Objective:Caregiver burden is used frequently within the nursing literature.It has not yet been clearly defined as there are different opinions regarding this concept.The purpose of this paper is to provide clarity su...Objective:Caregiver burden is used frequently within the nursing literature.It has not yet been clearly defined as there are different opinions regarding this concept.The purpose of this paper is to provide clarity surrounding the concept caregiver burden.Methods:An electronic search of MEDLINE,CINAHL,Health Source Nursing/Academic Edition and Academic Search Complete(ASC)of EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Google Scholar were searched with a limit of 10 years and published in the English or Chinese language.The paper adopted the framework by Walker and Avant.The attributes,antecedents,consequences and uses of the concept were identified.Results:At total of 33 articles were included.The three attributes of caregiver burden were identified as self-perception,multifaceted strain,and over time.The antecedents included insufficient financial resources,multiple responsibility conflict,lack of social activities.The consequences of caregiver burden resulted in negative change which included decreased care provision,decrease in quality of life,physical and psychological health deterioration.Conclusion:A definition of caregiver burden was developed.Tools to measure caregiver burden were identified.The findings from this analysis can be used in nursing practice,nursing education,research and administration.展开更多
Objectives:First-year college students had exposure to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that correlate with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression.Regarding to the modifiable lifestyle behaviors factors,this study i...Objectives:First-year college students had exposure to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that correlate with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression.Regarding to the modifiable lifestyle behaviors factors,this study investigated the prevalence and correlation of multiple lifestyle behaviors,anxiety and depression in a sample of Chinese first-year college students.Methods:Cross-sectional data were extracted from Residents eHealth app of health lifestyle behaviors survey from September to October 2019.Anxiety,depression,eating regular meals,consumption of snacks in-between meals,consumption of fruit,dessert and sugar-sweetened beverages,smoking and secondhand smoke exposure,consuming alcohol,physical activity,sedentary time were assessed by self-report.Socio-demographic including age,gender,education,family income,religion,and health condition were captured.Logistic regression was used to explore the association of multiple lifestyle behaviors,anxiety and depression.Results:Totally 1,017 participants were included in the study.The prevalence of anxiety and depression(from mild to severe) were 40.3% and 45.3%,respectively.In multivariable analyses,religion (believe in Buddhism,OR =2.438,95%CI:1.097-5.421;believe in Christian,OR =5.886,95%CI:1.604-21.597),gender (Female,OR =1.405,95%CI:1.001-1.971),secondhand smoke exposure (OR =1.089,95%CI:1.001-1.184),and eating regular meals (OR =0.513,95%C1:0.346-0.759) were associated with anxiety.Family income (OR =0.732,95%CI:0.596-0.898),eating regular meals (OR =0.641,95%CI:0.415-0.990),frequency of breakfast (OR =0.813,95%CI:0.690-0.959),with a chronic disease (OR =1.902,95%CI:1.335-2.712),and consumption of nocturnal snack (OR =1.337,95%CI:1.108-1.612) were associated with depression.Conclusions:These results highlighted the need for early lifestyle behavior intervention,especially modifying diet patterns considering the background of religion,health condition,and social-economic status in first-year college students to improve their mental health.展开更多
AIM:To study the effect of circulating cell-free oxy-hemoglobin(FHb) on intestinal microcirculation and intestinal epithelial injury in a rat model. METHODS:To induce elevated intravascular circulating FHb,male Spragu...AIM:To study the effect of circulating cell-free oxy-hemoglobin(FHb) on intestinal microcirculation and intestinal epithelial injury in a rat model. METHODS:To induce elevated intravascular circulating FHb,male Sprague-Dawley rats received water or FHb infusion.Microcirculatory changes in jejunum,ileum and colon were evaluated using fluorescent microspheres.Intestinal injury was quantified as plasmatic release of ileal lipid binding protein(iLBP) and verified by histological analysis of the ileum. RESULTS:Water and FHb infusions resulted,when compared with saline infusion,in reduced intestinal microcirculation(after 30 min P<0.05,or better;after 60 min FHb infusion P<0.05 for jejunum and colon) .Circulating FHb levels correlated significantly with release of iLBP(Spearman r=0.72,P=0.0011) .Epithelial cell injury of the villi was histologically observed after water and FHb infusions. CONCLUSION:This study shows that circulating FHb leads to a reduction in intestinal microcirculatory blood flow with marked injury to intestinal epithelial cells. These data support the hypothesis that circulating FHb contributes to the development of intestinal injury.展开更多
Objectives To develop a more specific understanding of psychological mechanisms in the development of burnout in long-term care as a basis for potential new intervention strategies aiming at improving nurses’mental h...Objectives To develop a more specific understanding of psychological mechanisms in the development of burnout in long-term care as a basis for potential new intervention strategies aiming at improving nurses’mental health.Methods Two qualitative studies with thematic analysis were conducted.In Study 1,we conducted eight group interviews with 110 nurses from May–July 2019 in the context of workshops at eight nursing homes in Germany.In Study 2,we supplemented these with semi-structured interviews with 14 executives at German nursing homes in December 2019.Results The thematic analysis in Study 1 identified three main themes:causes of challenges,employees’opportunities for change,and organisational opportunities for change.Thematic analysis in Study 2 identified three main themes:job motives,reasons for filling in for others,and employee self-care.Further,our results show that the need to stand in for colleagues,in particular,is one of the greatest challenges for geriatric caregivers.In dealing with these challenges we found that self-endangering behaviour—a diminished ability to say no when asked to fill in or to do work overtime—was an important antecedent of nurses’burnout.Further,high levels of altruistic motivation and identification with the team or organisation were associated with self-endangering behaviour in the presence of adverse working conditions.Low levels of self-worth are a further risk factor for self-endangering.Conclusions Our findings are at odds with some core tenets of classic models of job demands and burnout that construe motivation and identification as resources.Our results show the need of a holistic intervention program in nursing including individual coaching,team-based interventions and organisational development processes.Employees themselves should be sensitized to this issue and supported in the long term,and politicians should create structures that do not encourage this behaviour any further.展开更多
基金The authors acknowledge the support of the librarians at the Institute of Technology Tralee,Co.Kerry,Ireland.
文摘Objective:Caregiver burden is used frequently within the nursing literature.It has not yet been clearly defined as there are different opinions regarding this concept.The purpose of this paper is to provide clarity surrounding the concept caregiver burden.Methods:An electronic search of MEDLINE,CINAHL,Health Source Nursing/Academic Edition and Academic Search Complete(ASC)of EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Google Scholar were searched with a limit of 10 years and published in the English or Chinese language.The paper adopted the framework by Walker and Avant.The attributes,antecedents,consequences and uses of the concept were identified.Results:At total of 33 articles were included.The three attributes of caregiver burden were identified as self-perception,multifaceted strain,and over time.The antecedents included insufficient financial resources,multiple responsibility conflict,lack of social activities.The consequences of caregiver burden resulted in negative change which included decreased care provision,decrease in quality of life,physical and psychological health deterioration.Conclusion:A definition of caregiver burden was developed.Tools to measure caregiver burden were identified.The findings from this analysis can be used in nursing practice,nursing education,research and administration.
基金This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors.
文摘Objectives:First-year college students had exposure to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that correlate with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression.Regarding to the modifiable lifestyle behaviors factors,this study investigated the prevalence and correlation of multiple lifestyle behaviors,anxiety and depression in a sample of Chinese first-year college students.Methods:Cross-sectional data were extracted from Residents eHealth app of health lifestyle behaviors survey from September to October 2019.Anxiety,depression,eating regular meals,consumption of snacks in-between meals,consumption of fruit,dessert and sugar-sweetened beverages,smoking and secondhand smoke exposure,consuming alcohol,physical activity,sedentary time were assessed by self-report.Socio-demographic including age,gender,education,family income,religion,and health condition were captured.Logistic regression was used to explore the association of multiple lifestyle behaviors,anxiety and depression.Results:Totally 1,017 participants were included in the study.The prevalence of anxiety and depression(from mild to severe) were 40.3% and 45.3%,respectively.In multivariable analyses,religion (believe in Buddhism,OR =2.438,95%CI:1.097-5.421;believe in Christian,OR =5.886,95%CI:1.604-21.597),gender (Female,OR =1.405,95%CI:1.001-1.971),secondhand smoke exposure (OR =1.089,95%CI:1.001-1.184),and eating regular meals (OR =0.513,95%C1:0.346-0.759) were associated with anxiety.Family income (OR =0.732,95%CI:0.596-0.898),eating regular meals (OR =0.641,95%CI:0.415-0.990),frequency of breakfast (OR =0.813,95%CI:0.690-0.959),with a chronic disease (OR =1.902,95%CI:1.335-2.712),and consumption of nocturnal snack (OR =1.337,95%CI:1.108-1.612) were associated with depression.Conclusions:These results highlighted the need for early lifestyle behavior intervention,especially modifying diet patterns considering the background of religion,health condition,and social-economic status in first-year college students to improve their mental health.
基金Supported by The Profileringsfonds of the Maastricht University Medical Center(to Jacobs MJ and Buurman WA)an AGIKO-stipendium 920-03-522(to Lubbers T)from The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development
文摘AIM:To study the effect of circulating cell-free oxy-hemoglobin(FHb) on intestinal microcirculation and intestinal epithelial injury in a rat model. METHODS:To induce elevated intravascular circulating FHb,male Sprague-Dawley rats received water or FHb infusion.Microcirculatory changes in jejunum,ileum and colon were evaluated using fluorescent microspheres.Intestinal injury was quantified as plasmatic release of ileal lipid binding protein(iLBP) and verified by histological analysis of the ileum. RESULTS:Water and FHb infusions resulted,when compared with saline infusion,in reduced intestinal microcirculation(after 30 min P<0.05,or better;after 60 min FHb infusion P<0.05 for jejunum and colon) .Circulating FHb levels correlated significantly with release of iLBP(Spearman r=0.72,P=0.0011) .Epithelial cell injury of the villi was histologically observed after water and FHb infusions. CONCLUSION:This study shows that circulating FHb leads to a reduction in intestinal microcirculatory blood flow with marked injury to intestinal epithelial cells. These data support the hypothesis that circulating FHb contributes to the development of intestinal injury.
文摘Objectives To develop a more specific understanding of psychological mechanisms in the development of burnout in long-term care as a basis for potential new intervention strategies aiming at improving nurses’mental health.Methods Two qualitative studies with thematic analysis were conducted.In Study 1,we conducted eight group interviews with 110 nurses from May–July 2019 in the context of workshops at eight nursing homes in Germany.In Study 2,we supplemented these with semi-structured interviews with 14 executives at German nursing homes in December 2019.Results The thematic analysis in Study 1 identified three main themes:causes of challenges,employees’opportunities for change,and organisational opportunities for change.Thematic analysis in Study 2 identified three main themes:job motives,reasons for filling in for others,and employee self-care.Further,our results show that the need to stand in for colleagues,in particular,is one of the greatest challenges for geriatric caregivers.In dealing with these challenges we found that self-endangering behaviour—a diminished ability to say no when asked to fill in or to do work overtime—was an important antecedent of nurses’burnout.Further,high levels of altruistic motivation and identification with the team or organisation were associated with self-endangering behaviour in the presence of adverse working conditions.Low levels of self-worth are a further risk factor for self-endangering.Conclusions Our findings are at odds with some core tenets of classic models of job demands and burnout that construe motivation and identification as resources.Our results show the need of a holistic intervention program in nursing including individual coaching,team-based interventions and organisational development processes.Employees themselves should be sensitized to this issue and supported in the long term,and politicians should create structures that do not encourage this behaviour any further.
