《生威》

这块草花石名为“生威”，其寓意是：在长满了树木、杂草的荒山野岭上，一只饥饿的猛兽隐蔽在那里寻求捕猎时机，

内观认知疗法对医学生焦虑水平、自我效能感和应对方式的干预及机制

目的:探究内观认知疗法对医学生焦虑水平、自我效能感和应对方式的影响,并考察医学生内观认知疗法干预、自我效能感、应对方式和焦虑水平间的关系,以期为医学生心理健康教育工作和NCT疗法的作用机制研究提供理论支持。方法:采用随机数字表法将70名符合筛选标准的研究对象随机分配到内观认知疗法组和心理健康教育组,每组35人。内观认知疗法组接受为期7天的内观认知疗法干预,心理健康教育组接受相同时间的常规心理健康教育,最终共68人完成试验(内观认知疗法组34人,心理健康教育组34人)。干预前后使用SAS、GSES、SCSQ量表对两组研究对象进行测评。结果:①干预前,内观认知疗法组与心理健康教育组在焦虑,自我效能感,积极和消极应对方式得分上均不存在显著差异。②干预后,内观认知疗法组焦虑得分显著降低(t=5.835;P<0.01),自我效能感和积极应对方式得分均显著升高(t=2.289,4.668;P<0.05),消极应对方式得分不存在显著差异,干预前后心理健康教育组在上述所有量表得分中均不存在显著差异。③干预后,内观认知疗法组自我效能感和积极应对方式得分显著高于心理健康教育组(t=2.653,3.122;P<0.01),焦虑得分显著低于心理健康组(t=2.562;P<0.05)。④中介效应检验方面,内观认知疗法既可以直接影响医学生焦虑水平(β=-0.293,95%CI=-3.755~0.008),也可以通过自我效能感的中介作用(β=-0.307,95%CI=-0.612~-0.028)、积极应对方式的中介作用(β=0.140,95%CI=-0.293~-0.004)及自我效能感和积极应对方式的链式中介作用(β=0.222,95%CI=-0.553~-0.022)间接影响医学生焦虑水平。结论:内观认知疗法是一种能够有效降低医学生焦虑水平的干预手段,既能直接缓解焦虑,也能通过提高医学生自我效能感水平,改善积极应对方式间接降低医学生焦虑水平。

Seasonal Development of Microbial Activity in Soils of Northern Norway

Seasonal development of soil microbial activity and bacterial biomass in sub-polar regions was investigated to determine the impacts of biotic and abiotic factors, such as organic matter content, temperature and moisture. The study was performed during spring thaw from three cultivated meadows and two non-cultivated forest sites near Alta, in northern Norway. Samples from all five sites showed increasing respiration rates directly after the spring thaw with soil respiration activity best related to soil organic matter content. However, distributions of bacterial biomass showed fewer similarities to these two parameters. This could be explained by variations of litter exploitation through the biomass. Microbial activity started immediately after the thaw while root growth had a longer time lag. An influence of root development on soil microbes was proposed for sites where microorganisms and roots had a tight relationship caused by a more intensive root structure. Also a reduction of microbial activity due to soil compaction in the samples from a wheel track could not be observed under laboratory conditions. New methodological approaches of differential staining for live and dead organisms were applied in order to follow changes within the microbial community. Under laboratory conditions freeze and thaw cycles showed a damaging influence on parts of the soil bacteria. Additionally, different patterns for active vs. non-active bacteria were noticeable after freeze-thaw cycles.

Life-threatening Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Haemorrhage:Role of Multidetector CT-angiography for the Emergency Management

Objective To evaluate the role of multidetector computed tomography-angiography(MDCTA) for management of life-threatening spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage(SRH).Methods A retrospective analysis of the medical records of all SRH patients admitted to our hospital from January 1,2005 to November 31,2014 was performed.SRH was defined as unrelated to invasive procedures,surgery,trauma,abdominal tumor or aortic aneurysm.Life-threatening SRH was defined as hemodynamic instability with hypotension.Sixteen cases met the inclusive criteria.Patients' characteristics,clinical presentation,imaging of MDCTA,treatment modalities,morbidity,and follow-up data were analyzed.Results The group of 16 patients included 11 men and 5 women,with a mean age of 51.5 ± 16.4years.All patients underwent MDCTA scan examinations,and active contrast media(CM) extravasation were found in 9 patients.Angiography was performed for 8 patients in the CM extravasation group.Bleeding vessels were found in 7 patients who underwent successful embolization.One patient in the CM extravasation group did not undergo angiography and died of bleeding.Seven patients without active CM extravasation underwent conservative management.Bleeding was controlled for all these 7 patients,and 1 patient died of multiple organ failure.Fourteen patients survived from SRH were successfully discharged.One patient died of heart failure during follow-up.Conclusion MDCTA was useful in the diagnosis of SRH and proved to be predictive for the outcome of conservative treatment and early intervention.

Sustainability of Transhumance Grazing Systems under Socio-economic Threats in Langtang,Nepal

The decline or loss of traditional social- ecological systems may induce adverse effects to the societies and ecosystems. Transhumance, the recurring and seasonal movement of grazing livestock, is increasingly constrained by a numbers of factors including policy, land use and soeio-economic changes in Nepal. To explore how these changes have affected the transhumance, this study investigated transhumance at the Langtang valley in central Nepal. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the herd size and composition, spatial-temporal patterns and to identify the major drivers of the system and the system changes. Data were collected from field study comprising semi-structured interviews with the herders, focus group discussions, key informants survey, and observations of rangeland and livestock management systems. The study revealed that the transhumanee system in the Langtang is influenced by two types of drivers. In one hand, traditional practices are contributing to the sustainability of the system. On the other hand, the grazing patterns and adaptive responses are strongly influenced by changes in government policies, socioeconomic and cultural transformation, livestock productivity, markets, rangeland conditions and climate change. The findings of this study help with the development and implementation of transhumance management policy for the sustainability.

Degradation of High Mountain Ecosystems in Northern Europe

Data material of a long-term high mountain ecosystem research project was used to interpret thegrazing impact of reindeers. In central Norwayinvestigations were conducted to both, areas wherereindeer grazing is excluded, and areas whereintensive pasturing is present for a long period oftime. The comparative analysis of grazing impact was based on similar environmental conditions. Theresults were transposed to northern Norway wheredramatic overgrazing had been exceeding thecarrying capacity. Using landscape ecologicalmappings, especially of vegetation and soils, theimpact of reindeer grazing in different areas becameobvious. Non-grazed lichen-dominated ecosystems of the snow-free locations functioned sensitively nearthe limit of organism survival. These localities weremost influenced by grazing as they offer the winterforage to the reindeers. So, intensive grazing incentral Norway led to landscape degradation bydestruction of the vegetation and superinduced bysoil erosion. Those features were comparable to thesituation in northern Norway, where a broad-scale destruction of the environment combined with adepression of the altitudinal belts had occurred dueto overgrazing. Functioning principles of intact high mountain systems were explained and used to interpret theenvironmental background for the understanding ofdegradation phenomena. Finally, the use of a newmodel calculating the carrying capacity of high mountain landscape was discussed.

John Dewey on the Reflective Moral Life： Renewing His Lessons for Moral Education Today

Moral education as practiced in schools today roughly falls into two kinds, either taught as an independent subject or practiced as a form of school-wide social learning. Dewey＇s criticism of rigid moral training in traditional schools gives credence to the latter trend. For instance, in 2000 Taiwan＇s Ministry of Education decided to eliminate moral education as a required subject from the national school curriculum and suggested that all schools and teachers should infuse morality into the school culture as a whole. More than a decade has passed, and many people question whether schools have been infused with morality. Some even suggest that not teaching morality in schools has led to an eroding of moral standards in society at large. In light of this controversy, in this paper, I take a close look at Dewey＇s conception of the nature of morality, and in particular, his distinction between reflective and customary morality. Drawing on Dewey＇s own moral struggles in life to illustrate his major contentions, I explore what Dewey means by moral reflection, dramatic rehearsal, and growth. Finally, I argue for the importance of committed moral values as the foundation for realizing Dewey＇s ideal of reflective intelligence. Overall, I aim to unpack the underlying assumptions in Dewey＇s ideas in order to renew his lessons for moral education today.

Investigations into the corrosive environments contributing to premature failure of Australian coal mine rock bolts

University of New South Wales(UNSW Australia) had been involved in the study of premature failure of rock bolts in Australia coal mines from the initial identification of the problem in 1999. Rock bolt steel changes over the last decade appear to have not reduced the incidence of failures. A broadened UNSW research project funded by the Australian Research Council(ARC) and Industry has targeted finding the environmental causes through extensive field and laboratory experiments. This paper describes the field studies conducted in underground coal mines,in particular attempts to measure the contribution to corrosion from groundwater,mineralogy and microbial activity. Various underground survey techniques were used to determine the extent of broken bolts,with the presence of both stress corrosion cracking(SCC) and localized deep pitting making no single technique suitable on their own.Groundwater found dripping from bolts across various coalfields in Australia were found to be not aggressive and known groundwater corrosivity classification systems did not correlate to where broken bolts were found. In-hole coupon bolts placed in roof strata containing claystone bands confirmed the clay as being a major contributor to corrosion. Microbes capable of contributing to steel corrosion were found to be present in groundwater,and culturing of the microbes taken from in-situ coupon bolts proved that the bacteria was present on the bolt surface. An ‘in-hole bolt corrosion coupon' development by the project may have multiple benefits of (1) helping quantify newly developed corrosivity classification systems,(2) providing an in-situ ground support corrosion monitoring tool,and (3) for testing possible corrosion protection solutions.

Radicalizing Arab University Students： A Global Emerging Threat

The purpose of the study was to explore the factors mediating college students＇ radicalization. A sample of 1,116 students was drawn from four different Jordanian universities. The construct validity of the scale was estimated by calculating the correlation between the radicalization items and the negative emotion items. A positive significant relationship was found （0.12, a = 0.000）, a sign of validity of the scale. The scale reliability was also strong and was estimated at 0.90 using Cronbach Alpha. Factor analysis produced five factors explaining 45% of the total variance of radicalization. The first factor labeled ＂political radicalization＂ explained 18.5% of the variance, the second factor ＂religious radicalization＂ explained 12.7%, the third factor ＂violent radicalization＂ explained 6.4% of the variance, the fourth ＂group radicalization＂ accounted for 4%, and the fifth factor ＂social radicalization＂ only accounted for 3% of the total variance. Significant differences in student radicalization were found according to the geographical region of the university （North, Center and South）, F = 14, a = 0.000. However, no significant differences were found in radicalization as it relates to gender, and type of college （i.e., Humanities vs. Pure Sciences）.

Loss of preferred habitat and pollen limitation threatens reproduction in a rare mountain Paeonia delavayi

Paeonia delavayi is a wild tree peony species endemic to high-altitude regions in southwestern China.Recent agricultural land expansion,however,not only causes its dwindling population size,but also poses a severe threat to its long-term persistence.Since our knowledge of the reproductive biology of P.delavayi is very limited,and some management misconceptions have further exacerbated the already worrisome situation,the aim of the present study is to provide some scientific evidence regarding habitat preference and breeding system of P.delavayi,and to help correct some management misconceptions.Specifically,morphological traits of P.delavayi populations growing in two different habitats(i.e.,the open area versus forest understory),including basal stem diameter,plant height and flower numbers per plant,were measured and compared with each other.A range of floral manipulation experiments was further conducted to study the extent of self-compatibility and pollen limitation.The results showed that P.delavayi preferred the open habitat over forest understory as it generally grew bigger with thickerstems,and produced a higher number of flowers in the former habitat.Therefore,the open habitat should receive immediate priority for conservation action instead of being converted to agricultural land;also,P.delavayi is pollen limited,as evidenced by the fact that experimental flowers receiving supplemental non-self pollen generally displayed elevated seed production than flowers subjected to other treatments(e.g.,non-supplemental self pollen,non-supplemental non-self pollen and supplemental self pollen),which is consistent with reported observations that alpine plants are more likely to be pollen-limited than lowland plants.We suggest that human intervention might be necessary to guarantee the long-term persistence of P.delavayi as harsh alpine environment,intense competition for pollinators and different anthropogenic perturbations co-limit its reproductive success.

Biosecurity Threats about the Combination of Aerobiology, Morphology and Genetic Manipulation of Fungal Spores

The passive flight of large numbers of mitospores ensures propagation and survival of many fungal species. Moreover, many fungi have a surplus DNA context which allows for easier manipulation and tampering, especially when inserting eukaryotic genes and translation systems. These facts taken together suggest a high prominence of the sporogonic airborne fungi in biosecurity/biodefence priority lists, but due to the low virulence and mortality of the fungal pathogens, they do not figure high, or, sometimes, not at all. The disruptive effect of biosecurity fungal threats is important per se and genetic manipulations are to further it. Novel, long range and high-persistence sampling methods, using robotics and unmanned systems already fielded in other applications may extend surveillance and responsive sampling. Effects-based, proteomic approaches may provide a solution for deliberate incidents, while polyphasic taxonomy may resolve spontaneous incidents and assist medical diagnosis, but in the biosecurity context, where mass collection and processing of samples and speed in producing robust results are vital, complex approaches might be proved more of a hindrance than an asset.

The Diversity of the Environmental Impact in Kurzeme

The analysis of environmental impact effects on forest ecosystems has a theoretical and practical nature. Many methods have been developed to determine characteristics and intensity of this impact. Methodologically, they can be divided into three groups： environmental parameter, bioindicative and combined methods. To evaluate the environmental impact a combined method was used in this study, it was based on trees as the bioindicators and their response reactions, and environmental parameter analysis. In this study the bioindicator was Norway spruce （Picea abies （L.） Karst.）, whose response reaction was used to explain total impact volumes of environmental factors in different places in the region of Kurzeme and try to interpret the causes of these differences. As the bioindicators criterion was used response reaction of Norway spruce during a period of 20 years, which was expressed with cumulative and annual additional volume increment, and was depending on the location of the stand and its morphometric characteristics. The empirical material was collected in Kurzeme region in 28 sample plots that are located on two transects and in one reference stand. For the evaluation the widths of the last 40 year growth rings were measured. To express the environmental impact in Kurzeme region a multiple regression model was developed, which explains the environmental impact in the volume of 68.2%, the rest part can be explained by the local conditions of each stand. It must be noted that methodology used in this study is very sensitive, thus, each of the nuances in the dynamics of volume＇s annual reduced additional increments has biological and ecological cause.

Cost Evaluation of Compact Dairy Wastewater Treatment System in Kuwait

In Kuwait, wastewater management has gained extra attention in recent years and becomes crucial for sustainable industrial development sector. Among the food industry sector, dairy processing plants generate huge amount of wastewater, which is heavily loaded with organic and other toxic compounds. Disposal of dairy wastewater effluent without sufficient treatment can contaminate aquatic ecosystems. Cost efficient treatment processes that are effective in removing organic load and other contaminants are essential to meet stringent environmental regulations applied in Kuwait. A research study was carried out at the KISR （Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research） to assess the technical viability and economic feasibility of combined microfiltration and biological treatment system. This work presents the economic evaluation of the adopted treatment system. The results show that the cost of the integrated system for large scale is estimated to be US$ 1.575/m3, which is 25% less than the cost of wastewater transportation and treatment in conventional sewage plants.

Jacopo Tintoretto＇s Female Concert： The Realm of Venus

This study aims to visualize Giorgio Vasari＇s statement in discussing Jacopo Tintoretto＇s Female Concert of 1576-86, now at the Gemaldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden （see Figure 1）. Two conceits （concetti） are considered in analyzing Tintoretto＇s female imagery： （1） a fanciful invention of musica extravaganza; and （2） a Venetian allegory of bellezza. The first part of the essay discusses the provenance of the painting and the second part presents an iconographical interpretation of the imagery. This essay also focuses on the iconography of the painting based on viewing the subject and does not postulate on its iconography based on disappeared paintings or on a speculative decorative cycle on the theme of Hercules. Relying on well-documented research on music in Venice, on Mannerist practices, and on art theories during Tintoretto＇s life, some intriguing observations are made about the painting.

Statistical Analytical Study of the Impact of Consumer Awareness Among the Students of the Faculty of Business Administration at the University of Kuwait in Consumer Protection and Its Relationship to Some Economic and Social Characteristics

Kuwaiti youth is an importam element in the field of development in the Kuwaiti society, especially in the field of self- consciousness and social consciousness incident. As always said, that young Gulf inherently consumerist element of first degree because of abundant liquidity and reasonable level of income compared to others of non - Gulf societies. Therefore, this research aims to study and analyze the impact of consumer awareness among the students of the Faculty of Business Administration in consumer protection in terms of the current role and hoped to guide consumption and its relationship to some economic and social characteristics of the consumers. In particular it has been studying the impact of some of the qualifications for heads of Kuwaiti families, their total monthly income and their place of residency inhabited by the expressive factors of consumer awareness in college students as well as their impact on the degree of preference for quality of consumer goods in being a low-price, median-price or expensive-price. In addition, it has been studying the relationship of these social variables noted with the role of government and consumer protection associations through what they are doing to develop laws and policies directed to develop and educate consumers. To achieve these goals, a special questionnaire has been prepared especially for this purpose has been met from a random sample of students from the University of Kuwait. I have been using the appropriate statistical analysis to study these goals. Thus, some of the appropriate suggestions and recommendations are obtained to achieve the objectives of this research.

Endoclipping treatment of life-threatening rectal bleeding after prostate biopsy

Rectal bleeding is frequently seen in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)-guided multiple biopsy of the prostate,but is usually mild and stops spontaneously.We report what is believed to be the first case of life-threatening rectal bleeding following this procedure,which was successfully treated by endoscopic intervention through placement of three clips on the sites of bleeding.This case emphasizes endoscopic intervention associated with endoclipping as a safe and effective method to achieve hemostasis in massive rectal bleeding after prostate biopsy.Additionally,current data on the complications of the TRUS-guided multiple biopsy of the prostate and the options for treating fulminant rectal bleeding, a consequence of this procedure,are described.

Smart Grid Cyber Security： An Overview of Threats and Countermeasures

The smart grid is the next generation of power and distribution systems. The integration of advanced network, communications, and computing techniques allows for the enhancement of efficiency and reliability. The smart grid interconnects the flow of information via the power line, intelligent metering, renewable and distributed energy systems, and a monitoring and controlling infrastructure. For all the advantages that these components come with, they remain at risk to a spectrum of physical and digital attacks. This paper will focus on digital vulnerabilities within the smart grid and how they may be exploited to form full fledged attacks on the system. A number of countermeasures and solutions from the literature will also be reported, to give an overview of the options for dealing with such problems. This paper serves as a triggering point for future research into smart grid cyber security.

Threats to Plant Diversity in the North Eastern Part of Libya （El-Jabal El-Akahdar and Marmarica Plateau）

Little thought has been given to threats facing plant diversity in this area where many wild plants still exist in their refuge sites in valleys （wadis）, the study area harboring most of the endemic species in the zone, and there are substantial maquis vegetation still remaining. Many plants species in this region have medicinal properties that give them scientific and commercial value. However, the wildlife species are gradually disappearing as a result of damaging and excessive resource exploitation the consistency of the irresponsible and inattentive activities, such as over grazing, ploughing, land reclamation, urbanization, mining, forest fires, over collecting and charcoal production cause damage to several habitats, communities disturbance as a result of that, hundreds of species are threatened with disappearance where many are at the brink of extinction. Also, the anthropogenic pressure accelerates Aeolian soil erosion and destroys the soil seed bank.

Economic Study of the Wind Energy Potential in Sahel

The wind pattern in Sahel is marked by a strong diurnal cycle as well as a strong seasonal cycle. The low level jet is blowing above the near-surface layer during nighttime and is decoupled from the surface. Nowadays, some studies showed the possibility to use the sub-jet wind at levels higher than 90 m as a source of energy in this area. In the present work, the wind turbines, with hub heights situated at 150 m and blade extremities at 150 ± 60 m, were used to make an economic study of wind energy potential in Sahel. Thus, monthly wind power was determined by two methods. The first involved the wind distributions directly observed. The second was based on the Weibull distributions which were fitted to the data. Day and night were compared. Results showed that this jet was an attractive source of energy provided if huge-capacity energy storage was used. So, the energy stored at night could be restored during the daytime, when the demand is highest. An economic study was done to estimate the number of wind turbines needed to satisfy the Niamey demand. The cost was found reasonably cheap relative to that of other renewable energy sources.

Key Engineering Highlights of Facilities ＆ Equipment for Oil ＆ Gas Production in Kuwait Oil Company

The paper provides an insight into key engineering aspects of Kuwait Oil Company＇s existing projects, facilities and equipment both current and from nearly 30 years of projects development. It deals with engineering features of mainly process and mechanical equipment, both static and rotating besides others, used for collection, separation, desalting, heat transfer, chemical treatment, storage, transmission, pipelines and similar facilities utilized for upstream oil and gas production, both sweet and sour. Engineering highlights include certain technological developments, metallurgical aspects, few best practices and lessons learnt as well. Seven （7） case studies are included towards the end that show case some of the engineering aspects of facility equipment, lessons learned from their engineering and conclusions drawn that, emphasize the need to focus on initial, preliminary engineering aspects of projects and could provide useful tips for oil and gas engineers and designers.