[ Objective ] The insecticidal and antibacterial bioactivity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn were screened and bioactive substances in it were separated and purified. [ Method] The Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn w...[ Objective ] The insecticidal and antibacterial bioactivity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn were screened and bioactive substances in it were separated and purified. [ Method] The Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn was conducted ultrasonic extraction in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. The insecticidal activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn to Mythimna separata walker and aphid were determined. The antibacterial activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn to Fusarium graminearu, Glomerella cingulata, F. oxysporium f. sp niveum, Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporium were also determined. The bioactivity-guided methods such as opencolumn chromatography and Pre-HPLC method were used to separate active components in petroleum ether extract from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn. [ Result] When the concentration was 500 mg/L, 3 kinds of extracts from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn didn＇ t show obvious antibacterial bioactivity to 5 kinds of test samples. When the concentration was 5%, petroleum ether extract show certain topical toxicity to aphids. The ethyl acetate extract showed certain antifeedant activity to 3^rd instar Larvae of Mythimna separata Walker. The fraction F4 of petroleum ether extract possessed highest topical toxicity to aphids and the lethality was 60.00%. [ Conclusion] Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn contained many insecticidal constituents whose active parts and mechanism were needed further researches.展开更多
The activation of Ca2+ entry through store-operated channels by agonists that deplete Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a ubiquitous signaling mechanism, the molecular basis of which has remained elusive for...The activation of Ca2+ entry through store-operated channels by agonists that deplete Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a ubiquitous signaling mechanism, the molecular basis of which has remained elusive for the past two decades. Store-operated Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels constitute the sole pathway for Ca2+ entry following antigen-receptor engagement. In a set of breakthrough studies over the past two years, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1, the ER Ca2+ sensor) and Orai1 (a pore-forming subunit of the CRAC channel) have been identified. Here we review these recent studies and the insights they provide into the mechanism of store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCCs).展开更多
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effects of autologous dendritic cells co-cultured with cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) combined with chemotherapy in advanced non-small...Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effects of autologous dendritic cells co-cultured with cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) combined with chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: Fifty patients with advanced NSCLC (stages III to IV), who had received therapies in our Center (Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated to Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China) from August 2008 to January 2010, were treated by DC-CIK + chemotherapy as the combined treatment group; fifty advanced NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy at the same time served as controls. The immunologic function, short-term therapeutic effects, the 1-year survival rate, the life quality, the chemotherapy side effects were compared between the two groups, the safety and therapeutic effects of DC-CIK cells therapy were observed too. Results: There was no obvious change of subsets of T cells in peripheral blood before and after therapy in DC-CIK + chemotherapy group, and IFN-γ was improved after therapy in this group (P < 0.05); in chemotherapy alone group, the ratios of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3-CD56+ cells and the secretion of IL-2, TNF-α decreased significantly after therapy (P < 0.05); the ratios of CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD56+ were improved after cell culture (P < 0.05). The disease control rate (DCR) of DC-CIK + chemotherapy group was higher than that in the chemotherapy alone group (78.0% vs 56.0%, P < 0.05); the 1-year survival rates of DC-CIK + chemotherapy group and chemotherapy alone group were 50% and 44% respectively, had no significant difference. Compared with chemotherapy alone group, the occurrence of chemotherapy side effects (including bone marrow suppression, nausea and vomiting, peripheral nerve toxicity) was less in the DC-CIK + chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). The physical and appetite were better in DC-CIK + chemotherapy group after therapy. Conclusion: To compare with simple chemotherapy, DC-CIK + chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC is safe and effective, and it can improve patients' life quality and remission rate, and prolong their survival time.展开更多
Someone or the other is always pointing to a published study to justify a point of view or the need for a change in what we do or how we live. There are so many such studies, many reported in top-notch journals, repor...Someone or the other is always pointing to a published study to justify a point of view or the need for a change in what we do or how we live. There are so many such studies, many reported in top-notch journals, reporting results inconsistent across and often inconsistent within. It is in the interest of increasing the credibility of science, and to safeguard the general public living with its overt and covert influence, to filter good science from bad. Some inferences are good, even when counter-intuitive or seemingly inconsistent, and are likely to withstand scrutiny and some others may represent marginal effects in the aggregate not entirely useful for individual choices or decisions, and are often non-reproducible. The New York Times featured an article in August 2018 debunking some of the reported studies supporting testing for Vitamin D deficiencies and the recommendation of large supplemental doses of Vitamin D. Some of these Vitamin D claims, among other claims, were reported as not holding up on replication in controlled trials [1]. We have noted in Ref. [2] that we need to be wary as individuals about reported signals detected in studies using stochastic data, even when these aggregate signals are of a large magnitude. We demonstrated discordance rates of 30% or higher between subject level assessments of effect and the conclusion drawn in the aggregate. Here we will provide a computation of this discordant proportion as well as post-hoc assessments of aggregate inferences, with emphasis on evaluating studies with time-to-event endpoints such as those in cancer trials. Similar evaluations for continuous, binomial data and correlations are also provided. We also discuss the use of response thresholds.展开更多
The application level of mathematics in each science discipline signs the level of development of this science. With the advancement of science and technology, especially the rapid development of computer technology, ...The application level of mathematics in each science discipline signs the level of development of this science. With the advancement of science and technology, especially the rapid development of computer technology, mathematics has permeated from natural scientific technology to agricultural construction, from economic activities to all areas of social life. Generally, when the actual problem requires us to provide quantitative results of analysis, forecasting, decision making, control and other aspects for real object under study, we are often inseparable from the application of mathematics. Mathematical modeling is the key to this process, whose purpose is to make mathematics applied to social and social services, and using mathematics to solve practical problems is through mathematical models. When using mathematical methods to solve some practical problems, we usually first transfer practical problems into mathematical language, and then abstract them into a mathematical model.展开更多
Europe＇s mountains cover nearly half of the continent＇s area and are home to one fifth of the European population. Mountain areas are hotspots of biodiversity and agriculture has played a multifunctional role in def...Europe＇s mountains cover nearly half of the continent＇s area and are home to one fifth of the European population. Mountain areas are hotspots of biodiversity and agriculture has played a multifunctional role in defining and sustaining mountain biodiversity. Ongoing trends of agricultural decline are having negative impacts on mountain biodiversity. This paper presents results from an interdisciplinary European research project, BioScene, which investigated the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity in six mountain study areas across Europe to provide recommendations for reconciling biodiversity conservation with social and economic activities through an integrated rural development strategy. BioScene used scenario analysis and stakeholder participation as tools for structuring the analysis of alternative mountain futures. Three main BioScene scenarios were evaluated： Business as Usual （BAIT）, Agricultural Liberalisation （Lib）, Managed Change for Biodiversity （MCB）. BioScene brought together ecologists, economists, sociologists and rural geogra- phers, to carry out interdisciplinary analysis of the scenarios： identifying key drivers of change, assessing the biodiversity consequences and evaluating costeffectiveness. BioScene used a sustainability assessment to integrate the research outputs across natural and social science disciplines to assess the broader sustainability of the scenarios in terms of biodiversity, natural resources, rural development, social development, economic development and institutional capacity. The sustainability assessment showed that the MCB scenario was potentially the most sustainable of the three BioScene scenarios. Through the reconciliation of potentially conflicting objectives, such as conservation, economic development and human livelihoods, and with a strong participatory planning approach, the MCB scenario could represent an alternative approach to BaU for sustainable rural development in Europe＇s mountains. BioScene confirms the necessity for natural and social scientists to work together to seek solutions to environmental problems. Interdisciplinary research can assist with the definition of integrated strategies with the potential to reconcile the ecological, social and economic parameters that determine a sustainable future for European mountain areas.展开更多
The civilisation transformations which occur in the sphere of human work, have a strong influence over their functioning both in the professional and extraprofessional spheres. Scientific analyses, as well as everyday...The civilisation transformations which occur in the sphere of human work, have a strong influence over their functioning both in the professional and extraprofessional spheres. Scientific analyses, as well as everyday observation, suggest that there are increases in the tension between work and personal life, which results in imbalance and perceiving both the spheres as mutually contradictory, as well as having adverse consequences for workers and their families, organisations, the society, and economics. As regards this occurrence, the aim of the article is to show selected civilizational trends which generate the issues with maintaining work--personal life balance of contemporary humans. The article is of theoretical character and is based on the method of critical literature analysis, as well as on the analysis of formal-legal documents, reports, and statistical sources. The theoretical-case analyses let one formulate a conclusion that the transformation one undergone in the sphere of professional work often bears adverse consequences for the sphere of workers＇ personal lives and this should be a significant scientific research field.展开更多
Since the 1980s, people＇ s material and spiritual life are constantly enriched and improved. People＇ s values are constantly changing, more and more people realize that participate in physical exercise for their own...Since the 1980s, people＇ s material and spiritual life are constantly enriched and improved. People＇ s values are constantly changing, more and more people realize that participate in physical exercise for their own importance in sports. The status of people＇ s lives has been greatly improved, for most residents; they participate in physical activity and have gradually become a richer cultural life, and they enhance the basic needs of physical, mental lifelong sports have gradually deep heart. While people continue to enhance the sports consciousness exercise, we also see some potential problems, such as the rapid development of science and technology is to bring more and more problems to people. As people, enjoy the level of automation in the material aspects of life. They gradually have cars, telephones, washing machines, refrigerators, microwave ovens, rice cookers. And the household products go into our lives, we enjoy the material on those by making more and more people gradually reduce the daily activities. And the most prominent is the elevators and cars, reducing active time and the amount of activity, a lot of heat stored in the human body is causing various diseases, from the results of medical research over the past decade. Various diseases associated with obesity have been become the most important factor in human deaths worldwide, the rapid emergence of this disease and the rapid development of social science and technology form a clear lack of coordination, for which many experts at home and abroad for such issues of deep study and research.展开更多
Introduction： Limited data are available regarding medical students’ habits related to long duration shifts and graduation classes that could negatively impact on their academic performance. The objective of this st...Introduction： Limited data are available regarding medical students’ habits related to long duration shifts and graduation classes that could negatively impact on their academic performance. The objective of this study is to identify the profile factors related to life quality and cardiovascular risk on medical students of a private university in Brazil. Methods： This study is based on a descriptive analysis of cross-sectional cohort of a sample of 490 students from the first to sixth year of medical school. The data were collected through an anonymous questionnaire. Results： Some of the data were： 81.6% of students reported alcohol ingestion, 5.9% are smokers and 13.9% reported use of illicit drugs, 27.9% informed adding salt to the food, 78.4% reported stress/anxiety. Conclusion： After observing all the collected data, a project was built for a longitudinal analysis of the influence of life style during the medical school years on mental and cardiovascular health, short and long term.展开更多
基金Supported by School Project of Yan’an University (YD2005-042)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The insecticidal and antibacterial bioactivity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn were screened and bioactive substances in it were separated and purified. [ Method] The Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn was conducted ultrasonic extraction in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. The insecticidal activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn to Mythimna separata walker and aphid were determined. The antibacterial activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn to Fusarium graminearu, Glomerella cingulata, F. oxysporium f. sp niveum, Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporium were also determined. The bioactivity-guided methods such as opencolumn chromatography and Pre-HPLC method were used to separate active components in petroleum ether extract from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn. [ Result] When the concentration was 500 mg/L, 3 kinds of extracts from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn didn＇ t show obvious antibacterial bioactivity to 5 kinds of test samples. When the concentration was 5%, petroleum ether extract show certain topical toxicity to aphids. The ethyl acetate extract showed certain antifeedant activity to 3^rd instar Larvae of Mythimna separata Walker. The fraction F4 of petroleum ether extract possessed highest topical toxicity to aphids and the lethality was 60.00%. [ Conclusion] Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn contained many insecticidal constituents whose active parts and mechanism were needed further researches.
文摘The activation of Ca2+ entry through store-operated channels by agonists that deplete Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a ubiquitous signaling mechanism, the molecular basis of which has remained elusive for the past two decades. Store-operated Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels constitute the sole pathway for Ca2+ entry following antigen-receptor engagement. In a set of breakthrough studies over the past two years, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1, the ER Ca2+ sensor) and Orai1 (a pore-forming subunit of the CRAC channel) have been identified. Here we review these recent studies and the insights they provide into the mechanism of store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCCs).
基金Supported by a grant from the key Scientific Foundation of Shanxi Province (No. 051096-2)
文摘Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effects of autologous dendritic cells co-cultured with cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) combined with chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: Fifty patients with advanced NSCLC (stages III to IV), who had received therapies in our Center (Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated to Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China) from August 2008 to January 2010, were treated by DC-CIK + chemotherapy as the combined treatment group; fifty advanced NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy at the same time served as controls. The immunologic function, short-term therapeutic effects, the 1-year survival rate, the life quality, the chemotherapy side effects were compared between the two groups, the safety and therapeutic effects of DC-CIK cells therapy were observed too. Results: There was no obvious change of subsets of T cells in peripheral blood before and after therapy in DC-CIK + chemotherapy group, and IFN-γ was improved after therapy in this group (P < 0.05); in chemotherapy alone group, the ratios of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3-CD56+ cells and the secretion of IL-2, TNF-α decreased significantly after therapy (P < 0.05); the ratios of CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD56+ were improved after cell culture (P < 0.05). The disease control rate (DCR) of DC-CIK + chemotherapy group was higher than that in the chemotherapy alone group (78.0% vs 56.0%, P < 0.05); the 1-year survival rates of DC-CIK + chemotherapy group and chemotherapy alone group were 50% and 44% respectively, had no significant difference. Compared with chemotherapy alone group, the occurrence of chemotherapy side effects (including bone marrow suppression, nausea and vomiting, peripheral nerve toxicity) was less in the DC-CIK + chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). The physical and appetite were better in DC-CIK + chemotherapy group after therapy. Conclusion: To compare with simple chemotherapy, DC-CIK + chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC is safe and effective, and it can improve patients' life quality and remission rate, and prolong their survival time.
文摘Someone or the other is always pointing to a published study to justify a point of view or the need for a change in what we do or how we live. There are so many such studies, many reported in top-notch journals, reporting results inconsistent across and often inconsistent within. It is in the interest of increasing the credibility of science, and to safeguard the general public living with its overt and covert influence, to filter good science from bad. Some inferences are good, even when counter-intuitive or seemingly inconsistent, and are likely to withstand scrutiny and some others may represent marginal effects in the aggregate not entirely useful for individual choices or decisions, and are often non-reproducible. The New York Times featured an article in August 2018 debunking some of the reported studies supporting testing for Vitamin D deficiencies and the recommendation of large supplemental doses of Vitamin D. Some of these Vitamin D claims, among other claims, were reported as not holding up on replication in controlled trials [1]. We have noted in Ref. [2] that we need to be wary as individuals about reported signals detected in studies using stochastic data, even when these aggregate signals are of a large magnitude. We demonstrated discordance rates of 30% or higher between subject level assessments of effect and the conclusion drawn in the aggregate. Here we will provide a computation of this discordant proportion as well as post-hoc assessments of aggregate inferences, with emphasis on evaluating studies with time-to-event endpoints such as those in cancer trials. Similar evaluations for continuous, binomial data and correlations are also provided. We also discuss the use of response thresholds.
文摘The application level of mathematics in each science discipline signs the level of development of this science. With the advancement of science and technology, especially the rapid development of computer technology, mathematics has permeated from natural scientific technology to agricultural construction, from economic activities to all areas of social life. Generally, when the actual problem requires us to provide quantitative results of analysis, forecasting, decision making, control and other aspects for real object under study, we are often inseparable from the application of mathematics. Mathematical modeling is the key to this process, whose purpose is to make mathematics applied to social and social services, and using mathematics to solve practical problems is through mathematical models. When using mathematical methods to solve some practical problems, we usually first transfer practical problems into mathematical language, and then abstract them into a mathematical model.
文摘Europe＇s mountains cover nearly half of the continent＇s area and are home to one fifth of the European population. Mountain areas are hotspots of biodiversity and agriculture has played a multifunctional role in defining and sustaining mountain biodiversity. Ongoing trends of agricultural decline are having negative impacts on mountain biodiversity. This paper presents results from an interdisciplinary European research project, BioScene, which investigated the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity in six mountain study areas across Europe to provide recommendations for reconciling biodiversity conservation with social and economic activities through an integrated rural development strategy. BioScene used scenario analysis and stakeholder participation as tools for structuring the analysis of alternative mountain futures. Three main BioScene scenarios were evaluated： Business as Usual （BAIT）, Agricultural Liberalisation （Lib）, Managed Change for Biodiversity （MCB）. BioScene brought together ecologists, economists, sociologists and rural geogra- phers, to carry out interdisciplinary analysis of the scenarios： identifying key drivers of change, assessing the biodiversity consequences and evaluating costeffectiveness. BioScene used a sustainability assessment to integrate the research outputs across natural and social science disciplines to assess the broader sustainability of the scenarios in terms of biodiversity, natural resources, rural development, social development, economic development and institutional capacity. The sustainability assessment showed that the MCB scenario was potentially the most sustainable of the three BioScene scenarios. Through the reconciliation of potentially conflicting objectives, such as conservation, economic development and human livelihoods, and with a strong participatory planning approach, the MCB scenario could represent an alternative approach to BaU for sustainable rural development in Europe＇s mountains. BioScene confirms the necessity for natural and social scientists to work together to seek solutions to environmental problems. Interdisciplinary research can assist with the definition of integrated strategies with the potential to reconcile the ecological, social and economic parameters that determine a sustainable future for European mountain areas.
文摘The civilisation transformations which occur in the sphere of human work, have a strong influence over their functioning both in the professional and extraprofessional spheres. Scientific analyses, as well as everyday observation, suggest that there are increases in the tension between work and personal life, which results in imbalance and perceiving both the spheres as mutually contradictory, as well as having adverse consequences for workers and their families, organisations, the society, and economics. As regards this occurrence, the aim of the article is to show selected civilizational trends which generate the issues with maintaining work--personal life balance of contemporary humans. The article is of theoretical character and is based on the method of critical literature analysis, as well as on the analysis of formal-legal documents, reports, and statistical sources. The theoretical-case analyses let one formulate a conclusion that the transformation one undergone in the sphere of professional work often bears adverse consequences for the sphere of workers＇ personal lives and this should be a significant scientific research field.
文摘Since the 1980s, people＇ s material and spiritual life are constantly enriched and improved. People＇ s values are constantly changing, more and more people realize that participate in physical exercise for their own importance in sports. The status of people＇ s lives has been greatly improved, for most residents; they participate in physical activity and have gradually become a richer cultural life, and they enhance the basic needs of physical, mental lifelong sports have gradually deep heart. While people continue to enhance the sports consciousness exercise, we also see some potential problems, such as the rapid development of science and technology is to bring more and more problems to people. As people, enjoy the level of automation in the material aspects of life. They gradually have cars, telephones, washing machines, refrigerators, microwave ovens, rice cookers. And the household products go into our lives, we enjoy the material on those by making more and more people gradually reduce the daily activities. And the most prominent is the elevators and cars, reducing active time and the amount of activity, a lot of heat stored in the human body is causing various diseases, from the results of medical research over the past decade. Various diseases associated with obesity have been become the most important factor in human deaths worldwide, the rapid emergence of this disease and the rapid development of social science and technology form a clear lack of coordination, for which many experts at home and abroad for such issues of deep study and research.
文摘Introduction： Limited data are available regarding medical students’ habits related to long duration shifts and graduation classes that could negatively impact on their academic performance. The objective of this study is to identify the profile factors related to life quality and cardiovascular risk on medical students of a private university in Brazil. Methods： This study is based on a descriptive analysis of cross-sectional cohort of a sample of 490 students from the first to sixth year of medical school. The data were collected through an anonymous questionnaire. Results： Some of the data were： 81.6% of students reported alcohol ingestion, 5.9% are smokers and 13.9% reported use of illicit drugs, 27.9% informed adding salt to the food, 78.4% reported stress/anxiety. Conclusion： After observing all the collected data, a project was built for a longitudinal analysis of the influence of life style during the medical school years on mental and cardiovascular health, short and long term.
