterflooding efficiency are in accordance.Generally,the pore throat radius size and distribution and movable fluid percentage are closely related to waterflooding law.